This package contains litter carbon content, nitrogen content, and associated chemistry data from a litter decomposition experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER. To assess the role of soil-litter mixing (SLM) in aridland litter decomposition, litterbags were deployed in the Chihuahuan Desert and interrelationships between vegetation structure, SLM, and rates of decomposition were quantified. Vegetation structure was manipulated at the experimental plots to simulate losses of grass cover from livestock grazing and shrub encroachment. Measured variables include mass loss, and chemistry of litter incubated on sites with experimental reductions in grass cover (0 to 100% removals) over a 30-month period. This dataset contains litter chemistry data from the experiment including percent carbon, percent nitrogen, ash corrections, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio. This study is complete.