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Time-series of high-frequency profiles of fluorescence-based phytoplankton spectral groups in Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2014-2021

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.123.3
Title:Time-series of high-frequency profiles of fluorescence-based phytoplankton spectral groups in Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2014-2021
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Depth profiles of fluorescence-based phytoplankton biomass were sampled using a bbe Moldaenke FluoroProbe during 2014 to 2021 in five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. These reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the town of Pulaski, Virginia. The dataset consists of depth profiles of fluorescence-based phytoplankton biomass measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam, except in Falling Creek Reservoir, where depth profiles were also taken at four upstream sites ranging from the riverine to the lacustrine zone during 2016-2019. Casts were taken approximately weekly from May-October and monthly from November-April. Casts were collected at Beaverdam and Falling Creek Reservoirs during all years (2014-2021); casts were collected at Carvins Cove Reservoir during 2014-2016 and 2018-2021; casts were collected at Spring Hollow Reservoir during 2014-2016 and 2019; and casts were collected at Gatewood Reservoir in 2015-2016.

Publication Date:2022-01-13
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2014-05-04
End:
2021-12-06

People and Organizations
Contact:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech) [  email ]
Creator:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Lofton, Mary E. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Woelmer, Whitney M. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Hamre, Kathleen D. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Breef-Pilz, Adrienne (Virginia Tech)

Data Entities
Other Name:
FluoroProbe_QAQC_2014_2021.R
Description:
data aggregation and quality control script
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:FluoroProbe_QAQC_2014_2021.R
Entity Type:unknown
Description:data aggregation and quality control script
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:FluoroProbe_QAQC_2014_2021.R
Size:8056 bytes
Authentication:609a1096546d575b28aac7e3ccf44fe5 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/123/3/1ecfdf845367eb2e4d3da5fd4d99712b

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
carey lab controlled vocabularyCarey Lab, Virginia Tech, Western Virgina Water Authority, Falling Creek Reservoir, Stream Team, profiler
cuahsi controlled vocabularyReservoir, Lake
lter controlled vocabularyLakes, fluorescence, phytoplankton, plankton, biomass, algae, water temperature

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

SAMPLING TIMES Sampling times are indicated in the DateTime column, and were collected in the America/New_York Eastern Time Zone, which observed daylight savings time from approximately November to March in 2014-2021.

SAMPLING INSTRUMENT Sampling was conducted using a bbe Moldaenke FluoroProbe, which was sent to bbe Moldaenke for calibration and maintenance yearly according to the standards and practices of bbe Moldaenke between December-April in 2016-2018 and 2020. The probe was not sent for calibration during the winters of 2019 or 2021. The FluoroProbe uses fluorescence from six LED wavelengths (525 nm, 570 nm, 610 nm, 370 nm, 590 nm, 470 nm) to calculate biomass of four phytoplankton spectral groups (green algae, brown algae, bluegreen algae, and mixed assemblages) by comparing the sample spectrum to the fluorescence spectra of individual algal divisions measured during calibration. See Beutler et al. 2002 for an explanation of the principles of operation of the FluoroProbe.

Beutler, M. et al. A fluorometric method for the differentiation of algal populations in vivo and in situ. Photosynth. Res. 72, 39–53 (2002).

CAVEATS OF FLUORESCENCE-BASED DATA Measurements taken near the water's surface may be less accurate due to quenching of photosynthetic pigments at high light intensities, such as might be experienced at shallow depths.

Due to differences in water color among different water bodies, a universal yellow substances offset may not be appropriate for all sampled water bodies. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the reservoirs reported here tends to be low (2-5 mgL), but direct comparisons of phytoplankton biomass values among reservoirs should be treated with caution. Measurements taken near the bottom of the water column or during high-turbidity events may be less accurate due to interference of high amounts of particulate matter with the fluorescence signal.

TEMPERATURE DATA The temperature sensor was malfunctioning in 2017-2018 and so the 2017-2018 temperature data are not reported at this time. In addition, three days of data in 2019 and one day in 2020 have compromised temperature data: 02Sept19, 04Sept19, 11Sept19, and 24Aug20. Note that temperatures at shallow depths may be less accurate as the sensor adjusts to the water temperature. It is recommended that temperature values in the first ~1 m of the water column be treated with caution.

TRANSMISSION DATA On 28Aug19, the transmission sensor malfunctioned and so values from this point on in 2019 are not reported.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Individual: Mary E. Lofton
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
melofton@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-1330
Individual: Whitney M. Woelmer
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
wwoelmer@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-3877
Individual: Kathleen D. Hamre
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
kdhamre@vt.edu
Individual: Adrienne Breef-Pilz
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
abreefpilz@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-0063
Contacts:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2014-05-04
End:
2021-12-06
Geographic Region:
Description:Beaverdam Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.322865Southern:  37.311961
Western:  -79.824834Eastern:  -79.813848
Geographic Region:
Description:Carvins Cove Reservoir is located in Roanoke, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.409127Southern:  37.365345
Western:  -79.978642Eastern:  -79.944052
Geographic Region:
Description:Falling Creek Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.309589Southern:  37.30266
Western:  -79.839249Eastern:  -79.836009
Geographic Region:
Description:Gatewood Reservoir is located in Pulaski, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.054358Southern:  37.03819
Western:  -80.89188Eastern:  -80.858492
Geographic Region:
Description:Spring Hollow Reservoir is located in Salem, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.231092Southern:  37.217594
Western:  -80.179076Eastern:  -80.170407

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Western Virginia Water Authority
Related Project:
Title:Dynamics of coupled P-Fe-Mn cycling in drinking water reservoirs and implications for water quality
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Virginia Tech Global Change Center
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Fralin Life Sciences Institute
Related Project:
Title:SCC-IRG Track 2: Resilient Water Systems: Integrating Environmental Sensor Networks and Real-Time Forecasting to Adaptively Manage Drinking Water Quality and Build Social Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1737424
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Consequences of changing oxygen availability for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1753639
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation DBI-1933016
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Renato J. Figueiredo
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
renato@acis.ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-6060
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation DBI-1933102

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

ADDITIONAL NOTES From 2013 to 2019, multiple whole-ecosystem manipulations were conducted at Falling Creek Reservoir. These manipulations include intermittent operation of hypolimnetic oxygenation and pulsed epilimnetic mixing engineering systems. For a detailed description of the hypolimnetic oxygenation engineered system, see Gerling et al. (2014) and for a detailed description of the epilimnetic mixing engineered system, see Chen et al. (2017). These systems were operated over time following Table 1 in Gerling et al. (2016), Table 1 in Munger et al. (2016), Table 2 in McClure et al. (2018), and Table SI.1 in Hounshell et al. (2020). Additional hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing events not currently detailed in peer-reviewed articles are listed below:

2017 EM was activated on 29 May and from 10-12 July.

2019 HOx was activated during the following time periods: 03 June to 17 June, 08 July to 22 July, 05 August to 19 August, 02 September to 20 November.

2020 HOx was activated during the following time periods: 29 June to 11 September, 25 September to 02 December.

2021 HOx was activated on 11 June but malfunctioned. It was fixed 14 September and operated from 14 September to 06 December.

Chen, S., C. Lei, C.C. Carey, P.A. Gantzer, and J.C. Little. 2017. Predicting hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing in a shallow eutrophic reservoir using a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Water Resources Research. 53: 470-484. DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019279 Gerling, A.B., Browne, R.G., Gantzer, P.A., Mobley, M.H., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Water Research. 67: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002 Gerling, A.B., Z.W. Munger, J.P. Doubek, K.D. Hamre, P.A. Gantzer, J.C. Little, and C.C. Carey. 2016. Whole-catchment manipulations of internal and external loading reveal the sensitivity of a century-old reservoir to hypoxia. Ecosystems. 19:555-571. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9951-0 Hounshell, A.G., McClure, R.P., Lofton, M.E., and C.C. Carey. 2020. Whole-ecosystem oxygenation experiments reveal substantially greater hypolimnetic methane concentrations in reservoirs during anoxia. Limnology and Oceanography Letters. DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10173 McClure, R.P., K.D. Hamre, B.R. Niederlehner, Z.W. Munger, S. Chen, M.E. Lofton, M.E. Schreiber, and C.C. Carey. 2018 Metalimnetic oxygen minima alter the vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in a managed freshwater reservoir. Science of the Total Environment 636: 610-620. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.255 Munger, Z.W., C.C. Carey, A.B. Gerling, K.D. Hamre, J.P. Doubek, S.D. Klepatzki, R.P. McClure, and M.E. Schreiber. 2016. Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir. Water Research. 106: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.038.

AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT CCC developed and led the reservoir monitoring program 2013-present, and oversaw FluoroProbe purchasing, use, and maintenance throughout this time. MEL was the point person for instrument maintenance, troubleshooting, and data collation from 2016-2021 and led data publication during this time. WMW was the point person from June-October 2020 and led instrument maintenance and troubleshooting for the summer 2020 field season. KDH was the point person for 2014-2015. ABP led the 2021 field season, downloaded FluoroProbe sensor data regularly, and oversaw daily use of the instrument, including maintaining battery charge.

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'relativeFluorescenceUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'relativeFluorescenceUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'measurement of the relative amount of fluorescence excitation detected in response to particular wavelength of light'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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