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Datasets for: A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.1297.2
Title:Datasets for: A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

These are the datasets used to create all figures included in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’. The review presents a comprehensive global description of the body of current knowledge on pyrosomes, a zooplanktonic tunicate taxon closely related to salps, doliolids, and appendicularians.

For review analyses, we used pyrosome observations and associated information from literature-published studies, the BCO-DMO Jellyfish Database Initiative (JeDI; Condon et al., 2014; https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526852), the NOAA COPEPOD Urochordates database (NOAA, 2022; https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/atlas/html/taxatlas_4350000.html), MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a (Melin, 2013; https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/d6f9abd9-777c-4a0c-a5f7-669612f83307), and NOAA Optimal Interpolation sea surface temperature (NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations; https://www.psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html). This metadata record and associated files are the subset, adjusted files we used from each of those databases.

We include a two-part MATLAB script that can be run to reproduce all figures in the manuscript. Figures include: 1) Locations of all pyrosome observations, from literature studies, JeDI, and COPEPOD; 2) Temperature and chlorophyll-a 'habitat envelopes' for pyrosome observations. Note that we plot separate envelopes: i) JeDI+COPEPOD observations versus NOAA OISST and MODIS-AQUA Chl-a, and ii) literature observations versus their corresponding measured in situ temperature and chlorophyll-a values; 3) Depths and DVM distances of pyrosome observations from JeDI and literature studies; S1) Number of pyrosome 'Presence' samples compared to total sampling effort from the COPEPOD database; and S2) Densities of pyrosome colonies in observations from COPEPOD and literature studies.

Publication Date:2023-01-13
For more information:
Visit: https://doi.org/10.0311/FK2/a15b7d558bb4b31686826a808f464d29
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
1790
End:
2021

People and Organizations
Contact:Lilly, Laura E.   [  email ]
Creator:Lilly, Laura E. 

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies_csv_1
Description:
Subset data table of all pyrosome observations from the BCO-DMO Jellyfish Database Initiative (JeDI; Condon et al. 2014). https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526852. Note that the .csv version only includes a subset of columns from the .mat version ('BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies.mat'), and is saved directly from the 'jdi_tbl' variable in MATLAB script 'Lilly_etal_PyrosomesReview_codePt1.m'. The .csv file version is NOT necessary to run the MATLAB script.
Data Table Name:
NOAA_COPEPOD_Urochordates
Description:
All samples of urochordate sightings archived in the NOAA COPEPOD Database. Source: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/atlas/html/taxatlas_4350000.html
Data Table Name:
LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_All
Description:
List of all pyrosome observations from literature studies used in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.
Data Table Name:
LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_DensityDepth
Description:
Subset of pyrosome observations from literature studies that include information on vertical depth (in water column) and colony density (number of colonies per m^3). Values are used to plot Figure 3 in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.
Other Name:
Lilly_etal_PyrosomesReview_codePt1
Description:
MATLAB script to run the first part of data read-in, reorganization, and mapping for Pyrosomes Review figures.
Other Name:
Lilly_etal_PyrosomesReview_codePt2
Description:
MATLAB script to code the second step in figure plotting for Pyrosomes Review: comparisons to habitat variables and plotting of habitat envelopes.
Other Name:
BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies_mat
Description:
Data table of all pyrosome observations from the BCO-DMO Jellyfish Database Initiative (JeDI; Condon et al. 2014). https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526852.
Other Name:
NOAA_OISST_longtermmean_1981_2010
Description:
NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature climatology (calculated from 1981-2010). Created Thu Sep 8 15:41:50 MDT 2011. Data: https://www.psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html. Created by NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center (DRM) from binary GrADS file http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/people/yxue/sstclim/ersst_oisst_1x1_clim_81-10.dat
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_01
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 1 (January). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_02
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 2 (February). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_03
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 3 (March). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_04
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 4 (April). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_05
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 5 (May). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_06
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 6 (June). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_07
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 7 (July). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_08
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 8 (August). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_09
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 9 (September). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_10
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 10 (October). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_11
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 11 (November). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Other Name:
GMIS_A_CHLA_12
Description:
GMIS MODIS-AQUA chlorophyll-a climatology (2002-2017) for Month 12 (December). Resolution: 9 km x 9 km. Units: log10 (mg m^-3). Data: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Metadata: http://gmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/satellite/9km/climatology/GMIS_A_CHLA.xml
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1297/2/021f5b17caac68c1845dfd4d8b9d11bb
Name:BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies_csv_1
Description:Subset data table of all pyrosome observations from the BCO-DMO Jellyfish Database Initiative (JeDI; Condon et al. 2014). https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526852. Note that the .csv version only includes a subset of columns from the .mat version ('BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies.mat'), and is saved directly from the 'jdi_tbl' variable in MATLAB script 'Lilly_etal_PyrosomesReview_codePt1.m'. The .csv file version is NOT necessary to run the MATLAB script.
Number of Records:429462
Number of Columns:24

Table Structure
Object Name:BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies_csv_1.csv
Size:65193970 byte
Authentication:cee01e6783831aa24ebb2c1a16f2cacb Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 Proj_TitleSub_Proj_TitleOwner_datasetLocationYearMonthDayLatLonTaxonRank_PhylumRank_GenusRank_SpeciesDepthDepth_upperDepth_lowerDensityDensity_intBiovolBiovol_intWWDWPres_AbsHabitat_data
Column Name:Proj_Title  
Sub_Proj_Title  
Owner_dataset  
Location  
Year  
Month  
Day  
Lat  
Lon  
Taxon  
Rank_Phylum  
Rank_Genus  
Rank_Species  
Depth  
Depth_upper  
Depth_lower  
Density  
Density_int  
Biovol  
Biovol_int  
WW  
DW  
Pres_Abs  
Habitat_data  
Definition:Main portion of original project name or regional descriptionSub-title of project that sample belongs toDataset owner (institution)Description of sample regionYear of sampleMonth of year of samplingday of month of samplingSample latitude in decimal degreesSample longitude in decimal degreesTaxonomic groupingTaxonomic phylum nameTaxonomic genus nameTaxonomic species nameSampling depthUsed for determining integrated sample unitsUsed for determining integrated sample unitsnumber of individuals per cubic meter sampledepth integrated number of individuals per cubic meter sampleDisplacement volume of sampleDepth integrated biovolumeSample wet weightsample dry weightIndication of presence or absence of a targeted specieshabitat data available
Storage Type:string  
string  
string  
string  
dateTime  
dateTime  
dateTime  
float  
float  
string  
string  
string  
string  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:nominalnominalnominalnominaldateTimedateTimedateTimeratiorationominalnominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
DefinitionMain portion of original project name or regional description
DefinitionSub-title of project that sample belongs to
DefinitionDataset owner (institution)
DefinitionDescription of sample region
FormatYYYY
Precision
FormatMM
Precision
FormatDD
Precision
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
DefinitionTaxonomic grouping
DefinitionTaxonomic phylum name
DefinitionTaxonomic genus name
DefinitionTaxonomic species name
Unitmeter
Typereal
Unitmeter
Typereal
Unitmeter
Typereal
UnitVariable
Typereal
UnitVariable
Typereal
UnitmillimeterPerMeterCubed
Typereal
UnitmillimeterPerMeterCubed
Typereal
UnitgramPerMeterCubed
Typereal
UnitgramPerMeterCubed
Typereal
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codeabsent
Definitionspecies absent
Source
Code Definition
Codepresent
Definitionspecies present
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codend
Definitionno data
Source
Code Definition
Codeno
Definitionno habitat data
Source
Code Definition
CodeNo
Definitionno habitat data
Source
Code Definition
Codeyes
Definitionhabitat data
Source
Code Definition
CodeYes
Definitionhabitat data
Source
Missing Value Code:
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
CodeNaN
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
Codend
Explno data
  
Accuracy Report:                                                
Accuracy Assessment:                                                
Coverage:                                                
Methods:                                                

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1297/2/0a08d3b319ec1a46a891918e17393034
Name:NOAA_COPEPOD_Urochordates
Description:All samples of urochordate sightings archived in the NOAA COPEPOD Database. Source: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/atlas/html/taxatlas_4350000.html
Number of Records:57959
Number of Columns:46

Table Structure
Object Name:NOAA_COPEPOD_Urochordates.csv
Size:14671076 byte
Authentication:caae0b7823505320d570d77f919782f0 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:SHP_CRUISE  
YEAR  
MON  
DAY  
TIMEgmt  
TIMEloc  
LATITUDE  
LONGITDE  
UPPER_Z  
LOWER_Z  
T  
GEAR  
MESH  
NMFS_PGC  
ITIS_TSN  
MOD  
LIF  
PSC  
SEX  
V  
Water_Strained  
Original_VALUE  
Orig_UNITS  
VALUE_per_volu  
volume_UNITS  
1_F1  
1_F2  
1_F3  
1_F4  
VALUE_per_area  
area_UNITS  
2_F1  
2_F2  
2_F3  
2_F4  
SCIENTIFIC_NAME  
RECORD_ID  
DATASET_ID  
SHIP  
PROJ  
INST  
BLNK  
NUM  
SCI_NAME_2  
BOX  
BLNK2  
Definition:NODC ship code + COPEPOD internal cruise identifier + date, labeled as two-number-two-character ship-cruise identifier followed by six-number date label (NNLL-YYMMDD)Year of sampleMonth of sample, as numericDay (GMT-based) of sample, as numericGMT time of sampleLocal time of sampleLatitude of sample in decimal degreesLongitude of sample in decimal degreesUpper depth of sampleLower depth of sampleTow type (V = Vertical, H = Horizontal, O = Oblique)Towing gear typeNet mesh sizeCOPEPOD Plankton Grouping Code (PGC) for the observationITIS Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN) or COPEPOD identifier (iff < 0)taxonomic modifier, such as "sp.", "spp.", or "unknown"plankton lifestage, such as "adult", "nauplius", or "veliger"COPEPOD Plankton [Life] Staging Code for the observation: 0 = Unspecified; 1 = adult/sub-adult; 2 = juvenile/larvae; 3 = nauplius-like; 4 = eggs; 5 = incomplete body fragmentsplankton sex, if provided ( 1=male, 2=female, 3+ = https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/codes/copecode-taxameta.sex.htmlType of (V)alue measurement in the Value fields: c = Number Count (e.g., number of species "X"); r = Relative Abundance code (e.g., "absent", "present", "common"); b = Total Net-haul Biomass Value; t = Individual Taxa biomass or biovolume (value for that specific group or species)volume of water sampled by bottle or flow meterthis is the original measured value this is the original units for the original value provided abovestandardized "per-water-volume" count or biomass measurement of the observationUnits for the VALUE-per-volu[me] above ( "#/m3" for zooplankton, "#/mL" for phytoplankton )COPEPOD-2010 global-annual range flag for the per-volu[me] valueCOPEPOD-2010 basin-annual range flag for the per-volu[me] valueCOPEPOD-2010 basin-seasonal range flag for the per-volu[me] valueCOPEPOD-2010 basin-monthly range flag for the per-volu[me] valuestandardized "per-surface-area" count or biomass measurement of the observation These calculated "per area" values are currently in a testing state. While the calculations appear sound, range flagging has not been run on these values. Use these values at your own risk, with caution!Units of the count or biomass measurementplace-holder for future global-annual range flag for the per-area valueplace-holder for future basin-annual range flag for the per-area valueplace-holder for future basin-seasonal range flag for the per-area valueplace-holder for future basin-monthly range flag for the per-area value-[ descriptive modifiers ]- test description of the observationCOPEPOD unique record identifierCOPEPOD data set identifiersampling ship (vessel) identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.htmlassociated project identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.htmlassociated institute identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.htmlBlank columnNumerical identifier (unknown)Secondary scientific name with -[ descriptive modifiers ]-Unknown fieldBlank field (unknown)
Storage Type:string  
     float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
       float  
float  
   float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
   string  
   string  
   string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
     string  
string  
string  
string  
                      
Measurement Type:nominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalratiorationominalratioratioratioratiorationominalnominalrationominalrationominalnominalnominalnominalnominalrationominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
DefinitionNODC ship code + COPEPOD internal cruise identifier + date, labeled as two-number-two-character ship-cruise identifier followed by six-number date label (NNLL-YYMMDD)
UnitYear
Typereal
UnitnominalMonth
Typereal
UnitnominalDay
Typereal
UnithourDecimal
Typereal
UnithourDecimal
Typereal
UnitdegreesDecimal
Typereal
UnitdegreesDecimal
Typereal
Unitmegawatt
Typereal
Unitmeter
Typereal
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeV
DefinitionVertical
Source
Code Definition
CodeH
DefinitionHorizontal
Source
Code Definition
CodeO
DefinitionOblique
Source
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
Unitmicrometer
Typereal
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code4357500
DefinitionUrochordates group
Source
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
UnitnumericCode
Typewhole
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codec
DefinitionNumber Count (e.g., number of species "X")
Source
Code Definition
Coder
DefinitionRelative Abundance code (e.g., "absent", "present", "common")
Source
Code Definition
Codet
DefinitionIndividual Taxa biomass or biovolume (value for that specific group or species)
Source
Definitionvolume of water sampled by bottle or flow meter
UnitprovidedNext
Typereal
Definitionthis is the original units for the original value provided above
UnitprovidedNext
Typereal
DefinitionUnits for the VALUE-per-volu[me] above ( "#/m3" for zooplankton, "#/mL" for phytoplankton )
DefinitionCOPEPOD-2010 global-annual range flag for the per-volu[me] value
DefinitionCOPEPOD-2010 basin-annual range flag for the per-volu[me] value
DefinitionCOPEPOD-2010 basin-seasonal range flag for the per-volu[me] value
DefinitionCOPEPOD-2010 basin-monthly range flag for the per-volu[me] value
UnitprovidedNext
Typereal
DefinitionUnits of the count or biomass measurement
Definitionplace-holder for future global-annual range flag for the per-area value
Definitionplace-holder for future basin-annual range flag for the per-area value
Definitionplace-holder for future basin-seasonal range flag for the per-area value
Definitionplace-holder for future basin-monthly range flag for the per-area value
Definition-[ descriptive modifiers ]- test description of the observation
DefinitionCOPEPOD unique record identifier
DefinitionCOPEPOD data set identifier
Definitionsampling ship (vessel) identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.html
Definitionassociated project identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.html
Definitionassociated institute identifier: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/documentation/short-format_description.html
DefinitionBlank column
DefinitionNumerical identifier (unknown)
DefinitionSecondary scientific name with -[ descriptive modifiers ]-
DefinitionUnknown field
DefinitionBlank field (unknown)
Missing Value Code:          
Code-99.000
ExplUsed where no data value exists
        
Codend
ExplUsed where no data value exists
Codend
ExplUsed where no data value exists
                      
Coden/a
Explnot available
Codenull
Explno data
          
Coden/a
Explnot available
Codenull
Explno data
                                
Accuracy Report:                                                                                            
Accuracy Assessment:                                                                                            
Coverage:                                                                                            
Methods:                                                                                            

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1297/2/c3b26b387614ea487990ec49f493aecc
Name:LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_All
Description:List of all pyrosome observations from literature studies used in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.
Number of Records:43
Number of Columns:8

Table Structure
Object Name:LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_All.csv
Size:2962 byte
Authentication:2a55b73736c3bab8ba01619db28551e1 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 SpeciesCitationCategoryMap_keyYearMonLat_NLon_E
Column Name:Species  
Citation  
Category  
Map_key  
Year  
Mon  
Lat_N  
Lon_E  
Definition:Species identified in sampleLiterature reference for observationType of observation: Pelagic bloom, Benthic fall, or individual Colony observation (<10 colonies OR unknown number)Letter-number identifier for each observation in Figures 1, 3, and S2 of Lilly et al. (in review).Year of sampleMonth of sampleLatitude of sample in decimal degreesLongitude of sample in decimal degrees
Storage Type:string  
string  
string  
string  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalnominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodePyrosoma_aherniosum
DefinitionSpecies Pyrosoma aherniosum
Source
Code Definition
CodePyrosoma_atlanticum
DefinitionSpecies Pyrosoma atlanticum
Source
Code Definition
CodePyrosoma_spp
DefinitionGenus Pyrosoma spp.
Source
Code Definition
CodePyrosomella_verticillata
DefinitionSpecies Pyrosomella verticillata
Source
Code Definition
CodePyrostremma_spinosum
DefinitionSpecies Pyrostremma spinosum
Source
DefinitionLiterature reference for observation
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeBenthic
DefinitionPyrosome observations reported as benthic falls
Source
Code Definition
CodeColony_ind
DefinitionPyrosome observations reported as <10 colonies OR unknown density of colonies (but not defined as a 'bloom')
Source
Code Definition
CodePelagic
DefinitionPyrosome observations reported as pelagic 'blooms' or 'swarms' (exact terms used)
Source
DefinitionLetter-number identifier for each observation in Figures 1, 3, and S2 of Lilly et al. (in review).
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Accuracy Assessment:                
Coverage:                
Methods:                

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1297/2/283f3f82cf4a6fb63dffb9e0623727ea
Name:LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_DensityDepth
Description:Subset of pyrosome observations from literature studies that include information on vertical depth (in water column) and colony density (number of colonies per m^3). Values are used to plot Figure 3 in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.
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Citation  
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Category  
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Density_upper_col_m3  
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Lon_E  
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Depth_mid_night  
Depth_mid_notime  
Depth_min_benth  
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Allowed Values and Definitions
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Code Definition
CodePyrosoma_atlanticum
DefinitionSpecies Pyrosoma atlanticum
Source
DefinitionLiterature reference for observation
DefinitionLetter-number identifier for each observation in Figures 1, 3, and S2 of Lilly et al. (in review).
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeBenthic
DefinitionPyrosome observations reported as benthic falls
Source
Code Definition
CodeDepth_only
DefinitionOnly a Depth value was reported (no 'Density' value)
Source
Code Definition
CodeHigh
DefinitionDensity reported in the study as 'High' OR as the only reported density. Usually >10 colonies per m3
Source
Code Definition
CodeLow
DefinitionDensity (secondary) reported in the study as 'low'; usually <5 colonies per m3. Where only one density is reported, the 'Low' value is left blank.
Source
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UnitnumColMeterCubed
Typereal
UnitnumColMeterCubed
Typereal
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Typereal
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Accuracy Assessment:                            
Coverage:                            
Methods:                            

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DefinitionRaw counts from respective survey
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UnitmillimeterPerMeterSquared
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DefinitionIndication of presence or absence of a targeted species, via 'present' or 'absent'
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Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website https://portal.edirepository.org (herein "website") in the summary metadata page. Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. This data package (and its components) is made available "as is" and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the website shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation or misuse of the data package or its components. Periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)Pyrosoma atlanticum, Habitat envelope, Global distribution, Pyrostremma spinosum, Literature review, Pyrosome

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

NOAA OI SST v2: The climatology ofglobal sea surface temperature data (resolution 1 deg x 1 deg) was obtained from the NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations Optimum Interpolation SST v2: https://www.psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html. The Monthly Long-Term Mean SST dataset was used (1981-2010 climatology). The dataset was downloaded as a NetCDF (.nc) file and incorporated directly into the associated two-part MATLAB script for plotting pyrosome temperature envelopes.

Description:

MODIS-AQUA Chlorophyll-a: The climatology of global sea surface chlorophyll-a (9 km x 9 km resolution) was obtained from GMIS MODIS-AQUA (available through the European Commission Joint Research Centre Data Catalog): https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/10161412-a76c-42b0-b4e1-5fcccdc412b2. Files are 'GMIS_A_CHLA' for each month (1-12) of climatological data (2002-2017).

Description:

BCO-DMO Jellyfish Database Initiative (JeDI) Jellies dataset: This dataset of all 'jelly' taxa global observations was compiled by JeDI (Condon et al., 2014) on BCO-DMO: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526852. The dataset is inputted as a .mat file to the associated MATLAB scripts, and all pyrosome records are extracted, with their associated variables, for plotting. This dataset is also available as a .csv file, but the MATLAB scripts are only set up for the .mat version.

Description:

NOAA COPEPOD Urochordates dataset: This dataset of all Urochordate observations was compiled for the NOAA COPEPOD database: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/atlas/html/taxatlas_4350000.html. The .csv file of all Urochordate observations is inputted to the associated MATLAB script, and all Pyrosoma spp. observations are extracted, with their associated variables, for plotting.

Description:

Literature Studies: All pyrosome observations described in published literature studies have been compiled by Lilly et al. in 'LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_All.csv', with associated dates, positions, and references. The subset of those observations that includes vertical water column depth ('Depth') or colony density ('Density') information is included in 'LiteratureStudies_PyrosomeObs_DensityDepth.csv'. More information on all literature studies on pyrosomes is available in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.

Andersen, V., Sardou, J., 1994. Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata, Thaliacea): Diel migration and vertical distribution as a function of colony size. Journal of Plankton Research 16, 337-349.

Andersen, V., Sardou, J., Nival, P., 1992. The diel migrations and vertical distributions of zooplankton and micronekton in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. 2. Siphonophores, hydromedusae and pyrosomids. Journal of Plankton Research 14, 1155-1169.

Angel, M.V., Pugh, P.R., 2000. Quantification of diel vertical migration by micronektonic taxa in the northeast Atlantic. In: Jones, M.B., Azevedo, J.M.N., Neto, A.I., Costa, A.C., Frias Martins, A.M. (Eds.), Island, Ocean and Deep-Sea Biology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 161-179.

Archer, S.K., Kahn, A.S., Leys, S.P., Norgard, T., Girard, F., Du Preez, C., Dunham, A., 2018. Pyrosome consumption by benthic organisms during blooms in the northeast Pacific and Gulf of Mexico. Ecology 99 (4), 981-984.

de Carvalho, P.F., Bonecker, S.L.C., 2008. Tunicata, Thaliacea, Pyrosomatidae, Pyrosomella verticillata (Neumann, 1909): first record from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Check List 4 (3), 272-274.

Decima, M., Stukel, M.R., Lopez-Lopez, L., Landry, M.R., 2019. The unique ecological role of pyrosomes in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography 64 (2), 728-743.

Drits, A.V., Arashkevich, E.G., Semenova, T.N., 1992. Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata, Thaliacea): grazing impact on phytoplankton standing stock and role in organic carbon flux. Journal of Plankton Research 14 (6), 799-809.

Gauns, M., Mochemadkar, S., Pratihary, A., Roy, R., Naqvi, S.W.A., 2015. Biogeochemistry and ecology of Pyrosoma spinosum from the Central Arabian Sea. Zoological studies 54 (1), 1-17.

Grace, R.V., 1971. Giant Pyrosoma seen in New Zealand seas. Australian Natural History 17, 118-119.

Griffin, D.J.G., Yaldwyn, J.C., 1970. Giant colonies of pelagic tunicates (Pyrosoma spinosum) from SE Australia and New Zealand. Nature 226 (5244), 464-464.

Guerrero, E., Mecho, A., Golo, R., Raya, V., Pascual, M., Fuentes, V., Ziveri, P., Sabates, A., Gili, J.M., 2016. Pyrosoma atlanticum in the Mediterranean Sea: abundance and spatial distribution from extensive planktonic and benthic surveys. 5th International Jellyfish Bloom Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.

Henschke, N., Pakhomov, E.A., Kwong, L.E., Everett, J.D., Laiolo, L., Coghlan, A.R., Suthers, I.M., 2019. Large Vertical Migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 124 (5), 1056-1070.

Hurley, D.E., McKnight, D.G., 1959. Occurrence of Pyrosoma on the sea-floor 160 metres deep. Nature 183 (4660), 554-555.

Huxley, T.H., 1851. XXIV. Observations upon the anatomy and physiology of salpa and pyrosoma. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London 141, 567-593.

Kuo, C.Y., Fan, T.Y., Li, H.H., Lin, C.W., Liu, L.L., Kuo, F.W., 2015. An unusual bloom of the tunicate, Pyrosoma atlanticum, in southern Taiwan. Bulletin of Marine Science 91, 363-364.

Lavaniegos, B.E., Ohman, M.D., 2003. Long-term changes in pelagic tunicates of the California Current. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography 50 (14-16), 2473-2498.

Lebrato, M., Jones, D.O.B., 2009. Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast (West Africa). Limnology and Oceanography 54 (4), 1197-1209.

Lebrato, M., Molinero, J.C., Cartes, J.E., Lloris, D., Melin, F., Beni-Casadella, L., 2013. Sinking jelly-carbon unveils potential environmental variability along a continental margin. Plos One 8 (12), e82070.

Lyle, J.T., Cowen, R.K., Sponaugle, S., Sutherland, K.R., 2022. Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current. Journal of Plankton Research 44 (2), 288-302.

Marimuthu, N., Kandasamy, S.V., Chaudhury, N.R., 2021. Range extension of pyrosomes in oligotrophic waters of the Indian Ocean. CURRENT SCIENCE 120 (4), 605.

Miller, R.R., Santora, J.A., Auth, T.D., Sakuma, K.M., Wells, B.K., Field, J.C., Brodeur, R.D., 2019. Distribution of Pelagic Thaliaceans, Thetys vagina and Pyrosoma atlanticum, during a period of mass occurrence within the California Current. . CalCOFI Rep. 60, 94-108.

Nagabhushanam, A.K., 1960. Observations on some pelagic tunicates in coastal water of the Bay of Bengal. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India 2, 1-263.

O'Loughlin, J.H., Bernard, K.S., Daly, E.A., Zeman, S., Fisher, J.L., Brodeur, R.D., Hurst, T.P., 2020. Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current. Progress in Oceanography 102424.

Osborne, K.L., Hubbard, W.A., 2018. Underwater video mapping of benthic habitats in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts records the pelagic colonial pyrosome tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum. Northeastern Naturalist 25 (3).

Palma, S., Apablaza, P., 2004. Primer registro de Pyrosoma atlanticum Peron, 1804 en aguas costeras del Sistema de la Corriente de Humboldt (Tunicata, Thaliacea, Pyrosomatidae). Investigaciones marinas 32 (2), 133-136.

Perissinotto, R., Mayzaud, P., Nichols, P.D., Labat, J.P., 2007. Grazing by Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata, Thaliacea) in the south Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330, 1-11.

Perrault, J.R., 2019. Mercury and selenium concentrations in Scyphozoan jellyfishes and pyrosomes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Marine Pollution bulletin 138, 7-10.

Pitt, K., Lawley, J.W., Hinchliffe, C., Matis, P.A., Suthers, I.M., 2021. Assemblages of Gelatinous Zooplankton in Mesoscale Oceanographic Features in the Tropical-Temperate Transition Zone of a Western Boundary Current. Research Square.

Richoux, N.B., Froneman, P.W., 2009. Plankton trophodynamics at the subtropical convergence, Southern Ocean. Journal of Plankton Research 31 (9), 1059-1073.

Roe, H.S.J., Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., 1990. Benthic/midwater interactions on the Madeira Abyssal Plain; evidence for biological transport pathways. Progress in Oceanography 24 (1-4), 127-140.

Schram, J.B., Sorensen, H.L., Brodeur, R.D., Galloway, A.W., Sutherland, K.R., 2020. Abundance, distribution, and feeding ecology of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the Northern California Current. Marine Ecology Progress Series 651, 97-110.

Silva, C.A., 2003. Primer registro de Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata: Thaliacea) en las costas del Pacifico mexicano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51 (1), 276-277.

Stenvers, V.I., Hauss, H., Osborn, K.J., Neitzel, P., Merten, V., Scheer, S., Robison, B.H., Freitas, R., Hoving, H.J.T., 2021. Distribution, associations and role in the biological carbon pump of Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata, Thaliacea) off Cabo Verde, NE Atlantic. Scientific Reports 11 (1), 1-14.

Sutherland, K.R., Sorensen, H.L., Blondheim, O.N., Brodeur, R.D., Galloway, A.W.E., 2018. Range expansion of tropical pyrosomes in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Ecology 99 (10), 2397-2399.

Thompson, A.W., Ward, A.C., Sweeney, C.P., Sutherland, K.R., 2021. Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum). ISME Communications 1 (1), 1-10.

Tobena, M., Escanez, A., 2013. Registro de una agregacion de Pyrosoma atlanticum Peron 1804,(Thaliacea, Tunicata) en aguas de la isla de El Hierro, islas Canarias. Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc 25, 35-43.

Williams, A., Koslow, J.A., 1997. Species composition, biomass and vertical distribution of micronekton over the mid-slope region off southern Tasmania, Australia. Marine Biology 130 (2), 259-276.

Description:

Scripts for Figures: A two-part MATLAB script loads all of the described datasets and extracts the relevant subset variables to plot all figures included in: Lilly et al. (in review). A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’.

Description:
Data Source
NOAA_COPEPOD_Urochordates
Data Source
BCO_DMO_JeDI_Jellies

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual:Dr. Laura E. Lilly
Email Address:
lauralilly4@gmail.com
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-1545
Contacts:
Individual:Dr. Laura E. Lilly
Email Address:
lauralilly4@gmail.com
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-1545

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1790
End:
2021
Geographic Region:
Description:Global distributions of eight pyrosome species
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  90.0Southern:  -90.0
Western:  -180.0Eastern:  180.0
Taxonomic Range:
General Coverage:Order Pyrosomida; Sub-Families Pyrosomatinae and Pyrostremmatinae; Species: Pyrosoma atlanticum, Pyrosoma aherniosum, Pyrosoma ovatum, Pyrosoma godeauxi, Pyrostremma spinosum, Pyrostremma agassizi, Pyrosomella verticillata, Pyrosomella operculata.
Classification:
Rank Name:Order
Rank Value:Pyrosomida

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:A Global Review of Pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean’s elusive gelatinous ‘fire-bodies’
Personnel:
Individual: Laura E. Lilly
Organization:U.S. Fulbright Scholars Program
Position:Fulbright Futures Postdoctoral Fellow
Email Address:
lauralilly4@gmail.com
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-1545
Role:Study originator, study designer, dataset compiler, analyzer, writer
Individual: Iain M. Suthers
Organization:Center for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
Email Address:
I.Suthers@unsw.edu.au
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-7461
Role:Study designer, collaborator, writer
Individual: Jason D. Everett
Organization:Center for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
Email Address:
Jason.Everett@uq.edu.au
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-8054
Role:Collaborator, writer
Individual: Anthony J. Richardson
Organization:School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland
Email Address:
Anthony.Richardson@csiro.au
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-7366
Role:Study designer, collaborator, writer
Abstract:

Pyrosomes are colonial tunicates that form gelatinous, cylindrical tubes and occasionally produce dense bioluminescing swarms. The rapid ‘bloom-bust’ dynamics of pyrosomes have the potential to outcompete other zooplankton groups, restructure marine food webs, enhance carbon export pathways, and interfere with human activities. Pyrosomes have been recorded for over two centuries, yet much remains unknown about their physiology, bloom mechanisms, and ecosystem impacts. Recent increases in pyrosome observations worldwide prompts the question of whether blooms are increasing due to ocean changes. This review aims to clarify consensus information on pyrosome biology and ecology, and explores apparent contradictions in habitat preferences and diel vertical migration. We posit that one species, Pyrosoma atlanticum, may preferentially inhabit waters less than 18°C and alter its diel vertical migration activity to return to optimal conditions. Expanding our knowledge of pyrosomes is essential to facilitate their inclusion in ecosystem models and forecast future population distributions.

Additional Award Information:
Funder:Australian-American Fulbright Commission
Title:Fulbright Futures Postdoctoral Fellowship
Additional Award Information:
Funder:Australian Research Council
Number:DP190102293
Title:Discovery Project

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

These datasets were compiled and analyzed in 2022, with NO updates or ongoing analyses. Please see source sites for updates to original datasets.

Frequency:
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'degreesDecimal'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text '+ = North, - = South'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'hourDecimal'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'hourDecimal'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Hours plus fraction out of 60 min'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'providedNext'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'providedNext'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Units are provided in the next column'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'unitless'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'unitless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'degrees_east'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'degrees_east'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text '+ = East; - = West'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'degrees_north'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'degrees_north'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text '+ = North; - = South'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Month'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Month'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'MM (numeric)'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'numColMeterCubed'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'numColMeterCubed'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Number of colonies per m^3'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'HH:MM:SS'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'HH:MM:SS'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Hour (2 numericals):Minute (2 numericals): Second (2\n            numericals)'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'numericCode'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'numericCode'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text '1=male, 2=female, 3+ =\n            https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/codes/copecode-taxameta.sex.html'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'emlEditor'
        |     |        \___attribute 'app' = 'ezEML'
        |     |        \___attribute 'release' = '2023.01.04'
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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