This dataset contains physical soil characteristics, PLFA based microbial community composition, extracellular enzymatic activity, nitrate and ammonium activity, and phosphorus availability in various phosphorus pools (Biologically Based Phosphorus, potassium sulfate, Olsen-P). Soils were collected from two depths (0-2cm, 2-30 cm), four microhabitats (grass, shrub, biocrust, interspace), and four landforms (alluvial flat, alluvial fan remnant, erosional scarplet, fan piedmont – see coordinates) within the Jornada Experimental Range in July 2021 to answer questions about how these variables change across these spatial scales in drylands. This project was a collaboration between researchers at New Mexico State University and The University of Texas at El Paso as part of the Drylands Critical Zone Thematic Cluster within the Critical Zone Network. This dataset is complete.