Trace gas fluxes were measured using the in situ chamber design similar to that described by Bowden and others (1990, 1991). Static gas soil sampling chambers (four per plot) of 20 cm diameter (ID) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were placed on permanently installed PVC base rings immediately prior to measurement. At 0, 10, 20, and 30 min following placement of the chamber on the base, 8-mL gas samples were collected from gas sampling ports in the center of the chamber top by syringe. Samples were transferred to evacuated glass vials and stored at room temperature prior to analysis by gas chromatography (GC). CO2, N2O, and CH4 were analyzed on a Shimadzu GC-14 GC with thermal conductivity (CO2), electron capture (N2O), and flame ionization (CH4) detectors. These GC’s were capable of detecting ambient levels of these gases. Fluxes were calculated from the linear rate of change in gas concentration, the chamber internal volume and soil surface area. Flux rate calculations were not corrected for actual in situ temperature and pressure. Single points were removed from regressions if they were more than six times higher or lower than the other three values or if they contradicted a clear trend in the other three points. This procedure prevents inclusion of high flux rates based on non-significant regressions. Non-significant regressions were used in flux calculations to avoid biasing the statistical distribution of rates by setting all non-significant regressions to zero. Gas samples were collected prior to any icing treatment in September and October 2015, and then for 2 years after the icing treatments were initially applied (1st icing: 1/27/16; 2nd icing, only in MIDx2 plots: 1/14/17) in August 2016, July 2017, and October 2017.