Water transparency was quantified using a cosine-corrected
submersible radiometer. While being lowered slowly through the water column
from the surface to the bottom or a depth of 20 m, this instrument
simultaneously measured depth and downwelling irradiance of
three UVR wavelengths (305, 320, and 380 nm, measured as midpoint
of 8–10 nm wide bands encompassing >50% peak response
within the band), as well as PAR (400–700 nm) at approximately
0.25 s intervals. Diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) were estimated
for each wavelength as the slope of the log-linear portion of
the irradiance versus depth relationship.