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Relyea, R. A. 2003. How prey respond to combined predators: A review and an empirical test. Ecology 84:1827-1839.

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.1680.1
Title:Relyea, R. A. 2003. How prey respond to combined predators: A review and an empirical test. Ecology 84:1827-1839.
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Studies of phenotypic plasticity frequently ask how organisms respond to a change in their environment, but most organisms do not experience single environmental changes. Therefore, we need to move to the next step and understand how organisms respond to combinations of environmental changes. Recent studies of predator-induced plasticity have addressed how prey respond to different combinations of predators. I briefly review 22 studies of combined predator effects on prey phenotypes and identify four factors that make it difficult to interpret the results of these studies: (1) uncontrolled prey consumption, (2) a low number of prey traits, (3) a low number of predator combinations, and (4) confounded predator composition and total predator density.

I address these challenges in an experiment that examined how wood frog tadpoles (Rana sylvatica) altered 12 behavioral, morphological, and life historical traits in response to four different caged predators (Erythemis, Belostoma, Dytiscus, and Anax). The predators were present alone at low density, alone at high density (23), or combined into six pairwise combinations. When each predator was alone (at either low or high density), tadpoles

discriminated among different predators and produced predator-specific phenotypes. The doubling of predator density rarely induced more extreme prey phenotypes. When predators were combined, the tadpoles generally developed phenotypes that were similar to those induced by the more risky predator alone (90% of all traits examined, at either low or high density). These results suggest that tadpoles perceive the risk of combined predators as being similar to the risk of the most dangerous predator in the pair, and not as a summed or averaged predation risk. The actual risk from these predator combinations remains to be tested. This appears to be the first study to take a comprehensive approach that controls prey consumption, examines a large number of prey traits, uses a large number of predator combinations, and separates the effects of predator composition and predator density. There is a clear need for more such studies to determine whether these results can be generalized to other taxa.

Publication Date:2024-06-20
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2000
End:
2000

People and Organizations
Contact:Relyea, Rick A. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) [  email ]
Creator:Relyea, Rick A. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
Archived data
Description:
Wood frog survival, behavior, mass, and morphology
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1680/1/54930201d745c0e1c035b8053e6c0f00
Name:Archived data
Description:Wood frog survival, behavior, mass, and morphology
Number of Records:60
Number of Columns:16

Table Structure
Object Name:Archived data.csv
Size:6684 byte
Authentication:719a6c3a3bf0c33c92e9cf6918554598 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 TankTreatmentSurvivorsSurv_PrecentMean massMean growth rateNumb_SeenActivityMOUT_WIDBODY_WIDBODY_DEPBODY_LENMUSC_WIDMUSC_DEPTAIL_DEPTAIL_LEN
Column Name:Tank  
Treatment  
Survivors  
Surv_Precent  
Mean mass  
Mean growth rate  
Numb_Seen  
Activity  
MOUT_WID  
BODY_WID  
BODY_DEP  
BODY_LEN  
MUSC_WID  
MUSC_DEP  
TAIL_DEP  
TAIL_LEN  
Definition:Block & Tank #Predator cue treatmentSurviving tadpolesTadpole survival in percentMean individual tadpole massTadpole daily growth rateNumber of tadpoles observedTadpole activityMouth width-not mass adjustedBody width-not mass adjustedBody depth-not mass adjustedBody length-not mass adjustedTail muscle width-not mass adjustedTail muscle depth-not mass adjustedTail fin depth-not mass adjustedTail length-not mass adjusted
Storage Type:string  
string  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalnominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitiontext
Definitiontext
Unitnumber
Typereal
Unitpercent
Typereal
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Typereal
Unitg/day
Typereal
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Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
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Typereal
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Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Missing Value Code:                                
Accuracy Report:                                
Accuracy Assessment:                                
Coverage:                                
Methods:                                

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)anuran, behavior, phenotypic plasticity, anti-predator responses
LTER Controlled Vocabularymorphology

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

All methods are detailed in the publication:

Relyea, R. A. 2003. How prey respond to combined predators: A review and an empirical test. Ecology 84:1827-1839.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Rick A. Relyea
Organization:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Address:
Troy, NY 12180 US
Phone:
5182768342 (voice)
Email Address:
relyer@rpi.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-6950
Contacts:
Individual: Rick A. Relyea
Organization:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Address:
Troy, NY 12180 US
Phone:
5182768342 (voice)
Email Address:
relyer@rpi.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-6950

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2000
End:
2000
Sampling Site: 
Description:Pymatuning Lab of Ecology
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -80.455998Latitude (degree): 41.569669
Taxonomic Range:
Classification:
Rank Name:Species
Rank Value:Rana sylvatica

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:How prey respond to combined predators: A review and an empirical test
Personnel:
Individual: Rick A. Relyea
Organization:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Address:
Troy, NY 12180 US
Phone:
5182768342 (voice)
Email Address:
relyer@rpi.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-6950
Role:PI
Additional Award Information:
Funder:NSF
Title:Ecological and evolutionary impacts of pesticides on non-target organisms: A focus on amphibians

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

All data are final.

Frequency:
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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Additional Metadata

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