Fourteen closed-canopy dry forest sites in the Hawaiian Islands (four on Kaua'i, two on O'ahu, one on Moloka'i, three on Lanā‘i, one on Maui, and three on Hawai‘i) were selected and surveyed in 2004–2006 to assess their diversity and structure in relationship to climate, and to identify relationships with satellite vegetation indices. Field measurements of woody plant species at all sites followed Gentry (1988). ‘Gentry transects’ consist of belt transects totaling 1000 m2 (0.1 ha). Each sample consisted of 10 belt transects (2 m · 50 m) 10 m apart in which all woody plants greater than or equal to 2.5 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) rooted in the sample area were identified (Gentry, 1988). We documented the floristic composition and quantified species richness, density, basal area, and canopy height for each site. Data were collected while S.P. was a graduate student at UCLA in the Department of Geography. There are 16 csv files in this data set that include a summary table, a locations table, and a separate table for each of the 14 sites. Each ‘site’ contains one 0.1ha plot.