The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem is an endangered global biodiversity hotspot that is a major focus of conservation and restoration efforts. However, most studies of longleaf habitats have not considered their distinct diversity, structure, and function among different communities, which are critical for developing appropriate management strategies. Florida has 51% of the remaining habitat, where it occurs in 5 unique community types. This dataset was collected from 82 plots (160 m2 each) in 23 sites across all 5 community types. We used modified variable area transects to collect data on tree density and growth rates. Tree rings were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm in CooRecorder and crossdated visually and statistically verified in COFECHA. Data was collected by N.Z. in 2018 while in graduate school at Florida State University.