Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.1074.1

Title:

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

## benthic organic matter Coarse and fine particulate benthic organic matter were collected and analyzed from 10 desert streams during baseflow conditions. All samples were analyzed for organic matter content, and fine particulate organic matter samples were analyzed for carbon:nitrogen ratio and delta-C-13. ## nutrient-diffusing substrata Nutrient-diffusing substrata (NDS) were incubated in nine streams in Arizona. Replicates (4) of control (no nutrient addition), nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen + phosphorus additions were incubated for three weeks in each stream. NDS were incubated during summer baseflow (June 2017) and in autumn (October 2018). Samples were frozen until extraction and measurement of chlorophyll a concentration.

Publication Date:

2022-02-15

Language:

english

For more information:
Visit:	https://sustainability.asu.edu/caplter/data/data-catalog/view/edi.1074.1/xml/
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2017-06-13

End:

2018-12-21

People and Organizations
Contact:	Data Manager (Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University) [ email ]
Creator:	Harms, Tamara (University of Alaska Fairbanks)
Creator:	Sabo, John (Tulane University)
Creator:	Gaines-Sewell, Leah (Arizona State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass of coarse benthic organic matter in 10 desert streams
Data Table Name:	1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass; C:N; delta-C-13; and delta-N-15 of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) in 10 desert streams
Data Table Name:	1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv
Description:	standing stocks of chlorophyll on nutrient-diffusing substrata incubated in nine desert streams of Arizona

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/1/1f22719386c9ba40001645cede94c866
Name:	1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass of coarse benthic organic matter in 10 desert streams
Number of Records:	50
Number of Columns:	5

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv

Size:

2053 bytes

Authentication:

e050a3dfd568dae456c621d34519d1a5 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

width_mn_cm

rep

depth_cm

CBOM_gm2

Definition:

stream name

stream width

within stream replicate

stream depth

Mass of coarse benthid organic matter (CBOM) per unit streambed area

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	123.3333333
Max	1524

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	5

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	3.556
Max	81.788

Unit	gramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	4.773977
Max	1046.694447

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/1/015baa7beeff7d8214d6e78c148b58df
Name:	1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass; C:N; delta-C-13; and delta-N-15 of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) in 10 desert streams
Number of Records:	50
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv

Size:

3499 bytes

Authentication:

73e1e22015bcbb4b50e514f06232174f Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

rep

depth_cm

FBOM_gm2

d15N

d13C

pctN

pctC

CN_at

Definition:

stream name

replicate

stream depth

ash-free dry mass of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) per unit streambed area

delta-N-15: isotope ratio of 15N:14N relative to air

delta-13-C: isotope ratio of 13C:12C relative to PeeDee belmonite

weight percent of nitrogen

weight percent of carbon

carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (molar)

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	5

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	3.556
Max	81.788

Unit	gramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	4.1255758
Max	4934.204

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	-0.3
Max	9.1

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	-30.4
Max	-23.2

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	0.1
Max	0.8

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	1.3
Max	16.2

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	8.6666667
Max	31.5

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/1/4810aa5427dbe6d16c199ff45b428726
Name:	1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv
Description:	standing stocks of chlorophyll on nutrient-diffusing substrata incubated in nine desert streams of Arizona
Number of Records:	400
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv

Size:

26933 bytes

Authentication:

0340ab76abb4cb63c7a698069f0dd524 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

Season

SampleID

rep

trt

Area_m2

chla_mgm2

phaeophytin_mgm2

Definition:

name of stream

time period of deployment

sample identifier

replicate

treatment

surface area of fritted glass from which algae was extracted

areal chlorophyll a extracted from fritted glass (corrected for phaeophytin)

areal phaeophytin extracted from fritted glass

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Sycamore
Definition	Sycamore
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	autumn
Definition	Nov-Dec 2018
Source

Code Definition

Code	summer
Definition	Jun-Jul 2017
Source

Definition

sample identifier

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	6

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	control
Definition	control
Source

Code Definition

Code	N
Definition	nitrogen
Source

Code Definition

Code	N+P
Definition	nitrogen and phosphorus
Source

Code Definition

Code	P
Definition	phosphorus
Source

Unit	meterSquared
Type	real
Min	0.000514
Max	0.000514

Unit	milligramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	0
Max	238.0424142

Unit	milligramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	-62.6191574
Max	78.6380117

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabulary	algae, streams, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, nutrients, benthos, carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio
Creator Defined Keyword Set	coarse benthic organic matter, fine particulate organic matter
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	arizona, az, arid land

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

## benthic organic matter Benthic organic matter was sampled within a standardized surface area using an open-ended cylinder pressed into the streambed. Five replicate samples of each of coarse (greater than 1 mm; CBOM) and fine (less than 1 mm; FBOM) benthic organic matter were collected from each stream during the dry period (May-June) preceding the summer monsoon season. Larger CBOM was manually removed from the streambed and suspended CBOM was retrieved using an aquarium net. FBOM was sampled by stirring the sediment followed by immediate collection of two 125-mL bottles of the suspension. Samples were transported on ice to the laboratory and refrigerated until processing. CBOM was dried at 105 degrees C for three days, then weighed, and expressed as mass per area streambed. Volume of FBOM samples was measured prior to filtering through pre-combusted and weighed GF/F filters (0.7 um, glass fiber). FBOM was then dried for three days at 105 degrees C, weighed (dry mass), ashed for 4 h at 450 degrees C, then dried for 3 days at 105 degrees C and reported as ash-free dry mass. A separate subsample of FBOM was processed for carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotopes. These subsamples were dried at 60 degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees C before elemental analysis coupled to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. ## nutrient-diffusing substrata Nutrient diffusing substrata were prepared and deployed following Tank et al. 2006. Agar was prepared using NH4Cl and KNO3 (equal concentration N from each form) and KH2PO4 at 0.5 M. Controls included unamended agar. Agar was poured into plastic cups and capped with a fritted glass disc (surface area = 5 cm2). Four replicate cups of each nutrient treatment were affixed to steel bars and anchored to the bed of each of eleven streams. Cups were incubated for three weeks, in Jun-Jul 2017 and Nov-Dec 2018. Upon retrieval, fritted glass disks were removed from the cups and transported to the laboratory on dry ice, where they were frozen at -80 degrees C. Chlorophyll a was extracted from biomass on each fritted glass disk in hot ethanol. Samples were held in the dark until analysis. Each disk was placed in 95% ethanol and heated to 79 degrees C in a water bath for 5 minutes, followed by cooling in a refrigerator for 24 h. Absorbance of the extractant was then measured at 665 and 750 nm on a spectrophotometer. Hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) was added and samples were incubated for 90 s before reading absorbance a second time. Chlorophyll a and phaeophytin were then calculated as follows: Chlorophyll a (mg m–2) = 28.78\*(6650 - 665a)\*v/(A\*l) Phaeophytin (mg m–2) = 28.78\*[1.72\*(665a) - 6650]\*v/(A\*l) where 6650 = absorbance at 665 before acid addition minus absorbance at 750 nm, 665a = absorbance at 665 nm after acid addition minus absorbance at 750 nm, v = volume of extractant used (L), A = area of benthos sampled (m2) and l = path length of cell (1 cm). ## literature cited - APHA (American Public Health Association). 2005. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. - Parker, S.P., W.B. Bowden, and M.B. Flinn. 2016. The effect of acid strength and postacidification reaction time on the determination of chlorophyll a in ethanol extracts of aquatic periphyton. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 14:839-852. - Sartory, D.P., and J. U. Grobbelaar. 1984. Extraction of chlorophyll a from freshwater phytoplankton for spectrophotometric analysis. Hydrobiologia 114:177-187. - Tank, J.L., M.J. Bernot, E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2006. Nitrogen limitation and uptake. In: Methods in Stream Ecology, 2nd edition, p. 213-238, F. Hauer & G. Lamberti, editors.

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tamara.harms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Individual:

John Sabo

Organization:

Tulane University

Email Address:

jsabo1@tulane.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0709

Individual:

Leah Gaines-Sewell

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Leah.gaines-sewell@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-0766

Contacts:

Organization:

Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University

Position:

Data Manager

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Web Address:

https://researchdata.asu.edu/

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tamara.harms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2017-06-13

End:

2018-12-21

Sampling Site:

Description:

Agua Fria

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-112.0733

Latitude (degree):

34.3179

Sampling Site:

Description:

Babacomari

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.4257

Latitude (degree):

31.6362

Sampling Site:

Description:

Bonita

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.5334

Latitude (degree):

32.9572

Sampling Site:

Description:

Eagle

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.4417

Latitude (degree):

33.0654

Sampling Site:

Description:

Ramsey

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.3137

Latitude (degree):

31.4458

Sampling Site:

Description:

San Francisco

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.2984

Latitude (degree):

33.072

Sampling Site:

Description:

San Pedro

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.1606

Latitude (degree):

31.6064

Sampling Site:

Description:

Santa Cruz

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.8508

Latitude (degree):

31.3444

Sampling Site:

Description:

Sycamore

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-111.5058

Latitude (degree):

33.7537

Sampling Site:

Description:

Verde

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-112.4013

Latitude (degree):

34.8681

Sampling Site:

Description:

Wet Beaver

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-111.714

Latitude (degree):

34.6685

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

Personnel:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tkharms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Role:

Co-Principal Investigator

Abstract:

The pattern of water flow in a river can affect the abundance of plants and animals and the food web that supports fisheries. Severe floods that scour the riverbed can potentially displace or kill plants and animals, however, little is known about how floods (or droughts) or the timing of these across years affects the complexity and diversity of food webs. Some work suggests that river flow is a stronger determinant than the quantity of plant production on the flow of energy through the food web, but little is known about how the quality of plant food affects food chains and biodiversity. The study will provide fundamental information on how the timing of floods and droughts across years influences water quality (nitrate inputs to rivers), primary production, and the production of animals higher in the food web, such as fish. The researchers will produce a synthesis of research in hydrology and ecology to improve the management of arid land rivers. This work will reach across fundamental knowledge to education, from kindergarten to graduate levels. The project will have numerous broader impacts including training of several undergraduates, graduate students, and a postdoc. Researchers will work with a non-profit group to integrate project findings into an existing citizen science program on river drying sponsored by The Nature Conservancy, and develop an environmental education program for grades K-5. Finally, the research team will establish an innovative open source, distributed graduate seminar on application of statistical methods in ecology. Researchers will study streams spanning a gradient in the timing of rainfall to examine the role of changing hydrologic regimes in altering nitrogen supply, energy supply and food web structure in arid land streams. This proposal will: 1) Quantify the effect of food quality, energy supply and energetic efficiencies on trophic structure, 2) Quantify the effects of time between floods on stimulation of plant production and trophic structure, and 3) Quantify the effect of changes in flow regime on trophic structure via direct mortality, shifts in plants at the base of the food web, and the structure of the food web. Proposed research activities include characterization of the hydrologic regime, analysis of food webs across a hydroclimate gradient, and manipulation of nitrogen supply. Extreme event statistics and spectral analyses will characterize properties of flood intervals and flow regime shifts across 12 study sites spanning a gradient in timing of rainfall and hydrologic variation (monsoon vs. winter precipitation dominance) in Arizona. Derived hydrologic metrics will be used in combination with measures of ecosystem metabolism, N supply, secondary consumer energetic efficiencies, resource stoichiometry, and the proportion of autochthonous energy sources as predictor variables of food chain length and trophic structure to understand the mechanisms linking energetics and hydrology to food chain length. This comparative study includes 12 streams within the same biogeographic province that feature an algal-dominated food source and similar ecosystem size (1st-3rd order streams). Additionally researchers will conduct a nitrogen enrichment experiment in 6 streams to disentangle the indirect effects of water flow on nitrogen cycling versus the direct effects on plants and animals.

Funding:

- NSF 1457567 - NSF 1457689

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

1457689

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

URL:

https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457689&HistoricalAwards=false

Related Project:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

Personnel:

Individual:

John Sabo

Organization:

Tulane University

Email Address:

jsabo1@tulane.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0709

Role:

Co-Principal Investigator

Abstract:

Funding:

- NSF 1457567 - NSF 1457689

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

1457567

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

URL:

https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457567&HistoricalAwards=false

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	this dataset is complete and or updates are not anticipated
Frequency:	notPlanned

Other Metadata

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance