Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.1074.2

Title:

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

## overview Food chain length (FCL) is a key measure of the vertical structure of food webs that determines energy flow through ecosystems, carbon exchange between freshwater ecosystems and the atmosphere, and rates of nutrient cycling. FCL also has a strong bearing on the biomass of green plants in ecosystems and hence on water quality in aquatic ecosystems. Broad-scale syntheses of controls on FCL in stream ecosystems indicate that FCL declines with discharge variation but, counter to theory, does not vary significantly with energy supply. The mechanisms linking discharge and energy to FCL are largely unresolved in streams. We propose that lack of a relationship between energy supply and FCL may be due to variation in efficiency of energy transfer caused by constraints of food quality, or to a temporal mismatch between measures of energy inputs and FCL. Alternatively, the effects of flow variation on FCL may simply be paramount to energy supply, but potential mechanisms linking flow to FCL remain untested. Regime shifts—punctuated change between strings of high- and low-flow events—may cause comprehensive faunal replacement across trophic levels and collapse of the vertical structure of food webs. FCL may change as a result of loss (or gain) of an apex predator, or as a result of changes in feeding relationships leading to apex predators that eat higher on the food chain. Finally, flow variation may indirectly influence FCL through inputs of limiting nutrients during floods. In desert streams, algae typically provide the primary source of energy, and algal production is limited by nitrogen (N). N loading from terrestrial ecosystems is strongly related to flow variation, particularly to the inter-flood interval (IFI) or duration of baseflow between floods. Long IFI leads to larger N pulses and potentially greater net ecosystem production (NEP), thereby providing an indirect effect of flow variation on FCL. Specific aims of the research include: 1) Quantify the effect of food quality, energy supply and energetic efficiencies on FCL and trophic structure, 2) Quantify the effects of IFI on FCL and trophic structure caused by episodic stimulation of NEP by N inputs, and 3) Quantify the effect of flow regime shifts on FCL and trophic structure via direct mortality, shifts in the trophic base of production, and reassembly of the vertical structure of the food web. ## streamwater chemistry Water chemistry was monitored in quarterly in 11 desert streams of Arizona for two to three years. Sample collection occurred at an approximately monthly resolution in two of the streams, with additional sample collection following storms. Six streams were also sampled during fertilization experiments during which nitrate was added to a target concentration of 0.3 mg N/L. ## whole-stream metabolism Whole-stream metabolism was modeled from dissolved oxygen, light, and water temperature in 11 desert streams at a quarterly frequency for 1-3 years. In addition, metabolism of six streams was monitored during 12-14 d fertilization experiments, conducted once each in spring and autumn. During experiments, a control reach was paired with a reach fertilized with nitrate at a target concentration of 0.3 mg N/L. ## benthic organic matter Coarse and fine particulate benthic organic matter were collected and analyzed from 10 desert streams during baseflow conditions. All samples were analyzed for organic matter content, and fine particulate organic matter samples were analyzed for carbon:nitrogen ratio and delta-C-13. ## nutrient-diffusing substrata Nutrient-diffusing substrata (NDS) were incubated in nine streams in Arizona. Replicates (4) of control (no nutrient addition), nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen + phosphorus additions were incubated for three weeks in each stream. NDS were incubated during summer baseflow (June 2017) and in autumn (October 2018). Samples were frozen until extraction and measurement of chlorophyll a concentration.

Publication Date:

2022-06-08

Language:

english

For more information:
Visit:	https://sustainability.asu.edu/caplter/data/data-catalog/view/edi.1074.1/xml/
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2017-06-13

End:

2018-12-21

People and Organizations
Contact:	Data Manager (Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University) [ email ]
Creator:	Harms, Tamara (University of Alaska Fairbanks)
Creator:	Sabo, John (Tulane University)
Creator:	Gaines-Sewell, Leah (Arizona State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass of coarse benthic organic matter in 10 desert streams
Data Table Name:	1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass; C:N; delta-C-13; and delta-N-15 of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) in 10 desert streams
Data Table Name:	1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv
Description:	standing stocks of chlorophyll on nutrient-diffusing substrata incubated in nine desert streams of Arizona
Data Table Name:	1074_water_chemistry.csv
Description:	water chemistry in 10 desert streams
Data Table Name:	1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv
Description:	measurements for the calculation of in situ whole-system metabolism in 10 desert streams

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/2/1f22719386c9ba40001645cede94c866
Name:	1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass of coarse benthic organic matter in 10 desert streams
Number of Records:	50
Number of Columns:	5

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_coarse_benthic_organic_matter.csv

Size:

2053 bytes

Authentication:

e050a3dfd568dae456c621d34519d1a5 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

width_mn_cm

rep

depth_cm

CBOM_gm2

Definition:

stream name

stream width

within stream replicate

stream depth

Mass of coarse benthid organic matter (CBOM) per unit streambed area

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	123.3333333
Max	1524

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	5

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	3.556
Max	81.788

Unit	gramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	4.773977
Max	1046.694447

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/2/015baa7beeff7d8214d6e78c148b58df
Name:	1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv
Description:	mass; C:N; delta-C-13; and delta-N-15 of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) in 10 desert streams
Number of Records:	50
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_fine_benthic_organic_matter.csv

Size:

3499 bytes

Authentication:

73e1e22015bcbb4b50e514f06232174f Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

rep

depth_cm

FBOM_gm2

d15N

d13C

pctN

pctC

CN_at

Definition:

stream name

replicate

stream depth

ash-free dry mass of fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) per unit streambed area

delta-N-15: isotope ratio of 15N:14N relative to air

delta-13-C: isotope ratio of 13C:12C relative to PeeDee belmonite

weight percent of nitrogen

weight percent of carbon

carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (molar)

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	5

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	3.556
Max	81.788

Unit	gramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	4.1255758
Max	4934.204

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	-0.3
Max	9.1

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	-30.4
Max	-23.2

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	0.1
Max	0.8

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	1.3
Max	16.2

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	8.6666667
Max	31.5

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/2/4810aa5427dbe6d16c199ff45b428726
Name:	1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv
Description:	standing stocks of chlorophyll on nutrient-diffusing substrata incubated in nine desert streams of Arizona
Number of Records:	400
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_nutrient_diffusing_substrata.csv

Size:

26933 bytes

Authentication:

0340ab76abb4cb63c7a698069f0dd524 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

Season

SampleID

rep

trt

Area_m2

chla_mgm2

phaeophytin_mgm2

Definition:

name of stream

time period of deployment

sample identifier

replicate

treatment

surface area of fritted glass from which algae was extracted

areal chlorophyll a extracted from fritted glass (corrected for phaeophytin)

areal phaeophytin extracted from fritted glass

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Sycamore
Definition	Sycamore
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	autumn
Definition	Nov-Dec 2018
Source

Code Definition

Code	summer
Definition	Jun-Jul 2017
Source

Definition

sample identifier

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	6

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	control
Definition	control
Source

Code Definition

Code	N
Definition	nitrogen
Source

Code Definition

Code	N+P
Definition	nitrogen and phosphorus
Source

Code Definition

Code	P
Definition	phosphorus
Source

Unit	meterSquared
Type	real
Min	0.000514
Max	0.000514

Unit	milligramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	0
Max	238.0424142

Unit	milligramPerMeterSquared
Type	real
Min	-62.6191574
Max	78.6380117

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/2/8f512938a44357c771ebaaf53f03775b
Name:	1074_water_chemistry.csv
Description:	water chemistry in 10 desert streams
Number of Records:	534
Number of Columns:	19

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_water_chemistry.csv

Size:

81002 bytes

Authentication:

eadbb567d1d8f362abefe12d72cdffe2 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

Reach

Date

Time

location

Reach_location_m

SRP_uM

NH4_uM

Fluoride_uM

Chloride_uM

Sulfate_uM

Bromide_uM

Sodium_uM

Potassium_uM

Magnesium_uM

Calcium_uM

DOC_uM

TN_uM

NO3_uM

Definition:

stream name

control or fertilized reach

date of sample collection

time of sample collection

sample location (if not specified by site coordinates)

distance along reach (meter or description)

soluble reactive phosphorus concentration

ammonium concentration

fluoride concentration

chloride concentration

sulfate concentration

bromide concentration

sodium concentration

potassium concentration

magnesium concentration

calcium concentration

dissolved organic carbon concentration

total dissolved nitrogen concentration

nitrate concentration

Storage Type:

string

date

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

dateTime

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Agua Fria
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	Aravaipa
Definition	Aravaipa
Source

Code Definition

Code	Babacomari
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	Bonita
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	Eagle
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	Ramsey
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Francisco
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	San Pedro
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	Santa Cruz
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	Sycamore
Definition	Sycamore
Source

Code Definition

Code	Verde
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	Wet Beaver
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Control
Definition	control
Source

Code Definition

Code	Fert
Definition	fertilized
Source

Format	YYYY-MM-DD
Precision

Format	hh:mm:ss
Precision

Definition

sample location (if not specified by site coordinates)

Definition

distance along reach (meter or description)

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.025
Max	8.2346001

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.066
Max	69.2857143

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	1.6185574
Max	76.1906266

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	19.148356
Max	5840.400906

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	4.9711523
Max	2467.618899

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.067
Max	31.1010713

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	5.7306667
Max	3819.078767

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.1
Max	146.9920667

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	23.2976667
Max	2317.485333

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	187.7377
Max	2905.273333

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	4.4
Max	835.8333333

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.969
Max	107.6428571

Unit	micromolePerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.059
Max	134.5047619

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1074/2/f428ee51f8ac819c265503a4c8949ba8

Name:

1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv

Description:

measurements for the calculation of in situ whole-system metabolism in 10 desert streams

Number of Records:

1132

Number of Columns:

Time Period

Begin:

2016-02-27

End:

2019-06-04

Table Structure

Object Name:

1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv

Size:

468316 bytes

Authentication:

b81079cced71cbb9dead4b61ac502663 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

siteID

Site

reach

type

location

date

expt

GPP_mean

GPP_min

GPP_max

ER_mean

ER_min

ER_max

K600_daily_mean

K600_min

K600_max

ltmod_vs_ltobs

depth_m

discharge_m3s

DO.obs_mean

DO.obs_median

DO.obs_max

DO.obs_min

DO.sat_mean

DO.sat_median

DO.sat_max

DO.sat_min

temp.water_mean

temp.water_median

temp.water_max

temp.water_min

light_mean

light_median

light_max

DO.mod_mean

DO.mod_median

DO.mod_max

DO.mod_min

RMSE

Rsquared

MAE

Definition:

combination of dataset site reach and location fields

stream name''

control or fertilized reach

designates measurements made in pools of long residence time

relative location of sensors deployed in each reach

date of measurement

designates periods before after and during fertilization with nitrate

modeled mean daily gross primary production

modeled minimum daily gross primary production

modeled maximum daily gross primary production

modeled mean daily ecosystem respiration

modeled minimum daily ecosystem respiration

modeled maximum daily ecosystem respiration

mean modeled daily gas transfer velocity; gas transfer velocity at a Schmidt number = 600

minimum modeled daily gas transfer velocity; gas transfer velocity at a Schmidt number = 600

maximum modeled daily gas transfer velocity; gas transfer velocity at a Schmidt number = 600

modeled or measured PAR used in metabolism model

measured water water depth; used to convert volumetric estimates of metabolism to areal

mean daily stream discharge (measured at nearest USGS gauging station)

measured daily mean dissolved oxygen concentration

median daily observed dissolved oxygen concentration

measured daily maximum dissolved oxygen concentration

measured daily minimum dissolved oxygen concentration

measured daily mean % saturation of dissolved oxygen

measured daily median % saturation of dissolved oxygen

measured daily maximum % saturation of dissolved oxygen

measured daily minimum % saturation of dissolved oxygen

measured daily mean water temperature

measured daily median water temperature

measured daily maximum water temperature

measured daily minimum water temperature

mean daily PAR incident to stream; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as photon flux density

median daily PAR incident to stream; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as photon flux density

maximum daily PAR incident to stream; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as photon flux density

mean daily modeled dissolved oxygen concentration

median daily modeled dissolved oxygen concentration

maximum daily modeled dissolved oxygen concentration

minimum daily modeled dissolved oxygen concentration

root-mean square error of model fit to observations

coefficient of determination for fit of observed and predicted dissolved oxygen concentration

mean absolute error of model fit

Storage Type:

string

date

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

dateTime

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

combination of dataset site reach and location fields

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	AF
Definition	Agua Fria
Source

Code Definition

Code	BB
Definition	Babacomari
Source

Code Definition

Code	BN
Definition	Bonita
Source

Code Definition

Code	EG
Definition	Eagle
Source

Code Definition

Code	RM
Definition	Ramsey
Source

Code Definition

Code	SC
Definition	Santa Cruz
Source

Code Definition

Code	SF
Definition	San Francisco
Source

Code Definition

Code	SP
Definition	San Pedro
Source

Code Definition

Code	SY
Definition	Sycamore
Source

Code Definition

Code	VD
Definition	Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	Wet Beaver
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	CONT
Definition	control
Source

Code Definition

Code	FERT
Definition	fertilized
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	pool
Definition	designates measurements made in pools of long residence time
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	down
Definition	downstream
Source

Code Definition

Code	up
Definition	upstream
Source

Format	YYYY-MM-DD
Precision

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	y
Definition	time period immediately preceding, during, and immediately following fertilizer addition
Source

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	0.0007394
Max	15.9169619

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	-0.9119921
Max	13.6020343

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	0.0039587
Max	18.832022

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	-21.0522124
Max	-0.0024063

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	-26.7654372
Max	-0.0127957

Unit	gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay
Type	real
Min	-17.9973115
Max	3.0493168

Unit	perDay
Type	real
Min	0.0809837
Max	70.5412054

Unit	perDay
Type	real
Min	-13.0227519
Max	44.1400636

Unit	perDay
Type	real
Min	0.4315987
Max	97.130267

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	ltmod
Definition	photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident to the stream modeled using streamMetabolizer (ltmod)
Source

Code Definition

Code	ltobs
Definition	photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident to the stream modeled using a PAR sensor (ltobs)
Source

Unit	meter
Type	real
Min	0.0334059
Max	1.2

Unit	meterCubedPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0.0006135
Max	13.6342339

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.3635764
Max	11.4589815

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.2583333
Max	11.6325

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	1.0083333
Max	18.3933333

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.0883333
Max	10.42

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	7.4508881
Max	10.7627709

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	7.4726269
Max	11.1154335

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	7.8936063
Max	12.795768

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	5.7184333
Max	10.3495964

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	6.8736111
Max	23.7215278

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	5.65
Max	22.95

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	8.3
Max	38.8

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.1
Max	20.8

Unit	micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Type	real
Min	19.8540021
Max	1372.722254

Unit	micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0
Max	1452.5084

Unit	micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Type	real
Min	92.2081387
Max	3861.323337

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.3394827
Max	11.7065843

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.3035706
Max	11.7238216

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.632347
Max	15.2657839

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real
Min	-0.4196183
Max	11.3845236

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.0073072
Max	3.1373396

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.000805
Max	0.997937

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.0056185
Max	2.9443365

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabulary	algae, streams, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, nutrients, benthos, carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio
Creator Defined Keyword Set	coarse benthic organic matter, fine particulate organic matter
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	arizona, az, arid land

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

## streamwater chemistry Water was filtered upon collection (maximum pore size 0.7 μm, glass fiber filters), transported to the laboratory on ice, and frozen until analysis. Samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen via non-dispersive infrared gas analysis and chemiluminescence, respectively, on a Shimadzu TOC/TN-L. Concentrations of major anions and cations were analyzed via ion chromatography on a Thermo ion chromatograph with AS-18 or HC-11 columns for anions and CS-16 columns for cations. Soluble reactive phosphorus was measured colorimetrically using the molybdate method on a Smartchem autoanalyzer. Ammonium was typically measured colorimetrically using the phenol hypochlorite method on a Smartchem autoanalyzer, and was additionally measured by ion chromatography. Measured concentrations less than the lowest value used in calibration were replaced with half of the limit of quantitation for each analyte (shown below). | Analyte | Limit of quantitation (uM) | |-----------------------------|----------------------------| | ammonium | 0.132 | | bromide | 0.134 | | calcium | 0.46 | | dissolved organic carbon | 8.8 | | chloride | 0.952 | | fluoride | 0.198 | | magnesium | 0.1 | | nitrate | 0.118 | | total dissolved nitrogen | 1.938 | | soluble reactive phosphorus | 0.05 | | potassium | 0.2 | | sodium | 0.204 | | sulfate | 0.314 | Water chemistry was additionally monitored during experimental nitrate fertilization in six streams. Six streams were fertilized by continuous addition of fertilizer for 12-14 d during the dry period preceding summer and winter rains (Table 1). The target nitrate concentration was 0.3 mg N/L. Dates of fertilizer addition are detailed below. | Site | Date | Fertilization | |------------|------------|---------------| | Agua Fria | 04/13/2016 | start | | Agua Fria | 04/27/2016 | end | | Agua Fria | 10/19/2016 | start | | Agua Fria | 10/31/2016 | end | | Sycamore | 04/19/2017 | start | | Sycamore | 05/03/2017 | end | | Bonita | 10/19/2018 | start | | Bonita | 11/02/2018 | end | | Eagle | 10/21/2018 | start | | Eagle | 11/04/2018 | end | | Eagle | 04/27/2019 | start | | Eagle | 05/11/2019 | end | | Bonita | 04/26/2019 | start | | Bonita | 05/18/2019 | end | | San Pedro | 04/20/2018 | start | | San Pedro | 05/04/2018 | end | | Santa Cruz | 04/19/2018 | start | | Santa Cruz | 05/03/2018 | end | | San Pedro | 10/08/2017 | start | | San Pedro | 10/22/2017 | end | | Santa Cruz | 10/07/2017 | start | | Santa Cruz | 10/21/2017 | end | ## whole-stream metabolism Whole-stream metabolism was modeled from dissolved oxygen concentration, light incident to the stream, and water temperature, all monitored at 15-min intervals. Oxygen and temperature were monitored at 1-2 stations per reach for 2-14 days, four times per year. Estimates of gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and gas evasion were modeled using the streamMetabolizer package available for R (Appling et al. 2018). The package’s default priors were applied. Rate of gas evasion was estimated by partially pooling daily estimates within binned ranges in stream discharge, measured at the nearest USGS gauging station. The dataset includes metabolism monitored during experimental nitrate fertilization in six streams. Six streams were fertilized by continuous addition of fertilizer for 12-14 d during the dry period preceding summer and winter rains (Table 1). The target nitrate concentration was 0.3 mg N/L. Monitoring of metabolism during fertilization experiments typically included two stations within an upstream, control (unfertilized) reach; one station immediately above the fertilizer addition; and one station ~50-100 m downstream of fertilizer addition. | Site | Date | Fertilization | |------------|------------|---------------| | Agua Fria | 04/13/2016 | start | | Agua Fria | 04/27/2016 | end | | Agua Fria | 10/19/2016 | start | | Agua Fria | 10/31/2016 | end | | Sycamore | 04/19/2017 | start | | Sycamore | 05/03/2017 | end | | Bonita | 10/19/2018 | start | | Bonita | 11/02/2018 | end | | Eagle | 10/21/2018 | start | | Eagle | 11/04/2018 | end | | Eagle | 04/27/2019 | start | | Eagle | 05/11/2019 | end | | Bonita | 04/26/2019 | start | | Bonita | 05/18/2019 | end | | San Pedro | 04/20/2018 | start | | San Pedro | 05/04/2018 | end | | Santa Cruz | 04/19/2018 | start | | Santa Cruz | 05/03/2018 | end | | San Pedro | 10/08/2017 | start | | San Pedro | 10/22/2017 | end | | Santa Cruz | 10/07/2017 | start | | Santa Cruz | 10/21/2017 | end | Appling, A. P.; Hall, R. O.; Yackulic, C. B.; Arroita, M. Overcoming Equifinality: Leveraging Long Time Series for Stream Metabolism Estimation. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 2018, 123 (2), 624–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004140. ## benthic organic matter Benthic organic matter was sampled within a standardized surface area using an open-ended cylinder pressed into the streambed. Five replicate samples of each of coarse (greater than 1 mm; CBOM) and fine (less than 1 mm; FBOM) benthic organic matter were collected from each stream during the dry period (May-June) preceding the summer monsoon season. Larger CBOM was manually removed from the streambed and suspended CBOM was retrieved using an aquarium net. FBOM was sampled by stirring the sediment followed by immediate collection of two 125-mL bottles of the suspension. Samples were transported on ice to the laboratory and refrigerated until processing. CBOM was dried at 105 degrees C for three days, then weighed, and expressed as mass per area streambed. Volume of FBOM samples was measured prior to filtering through pre-combusted and weighed GF/F filters (0.7 um, glass fiber). FBOM was then dried for three days at 105 degrees C, weighed (dry mass), ashed for 4 h at 450 degrees C, then dried for 3 days at 105 degrees C and reported as ash-free dry mass. A separate subsample of FBOM was processed for carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotopes. These subsamples were dried at 60 degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees C before elemental analysis coupled to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. ## nutrient-diffusing substrata Nutrient diffusing substrata were prepared and deployed following Tank et al. 2006. Agar was prepared using NH4Cl and KNO3 (equal concentration N from each form) and KH2PO4 at 0.5 M. Controls included unamended agar. Agar was poured into plastic cups and capped with a fritted glass disc (surface area = 5 cm2). Four replicate cups of each nutrient treatment were affixed to steel bars and anchored to the bed of each of eleven streams. Cups were incubated for three weeks, in Jun-Jul 2017 and Nov-Dec 2018. Upon retrieval, fritted glass disks were removed from the cups and transported to the laboratory on dry ice, where they were frozen at -80 degrees C. Chlorophyll a was extracted from biomass on each fritted glass disk in hot ethanol. Samples were held in the dark until analysis. Each disk was placed in 95% ethanol and heated to 79 degrees C in a water bath for 5 minutes, followed by cooling in a refrigerator for 24 h. Absorbance of the extractant was then measured at 665 and 750 nm on a spectrophotometer. Hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) was added and samples were incubated for 90 s before reading absorbance a second time. Chlorophyll a and phaeophytin were then calculated as follows: Chlorophyll a (mg m–2) = 28.78\*(6650 - 665a)\*v/(A\*l) Phaeophytin (mg m–2) = 28.78\*[1.72\*(665a) - 6650]\*v/(A\*l) where 6650 = absorbance at 665 before acid addition minus absorbance at 750 nm, 665a = absorbance at 665 nm after acid addition minus absorbance at 750 nm, v = volume of extractant used (L), A = area of benthos sampled (m2) and l = path length of cell (1 cm). ## literature cited - Appling, A. P.; Hall, R. O.; Yackulic, C. B.; Arroita, M. Overcoming Equifinality: Leveraging Long Time Series for Stream Metabolism Estimation. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 2018, 123 (2), 624–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004140. - APHA (American Public Health Association). 2005. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. - Parker, S.P., W.B. Bowden, and M.B. Flinn. 2016. The effect of acid strength and postacidification reaction time on the determination of chlorophyll a in ethanol extracts of aquatic periphyton. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 14:839-852. - Sartory, D.P., and J. U. Grobbelaar. 1984. Extraction of chlorophyll a from freshwater phytoplankton for spectrophotometric analysis. Hydrobiologia 114:177-187. - Tank, J.L., M.J. Bernot, E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2006. Nitrogen limitation and uptake. In: Methods in Stream Ecology, 2nd edition, p. 213-238, F. Hauer & G. Lamberti, editors.

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tamara.harms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Individual:

John Sabo

Organization:

Tulane University

Email Address:

jsabo1@tulane.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0709

Individual:

Leah Gaines-Sewell

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Leah.gaines-sewell@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-0766

Contacts:

Organization:

Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University

Position:

Data Manager

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Web Address:

https://researchdata.asu.edu/

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tamara.harms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2017-06-13

End:

2018-12-21

Sampling Site:

Description:

Agua Fria

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-112.0733

Latitude (degree):

34.3179

Sampling Site:

Description:

Babacomari

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.4257

Latitude (degree):

31.6362

Sampling Site:

Description:

Bonita

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.5334

Latitude (degree):

32.9572

Sampling Site:

Description:

Eagle

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.4417

Latitude (degree):

33.0654

Sampling Site:

Description:

Ramsey

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.3137

Latitude (degree):

31.4458

Sampling Site:

Description:

San Francisco

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-109.2984

Latitude (degree):

33.072

Sampling Site:

Description:

San Pedro

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.1606

Latitude (degree):

31.6064

Sampling Site:

Description:

Santa Cruz

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-110.8508

Latitude (degree):

31.3444

Sampling Site:

Description:

Sycamore

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-111.5058

Latitude (degree):

33.7537

Sampling Site:

Description:

Verde

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-112.4013

Latitude (degree):

34.8681

Sampling Site:

Description:

Wet Beaver

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-111.714

Latitude (degree):

34.6685

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: 1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv

Time Period

Begin:

2016-02-27

End:

2019-06-04

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

Personnel:

Individual:

Tamara Harms

Organization:

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Email Address:

tkharms@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-1109

Role:

Co-Principal Investigator

Abstract:

The pattern of water flow in a river can affect the abundance of plants and animals and the food web that supports fisheries. Severe floods that scour the riverbed can potentially displace or kill plants and animals, however, little is known about how floods (or droughts) or the timing of these across years affects the complexity and diversity of food webs. Some work suggests that river flow is a stronger determinant than the quantity of plant production on the flow of energy through the food web, but little is known about how the quality of plant food affects food chains and biodiversity. The study will provide fundamental information on how the timing of floods and droughts across years influences water quality (nitrate inputs to rivers), primary production, and the production of animals higher in the food web, such as fish. The researchers will produce a synthesis of research in hydrology and ecology to improve the management of arid land rivers. This work will reach across fundamental knowledge to education, from kindergarten to graduate levels. The project will have numerous broader impacts including training of several undergraduates, graduate students, and a postdoc. Researchers will work with a non-profit group to integrate project findings into an existing citizen science program on river drying sponsored by The Nature Conservancy, and develop an environmental education program for grades K-5. Finally, the research team will establish an innovative open source, distributed graduate seminar on application of statistical methods in ecology. Researchers will study streams spanning a gradient in the timing of rainfall to examine the role of changing hydrologic regimes in altering nitrogen supply, energy supply and food web structure in arid land streams. This proposal will: 1) Quantify the effect of food quality, energy supply and energetic efficiencies on trophic structure, 2) Quantify the effects of time between floods on stimulation of plant production and trophic structure, and 3) Quantify the effect of changes in flow regime on trophic structure via direct mortality, shifts in plants at the base of the food web, and the structure of the food web. Proposed research activities include characterization of the hydrologic regime, analysis of food webs across a hydroclimate gradient, and manipulation of nitrogen supply. Extreme event statistics and spectral analyses will characterize properties of flood intervals and flow regime shifts across 12 study sites spanning a gradient in timing of rainfall and hydrologic variation (monsoon vs. winter precipitation dominance) in Arizona. Derived hydrologic metrics will be used in combination with measures of ecosystem metabolism, N supply, secondary consumer energetic efficiencies, resource stoichiometry, and the proportion of autochthonous energy sources as predictor variables of food chain length and trophic structure to understand the mechanisms linking energetics and hydrology to food chain length. This comparative study includes 12 streams within the same biogeographic province that feature an algal-dominated food source and similar ecosystem size (1st-3rd order streams). Additionally researchers will conduct a nitrogen enrichment experiment in 6 streams to disentangle the indirect effects of water flow on nitrogen cycling versus the direct effects on plants and animals.

Funding:

- NSF 1457567 - NSF 1457689

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

1457689

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

URL:

https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457689&HistoricalAwards=false

Related Project:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

Personnel:

Individual:

John Sabo

Organization:

Tulane University

Email Address:

jsabo1@tulane.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0709

Role:

Co-Principal Investigator

Abstract:

Funding:

- NSF 1457567 - NSF 1457689

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

1457567

Title:

Collaborative Research: Effects of Flow Regime Shifts, Anticendent Hydrology, Nitrogen Pulses and Resource Quantity and Quality on Food Chain Length in Rivers

URL:

https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457567&HistoricalAwards=false

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	this dataset is complete and or updates are not anticipated
Frequency:	notPlanned

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'perDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'perDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'change per day'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: 1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Food-chain length in desert streams of central and southern Arizona, USA

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: 1074_whole_stream_metabolism.csv

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata