Data Package Metadata View Summary

The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	edi.108.1
Title:	The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	Aquatic systems worldwide are threatened by the anthropogenic use of synthetic chemicals, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and road de‐icers. Exposure to contaminants can alter the behavior, morphology, and physiology of organisms if it occurs during sensitive life stages. For instance, past studies have documented feminization of male amphibians following herbicide exposure and skewed sex ratios among amphibian populations exposed to road salt. However, many of these studies lack the complexities found within natural environments, such as competition with conspecifics or threat of predation, which are also known to influence development. Thus, it is important to understand how anthropogenic and natural stressors interact to alter animal sex ratios. Given the growing concern of secondary salinization of freshwater systems, we exposed larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) to either road salt (sodium chloride [NaCl]) or an alternative salt mixture (NaCl, magnesium chloride [MgCl2], and potassium chloride [KCl]) at 3 concentrations (200, 600, and 1000 mg Cl−/L) crossed with 3 biotic stressors (no‐stressor control, competition, or predator cues) to examine their potentially interactive effects on sex. Exposure to biotic stressors and NaCl did not influence wood frog sex ratios. In contrast, tadpole exposure to the intermediate salt mixture concentration significantly reduced the proportion of female frogs. Future studies are needed to determine whether such changes in sex are widespread among sensitive species with complex life cycles, and to assess the consequences of sex ratio changes on long‐term population dynamics.
Publication Date:	2020-12-03

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2019

People and Organizations
Contact:	Leggett, Sagan K (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Student)
Creator:	Leggett, Sagan K (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institution , Student)
Associate:	Relyea, Rick (Jefferson Project, Principal Investigator )

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	Sex Ratio Data from The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios
Description:	This is the full data set from the paper "The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios"

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/108/1/6ac8dec798e1e7ec25179fd4e4200f42
Name:	Sex Ratio Data from The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios
Description:	This is the full data set from the paper "The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios"
Number of Records:	84
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

sexratiodata.csv

Size:

5132

Authentication:

199ce6e6695f2f1910e5c4d4ceb6bab7 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Unnamed: 0

Tank

Environment

Salt.Conc.

Salt.Treatment

female

male

treat

environment

propfemale

Column Name:

Rows

Tank

Environment

Salt Concentration

Salt Treatment

Females

Males

Treatment Combinations

environment

Proportion Female

Definition:

Row Number

This is the number of the tank

The biotic stressor the wood frogs were exposed to

There are four groups this could fall under: No salt, Low, Medium, or High

This defines the type of salt (if any) that the frogs were exposed to

Number of females in that tank

Number of males in the tank

There are seven different types considering the salt type and concentration

Repeat of the biotic stressor

The is the proportion that are females in the tank

Storage Type:

float

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	Number
Type	integer

Unit	Number
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Control
Definition	No biotic stressor
Source

Code Definition

Code	Competition
Definition	Double the woodfrogs
Source

Code Definition

Code	Predation
Definition	Caged larval dragonfly
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	High
Definition	High concentration
Source

Code Definition

Code	Low
Definition	Low Concentration
Source

Code Definition

Code	Medium
Definition	Medium concentration
Source

Code Definition

Code	No Salt
Definition	None
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Mix
Definition	Mixed salt - MgCl2 and KCl
Source

Code Definition

Code	NaCl
Definition	NaCl
Source

Code Definition

Code	No Salt
Definition	None
Source

Unit	Number
Type	integer

Unit	Number
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	High Mix
Definition	High concentration of mix salt
Source

Code Definition

Code	High NaCl
Definition	High concentration of NaCl
Source

Code Definition

Code	Low Mix
Definition	Low concentration of mix salt
Source

Code Definition

Code	Low NaCl
Definition	Low concentration of NaCl
Source

Code Definition

Code	Medium Mix
Definition	Medium concentration of mix salt
Source

Code Definition

Code	Medium NaCl
Definition	Medium concentration of NaCl
Source

Code Definition

Code	No Salt No Salt
Definition	No salt
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Competition
Definition	Double the number of woodfrogs
Source

Code Definition

Code	Control
Definition	No biotic stressor
Source

Code Definition

Code	Predator
Definition	caged larval dragonfly
Source

Unit	Proportion
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website https://portal.edirepository.org (herein "website") in the summary metadata page. Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. This data package (and its components) is made available "as is" and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the website shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation or misuse of the data package or its components. Periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	ecology
(No thesaurus)	mesocosm, wood frogs, salt, NaCl, Climate

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

The questions asked were: does salt concentration impact sex ratios of wood frogs, does salt type impact sex ratios of wood frogs, and do concentration and/or salt type interact with biotic stressors resulting in an impact on sex ratios of wood frogs. To answer these questions, mesocosms were used to mimic natural habitats of wood frogs. There were 3 different concentrations (low, medium, and high), 3 road salt type conditions (none, mix, NaCl), and 3 different biotic stressor conditions (none, competition, and predator). Competition was mimicked by adding twice the number of wood frog eggs and predation was mimicked by adding a caged larval dragon fly. The wood frogs were removed from the mesocosms at Gosner Stage 25 and dissected to determine the sex.

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Creators:

Individual:

Sagan K Leggett

Organization:

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institution

Position:

Student

Address:

Troy, New York United States

Email Address:

legges2@rpi.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-075X

Contacts:

Individual:	Sagan K Leggett
Organization:	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Position:	Student
Id:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-075X

Associated Parties:

Individual:	Rick Relyea
Organization:	Jefferson Project
Role:	Principal Investigator

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2019

Sampling Site:

Description:

Troy, Ny 12180 - City

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-73.6918

Latitude (degree):

42.7284

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios

Personnel:

Individual:

Devin K Jones

Organization:

Notre Dame

Position:

Graduate Research Assistant

Email Address:

devin.k.jones@gmail.com

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-0283

Role:

Graduate Research Assistant

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	This a complete dataset, therefore, it will not be updated periodically.
Frequency:

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Number'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Number'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

The Combined Effects of Road Salt and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Sex Ratios

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata