Competition is an important ecological interaction that drives a number of processes from evolution to behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Competition between congeners is often intense given the significant overlap of niche structures for the two species. An interesting aspect of competition that is understudied is the mechanisms by which organisms know that they are in competition with another species. Thus, the sensory cues or signals that are being detected by competitors is the initial mechanism for changes in behavior or physiology. Crayfish are the most invasive aquatic species and often replace existing crayfish species through superior competition. This study was designed to investigate how chemical cues my be used by overlapping species of crayfish to determine the degree and intensity of competition and how that recognition changes resource use. These studies were performed in flow through mesocosms at the University of Michigan Biological Station. The results indicate that internal factors (size and personality) play a role in determining resource use for some resources, whereas external (chemical cues) and internal (personality) play a role in determining resource use for other resources.