The Santa Barbara Coastal LTER (SBC LTER) is an interdisciplinary research and education program established in April 2000 with the goal of developing a predictive understanding of how environmental drivers interact with terrestrial and oceanic processes to alter material flows and influence the ecology of coastal ecosystems. SBC LTER's principal study domain is the semi-arid coast and nearshore waters of the Santa Barbara Channel in southern California, and its diverse and productive marine forests of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) serve as the focal study ecosystem. Analyses of our long-term data have identified many of the environmental drivers and ecological processes underlying the production and community dynamics of kelp forests. The research proposed to address this question is integrated in a conceptual framework that focuses on the causes and ecological consequences of the dynamics of a relatively short-lived foundation species in a setting of long-term climate change and human use.