Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Time series of high-frequency profiles of depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, photosynthetic active radiation, and descent rate for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in Southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2020

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.128.1
Title:Time series of high-frequency profiles of depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, photosynthetic active radiation, and descent rate for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in Southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2020
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Depth profiles of depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, turbidity were collected with a CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) profiler fitted with a SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor and an ECO Triplet Fluorometer and Backscattering Sensor from 2013 to 2020. From 2017-2020, pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were also collected with a SBE 27 pH and O.R.P. (redox) sensor. CTD profiles were collected in five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. All variables were measured every 0.25 seconds, resulting in depth profiles at approximately ten centimeter resolution. The five study reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the town of Pulaski, Virginia. The dataset consists of CTD depth profiles measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam as well as other reservoir sites on a transect upstream in Carvins Cove Reservoir and Falling Creek Reservoir. The profiles were collected approximately fortnightly in the spring months, weekly in the summer and early autumn, and monthly in the late autumn and winter. Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, and Falling Creek Reservoir were sampled every year in the dataset (2013-2020); Spring Hollow Reservoir was not in sampled in 2018 or 2020; and Gatewood Reservoir was only sampled in 2016.

Publication Date:2021-01-15

Time Period
Begin:
2013-03-07
End:
2020-12-31

People and Organizations
Contact:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech) [  email ]
Creator:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Lewis, Abigail S. L. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:McClure, Ryan P. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Gerling, Alexandra B. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Chen, Shengyang (University of Sydney)
Creator:Das, Arpita (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Doubek, Jonathan P. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Howard, Dexter W. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Lofton, Mary E. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Hamre, Kathleen D. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Wander, Heather L. (Virginia Tech)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
CTD dataset 2013-2020
Description:
Reservoir CTD dataset
Other Name:
CTD QAQC script
Description:
QAQC script for reference
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/128/1/d771f5e9956304424c3bc0a39298a5ce
Name:CTD dataset 2013-2020
Description:Reservoir CTD dataset
Number of Records:912961
Number of Columns:25

Table Structure
Object Name:CTD_final_2013_2020.csv
Size:109792296 bytes
Authentication:42b59f1ff5f0373e9240ccc74153821b Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Reservoir  
Site  
Date  
Depth_m  
Temp_C  
DO_mgL  
DO_pSat  
Cond_uScm  
Spec_Cond_uScm  
Chla_ugL  
Turb_NTU  
pH  
ORP_mV  
PAR_umolm2s  
Desc_rate  
Flag_Temp  
Flag_DO  
Flag_Cond  
Flag_SpecCond  
Flag_Chla  
Flag_Turb  
Flag_pH  
Flag_ORP  
Flag_PAR  
Flag_DescRate  
Definition:Three-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoirSampling site within each reservoir"Date and time of sampling. All data were collected in the eastern time zone of the U.S.A., with daylight savings time observed"Water depth where the sample was collected or sensor reading was measuredWater temperatureDissolved oxygen (DO) concentrationDissolved oxygen (DO) percent saturationConductivitySpecific conductance; conductivity normalized to 20 degrees celsiusChlorophyll aTurbidityWater pHReduction potentialPhotosynthetically active radiationDescent rate"Data flag for temperature; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for conductivity; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for specific conductivity; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for chlorophyll a0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for turbidity; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for pH; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for ORP; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)""Data flag for descent rate; 0=Not suspect, 1=Sample not taken, 2=Instrument malfunction, 3=Sample below detection,4=Negative value set to 0,5=No sensor on CTD,6=Measurement removed (above water)"
Storage Type:string  
float  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalratiodateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeBVR
DefinitionBeaverdam Reservoir
Source
Code Definition
CodeCCR
DefinitionCarvins Cove Reservoir
Source
Code Definition
CodeFCR
DefinitionFalling Creek Reservoir
Source
Code Definition
CodeGWR
DefinitionGatewood Reservoir
Source
Code Definition
CodeSHR
DefinitionSpring Hollow Reservoir
Source
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min10 
Max50 
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision
Unitmeter
Typereal
Min-0.774 
Max63.797 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min2.2541 
Max37.8602 
UnitmilligramsPerLiter
Typereal
Min-0.31029 
Max18.56988 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min
Max193.164 
UnitmicroSiemenPerCentimeter
Typereal
Min
Max658.933835 
UnitmicroSiemenPerCentimeter
Typereal
Min4.774 
Max366.724 
UnitmicrogramsPerLiter
Typereal
Min
Max258.2027 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min-2.9132 
Max1093.3846 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min5.534 
Max16.439 
Unitmillivolt
Typereal
Min-199.6711 
Max853.5177 
UnitmicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Typereal
Min-591 
Max10592 
UnitmetersPerSecond
Typereal
Min-4.207 
Max4.787 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Missing Value Code:      
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
CodeNA
ExplNo data
                   
Accuracy Report:                                                  
Accuracy Assessment:                                                  
Coverage:                                                  
Methods:                                                  

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:CTD QAQC script
Entity Type:unknown
Description:QAQC script for reference
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:CTD_forEDI_ASL.Rmd
Size:18229 bytes
Authentication:ae69fbc1df5f537d6fe987833c9aad2a Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/x-markdown
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/128/1/708e55148d772d768bd9106984c3bfd9

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)Carey Lab, Virginia Tech, Lake, Reservoir, High-frequency Sensors, "Temperature, sensor", "Oxygen, Dissolved", Conductivity, Specific conductivity, Photosynthetic active radiation, Chlorophyll a, Turbidity, pH, Reduction Potential, Western Virginia Water Authority, Falling Creek Reservoir

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Depth profiles of multiple water-quality variables were collected from 2013 through 2020 using a Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) profiler from SeaBird Electronics (SBE, Bellevue Washington, USA). Profiles were collected, at minimum, monthly between May to October (usually weekly or subweekly), and bimonthly between November to April. Most CTD casts were collected from 9:00 to 15:00, however, some CTD casts were collected at night. Above water temperature and PAR are included in the dataset for 2018–2020, and are denoted with a negative depth measurement that indicate the distance above the surface of the reservoir.

The CTD was calibrated by the manufacturer yearly (usually in December-February) according to the standards and practices of SBE and the companies with secondary sensors coupled to the instrument.

INSTRUMENTS, MANUAL, AND SERIAL NUMBERS USED BETWEEN 2013 - 2020

Multiple sensors and instruments were added over time; below we note changes in the CTD software, sensor versions, and provide links to the accompanying instrument manuals.

Seacat 19Plus V 1.6 SERIAL NO. 4397 2013 - 2016 http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/19plus_018_0.pdf

Sea-Bird SBE19Plus V2 SERIAL NO. 7809 2017 - 2020 http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/19plusV2_015.pdf

For CTD processing, refer to the SeaBird Data processing manual. http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/SBEDataProcessing_7.26.7.pdf

SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SERIAL NO. 0434 2013 - 2020 http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/appnote64Jun13.pdf

FluoroWetlabECO_AFL_FL_Sensor SERIAL NO. 2496 2013 - 2020

Turbidity Meter WET Labs ECO-NTU SERIAL NO. 2496 2013 - 2020 http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/manual-ECOMasterben.pdf

OxidationReductionPotentialSensor SensorID = 41 SERIAL NO. 0363 2017 - 2020 http://www.seabird.com/sites/default/files/documents/appnote18-1Sep14.pdf

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Sensor SERIAL NO. 1122 2017 - 2020 https://www.seabird.com/product.detail-print.version.jsa?id=54627923891

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Creators:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Individual: Abigail S. L. Lewis
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
aslewis@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-4542
Individual: Ryan P. McClure
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
ryan333@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-3852
Individual: Alexandra B. Gerling
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
alexg13@vt.edu
Individual: Shengyang Chen
Organization:University of Sydney
Email Address:
shengyang.chen@sydney.edu.au
Individual: Arpita Das
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
arpitadas@vt.edu
Individual: Jonathan P. Doubek
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
jpdoubek@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-4715
Individual: Dexter W. Howard
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
dwh1998@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-2149
Individual: Mary E. Lofton
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
melofton@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-1330
Individual: Kathleen D. Hamre
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
kdhamre@vt.edu
Individual: Heather L. Wander
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
hwander@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-6045
Contacts:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2013-03-07
End:
2020-12-31
Geographic Region:
Description:"Beaverdam Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA"
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.322865Southern:  37.311961
Western:  -79.824834Eastern:  -79.813848
Geographic Region:
Description:"Carvins Cove Reservoir is located in Roanoke, Virginia, USA"
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.409127Southern:  37.365345
Western:  -79.978642Eastern:  -79.944052
Geographic Region:
Description:"Falling Creek Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA"
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.309589Southern:  37.30266
Western:  -79.839249Eastern:  -79.836009
Geographic Region:
Description:"Gatewood Reservoir is located in Pulaski, Virginia, USA"
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.054358Southern:  37.03819
Western:  -80.89188Eastern:  -80.858492
Geographic Region:
Description:"Spring Hollow Reservoir is located in Salem, Virginia, USA"
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.231092Southern:  37.217594
Western:  -80.179076Eastern:  -80.170407

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Western Virginia Water Authority
Related Project:
Title:Dynamics of coupled P-Fe-Mn cycling in drinking water reservoirs and implications for water quality
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Virginia Tech Global Change Center
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Fralin Life Sciences Institute
Related Project:
Title:SCC-IRG Track 2: Resilient Water Systems: Integrating Environmental Sensor Networks and Real-Time Forecasting to Adaptively Manage Drinking Water Quality and Build Social Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1737424
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Consequences of changing oxygen availability for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1753639
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation DBI-1933016
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Renato J. Figueiredo
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
renato@ece.ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation DBI-1933016

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

From 2013 to 2020, multiple whole-ecosystem manipulations were conducted at Falling Creek Reservoir. These manipulations include intermittent operation of hypolimnetic oxygenation and pulsed epilimnetic mixing engineering systems. For a detailed description of the hypolimnetic oxygenation engineered system, see Gerling et al. (2014) and for a detailed description of the epilimnetic mixing engineered system, see Chen et al. (2017). These systems were operated over time following Table 1 in Gerling et al. (2016), Table 1 in Munger et al. (2016), and Table 2 in McClure et al. (2018).

Chen, S., C. Lei, C.C. Carey, and J.C. Little. 2016. Modelling the effect of artificial mixing on thermal stability and substance transport in a drinking-water reservoir using a 3D hydrodynamic model. Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference. Perth, Australia, 5-8 December 2016. Chen, S., C. Lei, C.C. Carey, P.A. Gantzer, and J.C. Little. 2017. Predicting hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing in a shallow eutrophic reservoir using a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Water Resources Research. 53: 470-484. DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019279 Gerling, A.B., Browne, R.G., Gantzer, P.A., Mobley, M.H., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Water Research. 67: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002 Gerling, A.B., Z.W. Munger, J.P. Doubek, K.D. Hamre, P.A. Gantzer, J.C. Little, and C.C. Carey. 2016. Whole-catchment manipulations of internal and external loading reveal the sensitivity of a century-old reservoir to hypoxia. Ecosystems. 19:555-571. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9951-0 McClure, R.P., K.D. Hamre, B.R. Niederlehner, Z.W. Munger, S. Chen, M.E. Lofton, M.E. Schreiber, and C.C. Carey. 2018 Metalimnetic oxygen minima alter the vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in a managed freshwater reservoir. Science of the Total Environment 636: 610-620. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.255 Munger, Z.W., C.C. Carey, A.B. Gerling, K.D. Hamre, J.P. Doubek, S.D. Klepatzki, R.P. McClure, and M.E. Schreiber. 2016. Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir. Water Research. 106: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.038.

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1.00E-04'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'microSiemenPerCentimeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'siemenPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'conductance'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '0.0864'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'molePerMeterSquaredPerDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'arealMassDensityRate'
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        |     |     |     |     |___text 'micromole per meter squared per second'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
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