Data Package Metadata View Summary

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site in eastern Kentucky, 2022

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.1749.1

Title:

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site in eastern Kentucky, 2022

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

This package contains behavioral, demographic, and environmental data from a study investigating the role individual capture history plays in shaping foraging and defensive behaviors of eastern copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) at a ~0.1 hectare recreational site in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Wolfe county, Kentucky. Behavioral data was collected using a four-stage trial simulating in-situ encounters between humans and vipers, where each stage is scored on a 0-3 scale according to the most extreme behavior exhibited. Each individual's total score was the sum of scores in Stages 1-4. Snakes were located via nightly visual surveys of the site during copperheads' active season. Each copperhead was caught after the conclusion of its' behavioral trial, and demographic information including sex, mass, snout-vent length, and total length were recorded. For snakes that had been detected and tagged at this site previous, PIT tag ID and number of years the individual was previously recaptured were also recorded. Air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature at a depth of 3 cm were recorded. Within our study system, result suggest that copperheads' defensive response to human approach is best explained by individual capture history, as opposed to temperature or body size.

Publication Date:

2024-08-20

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2022-05-20

End:

2022-08-08

People and Organizations
Contact:	Stratton, James (University of Arkansas) [ email ]
Contact:	Richter, Stephen (Eastern Kentucky University) [ email ]
Creator:	Stratton, James (University of Arkansas)
Creator:	Richter, Stephen (Eastern Kentucky University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	Stratton_Richter_Raw_Data
Description:	Behavioral scores, nightly foraging documentation, and environmental and individual-level covariates from a study investigating the role individual capture history plays in shaping the defensive and foraging behavior of eastern copperheads.

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1749/1/a3d804ddb11babeac7d9f09651397159
Name:	Stratton_Richter_Raw_Data
Description:	Behavioral scores, nightly foraging documentation, and environmental and individual-level covariates from a study investigating the role individual capture history plays in shaping the defensive and foraging behavior of eastern copperheads.
Number of Records:	25
Number of Columns:	20

Table Structure

Object Name:

Stratton_Richter_Raw_Data.csv

Size:

2274 byte

Authentication:

1476360ea31dfbec7d73ae7c754d0ff3 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Date

Time

Trial

Body_Position

S1 Score

S2 Score

S3 Score

S4 Score

Total Score

PIT

Temp

Soil_temp

Humidity

Sex

Mass

SVL

Years_Recap

Nights_22

New_22

Column Name:

Date

Time

Trial

Body_Position

S1 Score

S2 Score

S3 Score

S4 Score

Total Score

PIT

Temp

Soil_temp

Humidity

Sex

Mass

SVL

Years_Recap

Nights_22

New_22

Definition:

Date

Time (Eastern Standard Time) in 24 hour format

Sequential variable tracking how many behavioral trials were conducted

Body position of the copperhead upon first location of the animal

Score received in the first stage of the behavioral trial

Score received in Stage 2 of the Behavioral Trial

Score received in Stage 3 of the behavioral trial

Score received in Stage 4 of the Behavioral Trial

Total score of each copperhead summed across all four stages of the behavioral trial

PIT Tag Number

Temperature

Soil temperature at 3 cm

Humidity

Sex

Copperhead mass

Snout-vent length

Total lenth

Number of years an individual copperhead has been recaptured

Number of nights an individual copperhead was detected foraging in 2022

Binary variable describing whether a copperhead was first detected at the site this summer (0) or in a previous field season (1)

Storage Type:

dateTime

integer

string

integer

float

string

float

integer

string

Measurement Type:

dateTime

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Format	YYYY-MM-DD
Precision

Format	hh:mm
Precision

Unit	Trial Number
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Coiled
Definition	Copperhead is in a typical crypsis coil when approached
Source

Code Definition

Code	Extended
Definition	Copperhead's body is in an extended position when first located
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	0
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	2
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	0
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	2
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	0
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	2
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	3
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	2
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	3
Source

Unit	Score
Type	integer
Min	0
Max	12

Unit	PIT Tag
Type	integer

Unit	fahrenheit
Type	real

Unit	fahrenheit
Type	real

Unit	Relative Humidity
Type	real

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	F
Definition	Female
Source

Code Definition

Code	M
Definition	Male
Source

Unit	gram
Type	real

Unit	centimeter
Type	real

Unit	centimeter
Type	real

Unit	Years
Type	integer

Unit	Nights
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	First year an individual was detected foraging at the site
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	Not the first year an individual has been detected foraging at the site.
Source

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	Defensive behavior, Human tolerance, copperhead, capture history, Viper

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Study Site:

Trials were conducted at Koomer Ridge Campground (KRC), a recreational site within the Daniel Boone National Forest, in Wolfe County, Kentucky, USA. Since 2015 this site has been used to study the foraging ecology of eastern copperheads as they become seasonally crepuscular to forage on emerging annual cicadas. The site is approximately 0.1 ha and is composed of a mowed understory with groves of trees, walking paths, a pit toilet, and several gravel camping pads.

Description:

Snake surveys:

Sampling occurred between 2045 and 0100. Copperheads were located through visual surveys of the site, searching the perimeter and interior simultaneously. The perimeter, defined as the margin between the site and forest plus a 3-m buffer, was surveyed using a circular transect. The interior was searched using a zig-zag pattern of visual surveys. At least three survey rounds were conducted each sampling night, and an additional one was added any time a new copperhead or cicada was located. At the end of the round, researchers turned off lights and waited silently for 5 minutes. Time, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature were recorded prior to the start of each round. We used the

Instrument(s):

High-powered headlamps (Fenix HP25R) Agratronix 4-in-1 Soil Tester Kestrel 3000 Windmeter Snake boots

Description:

Defensive behavior trial:

The behavioral trial involved four stages, each associated with increased predation risk. At each stage, responses, or lack thereof, were recorded and scored based on the most intense behavior displayed. Stages lasted 10 sec and continued until completion or until the snake fled. In Stage 1, we located a copperhead and approached to a distance of 3 m. In Stage 2, a mock human leg and boot were placed roughly 10 cm away from the snake. Stage 3 consisted of placing the boot on top of the snake, gently simulating someone stepping it. Stage 4 represented the highest predation risk, simulated by a mock human hand attempting to pick up the snake. Behavior exhibited in each stage was recorded and scored according to a 0-3 scale.

No visible response to the mock human stimulus was scored a 0. Avoidance behavior, scored as a 1, was subset into two categories: flight and movement away from stimulus. Movement away from stimulus was defined as a shift in the direction of movement away from the predatory stimulus that did not result in increased movement speed. Flight, defined as a change in direction of copperhead movement away from the human stimulus accompanied by a rapid increase in movement speed, resulted in the end of the trial and represented the snake abandoning a foraging opportunity at the site. Passive defensive behavior, including threat displays such as tail vibrations, musking, and recoiling into a striking coil are scored a 2. Active defensive behavior consisted of strikes and feint strikes, and were assigned the highest possible score of 3.

Instrument(s):

Snake tongs, either with a hiking boot or gardening glove on the end, were used to mimic a human foot or hand. The shaft of the tongs was covered with a pool noodle and pant leg to provide form to the mock limbs. The mechanism in the tongs was used to imitate thumb movement of the fake hand, allowing a grasping motion.

Description:

Copperhead processing:

Copperheads were captured and scanned for PIT tags after the conclusion of each trial. Each individual was kept in a snake bag-lined bucket overnight for processing the following morning. Mass was recorded while the snake was in the bag and the bag's mass subtracted. Copperheads were then released into a large bin and coaxed into a restraining tube for measurement (SVL and total length (cm)) and tagging. Sex was determined by the depth of a cloacal probe. For snakes tagged in previous years, the total number of years they have been captured was recorded. Copperheads were released at the site of capture immediately following processing.

Instrument(s):

12-gauge N125 Injector Needle (Biomark) MK10 Implanter (Biomark) Biomark Passive Integrated Transponder tags Snake tongs Meter stick

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

James Stratton

Organization:

University of Arkansas

Email Address:

jbs050@uark.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9888-3065

Individual:

Stephen Richter

Organization:

Eastern Kentucky University

Email Address:

stephen.richter@eku.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2484

Contacts:

Individual:

James Stratton

Organization:

University of Arkansas

Email Address:

jbs050@uark.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9888-3065

Individual:

Stephen Richter

Organization:

Eastern Kentucky University

Email Address:

stephen.richter@eku.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2484

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2022-05-20

End:

2022-08-08

Geographic Region:

Description:

Koomer Ridge Campground, Daniel Boone National Forest, Wolfe County, Kentucky, USA

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	-83.62945	Southern:	-83.636311
Western:	37.786593	Eastern:	37.788092

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:	Species
Rank Value:	Agkistrodon contortrix

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site in eastern Kentucky

Personnel:

Individual:

James Stratton

Email Address:

jbs050@uark.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9888-3065

Role:

Graduate Student

Individual:

Richter

Email Address:

stephen.richter@eku.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2484

Role:

Faculty advisor

Additional Award Information:

Funder:	Kentucky Society of Natural History
Title:	Kentucky Society of Natural History Graduate Research Grant

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	Data set is finalized and will not be under any new maintenance.
Frequency:	unknown

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n      '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___element 'unitList' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unitList')
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Trial Number'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Trial Number'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Score'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Score'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'PIT Tag'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'PIT Tag'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Last 5 digits of each copperhead\'s PIT tag'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Relative Humidity'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Relative Humidity'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Years'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Years'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Number of years'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Nights'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Nights'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Number of nights'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n      '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___element 'emlEditor'
        |     |        \___attribute 'app' = 'ezEML'
        |     |        \___attribute 'release' = '2024.08.06'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site in eastern Kentucky, 2022

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site in eastern Kentucky, 2022

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata