The data included in this database were collected within a project funded by Everglades National Park (ENP). The project was aimed at understanding how fire, characterized by different intensities, differentially affects nutrient cycling in oligotrophic wetlands with distinct levels of phosphorus limitation. The data were collected in the eastern part of the Everglades, close to the boundary of ENP, in South Florida (Homestead). This part of ENP is characterized by marl soils, which are shallow (often less than 10 cm) and C-poor. The data were collected at two sites: one site was more oligotrophic (LP), while the other one had a certain degree of phosphorus enrichment (HP). The database includes date and location (i.e. site and plot) of each sampling event, surface water physio-chemistry, vegetation composition and structure, including dominant macrophyte estimated biomass, litter and root decomposition rates, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in the soil, flocculent detrital material, periphyton, sawgrass leaves and roots, and the water column. All these data were collected at different times between September 2018 and March 2021, before and after a prescribed fire that was carried out in February 2020 and which burned all the plots. Each row within the database identifies a unique combination of date and sampling plot.