Dry rangelands are important systems for coproducing food and other ecosystem services, but degradation of productivity, diversity, and water holding capacity may require active intervention to restore. Use of compost amendments on grasslands has been shown to improve many outcomes related to carbon, water, and nutrients unless excessive amounts are used, but practitioners lack guidance of optimal and cost-effective use to meet their management goals. We compared compost additions from 0-2.54 cm at two ranches in New Mexico and measured plant composition and biomass, soil characteristics such as bulk density, infiltration rate, aggregate stability, and total carbon content under baseline conditions and one- and two years after addition.