Data Package Metadata   View Summary

High-frequency water quality data for three urban streams in Boston, MA, 2021-2022

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.1795.1
Title:High-frequency water quality data for three urban streams in Boston, MA, 2021-2022
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

This dataset contains high-frequency water quality data for three urban stream locations in the great Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. Multiparameter sondes with sensors to measure temperature, pH, specific conductivity, optical dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and optical brighteners (OB) were deployed from 23 November 2021 to 20 December 2022. Data were collected at 15-minute intervals.

Publication Date:2024-11-14
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2021-11-23
End:
2022-12-20

People and Organizations
Contact:Roy, Allison H (U.S. Geological Survey, Unit Leader) [  email ]
Contact:Hale, Rebecca L (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Senior Scientist) [  email ]
Contact:Capps, Krista A (University of Georgia, Associate Professor) [  email ]
Contact:Hopkins, Kristina (USGS, Supervisory Research Physical Scientist) [  email ]
Contact:Kominoski, John S (Florida International University, Professor) [  email ]
Contact:Morse, Jennifer L (Portland State University, Associate Professor) [  email ]
Creator:Quick, Annika M (Virginia Wesleyan University)
Creator:Hale, Rebecca L (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Senior Scientist)
Creator:Roy, Allison H (U.S. Geological Survey, Unit Leader)
Creator:Wang, Andrew (University of Massachusetts, Undergraduate Technician)
Creator:Soucie, Jack (University of Massachusetts)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
Boston_sensors_QAQC_final_template
Description:
QA/QC'd data from Eureka Manta water quality probes installed in three urban streams
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1795/1/4fe6e7b1c544e92afad498a4fccca1fc
Name:Boston_sensors_QAQC_final_template
Description:QA/QC'd data from Eureka Manta water quality probes installed in three urban streams
Number of Records:112807
Number of Columns:25

Table Structure
Object Name:Boston_sensors_QAQC_final_template.xlsx - Boston_sensors_QAQC_final_templ.csv
Size:16317595 byte
Authentication:519c2782c3797706d17c3f118ce3a872 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 citycurbidcurb_namedatetime_localdatetime_utcTemp_deg_CpHSpCond_uS_cmTurb_FNUDO_mg_lDO_pct_SatCDOM_ppb_rawCDOM_ppb_20CDOM_ppb_20_turbOB_ppbInt_Batt_VBP_mmHgTemp_flagspH_flagsSpCond_flagsTurb_flagsDO_mg_l_flagsDO_pct_flagsCDOM_flagsOB_flags
Column Name:city  
curbid  
curb_name  
datetime_local  
datetime_utc  
Temp_deg_C  
pH  
SpCond_uS_cm  
Turb_FNU  
DO_mg_l  
DO_pct_Sat  
CDOM_ppb_raw  
CDOM_ppb_20  
CDOM_ppb_20_turb  
OB_ppb  
Int_Batt_V  
BP_mmHg  
Temp_flags  
pH_flags  
SpCond_flags  
Turb_flags  
DO_mg_l_flags  
DO_pct_flags  
CDOM_flags  
OB_flags  
Definition:study city nameunique site identifierproject site namedate and time in local time zonedate time in UTCwater temperature in degrees CpHspecific conductivityturbiditydissolved oxygen concentrationdissolved oxygenchromophoric dissolved organic matter concentrationtemperature-corrected chromophoric dissolved organic matter concentrationtemperature- and turbidity-corrected chromophoric dissolved organic matter concentrationoptical brightener concentrationinternal battery powerbarometric pressure (based on altitude, not measured)data flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect valuesdata flag, C = data are corrected for calibration drift, N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance, R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value), F = the stream was frozen, M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction, O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter, L = low stream flow may affect values
Storage Type:string  
float  
string  
dateTime  
dateTime  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:nominalrationominaldateTimedateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitiontext
UnitNA
Typeinteger
Definitiontext
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm
Precision
Unitcelsius
Typereal
UnitpH
Typereal
UnitmicrosiemensPerCentimeter
Typereal
UnitFNU
Typereal
UnitmilligramPerLiter
Typereal
Unitpercent
Typereal
Unitppb
Typereal
Unitppb
Typereal
Unitppb
Typereal
Unitppb
Typereal
Unitvolt
Typereal
UnitmmHg
Typereal
Definitiontext
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Definitiontext
Missing Value Code:    
CodeNA
Explno data
 
CodeNA
Explno data
CodeNA
Explno data
CodeNA
Explcensored data, see pH_flag column for explanation
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Explno data
               
Accuracy Report:                                                  
Accuracy Assessment:                                                  
Coverage:                                                  
Methods:                                                  

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)Conductivity, pH, optical brighteners, CDOM
LTER Controlled Vocabularystreams, urban, water quality, dissolved oxygen, temperature

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Sensor Description

Multiparameter sondes (EurekaTM Manta 35) were equipped with sensors to measure temperature, pH, specific conductivity, optical dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and optical brighteners (OB). An average value for the barometric pressure of sonde location was recorded for all of the time points based on the altitude of the location, which was entered in the EurekaTM Manta software. Measurements of each parameter were recorded every 15 minutes. Just before recording measurements, an automatic wiper wiped the ends of all of the sensors to prevent biofouling. Sondes were mounted inside PVC tubes with holes to allow for flowing water to pass over the sensors, anchored to the stream bottom, and the PVC tubes were secured to a bridge or rock on the stream bank with cables (Atlanta), anchored to the stream bottom on top of concrete blocks, and the blocks were secured to a tree on the stream bank with cables (Boston), or attached directly to the stream bank (Portland). Each sonde was powered by six 1.5V C-size alkaline batteries.

Sonde maintenance was completed approximately every two weeks during deployment (up to four weeks during warm weather when battery drain was slower). During maintenance, each sonde was removed from the stream then cleaned and rinsed with tap water. KimwipesTM and deionized water were used to gently clean the ends of the sensors. Data were downloaded from the sonde, and then the calibration of the different sensors was checked.

Deployment

Atlanta

Sondes were deployed from 16 November 2021 to 11 January 2023 at three stream sites in the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Sondes were co-located with established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging stations so data could be correlated with discharge data (publicly available at https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov). The three sites (SR02, USGS site 02203900; SR12 , USGS site 02203655; and SR24, USGS site 02203603) were selected because their watersheds are nested within the South River Watershed.

Boston

Sondes were deployed from 23 November 2021 to 20 December 2022 at three stream sites in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area. Sondes were co-located with established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging stations so data could be correlated with discharge data (publicly available at https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov). The three sites (Alewife Brook, USGS site 01103025; Beaver Brook, USGS site 01104501; and Stony Brook, USGS site 01104370) were selected because their watersheds are similar in size (21.7, 28.8, and 26.3 km2, respectively) yet have a range of land cover (59.9, 41.4, 7.3% impervious cover, respectively). The sonde location in Alewife Brook is also downstream of six combined sewer overflow (CSO) outfalls.

Portland

Sondes were deployed from 23 July 2023 to 02 August 2024 at three stream sites in the greater Portland, Oregon area. Sondes were co-located with established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging stations so data could be correlated with discharge data (publicly available at https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov). The three sites (Johnson Creek at Milwaukie, USGS site 14211550; Johnson Creek at Sycamore, USGS site 14211500; and Johnson Creek at Regner Rd, USGS site 14211400) chosen represent a downstream longitudinal urbanization gradient across the Johnson Creek Watershed, with more rural and agricultural defined areas in the headwaters (above Johnson Creek at Regner Rd) and more heavily urbanized areas towards the mouth (Johnson Creek at Milwaukie).

Calibration

Temperature readings did not require calibration. The optical sensors for CDOM and OB were factory-calibrated, but were immersed in standard solutions of 10 ppb and 100 ppb p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) solution to check for drift. For the other sensors, those giving readings more than +/- 5% different than the standard values were recalibrated in the field or lab according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and at least quarterly.

To calibrate pH, the sensor was tripled-rinsed with pH buffer solution and then immersed in the buffer using the calibration cup. The pH was calibrated in the EurekaTM Manta software using buffer solutions with pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0. To calibrate the specific conductivity sensor, the sensor was triple-rinsed with a conductivity standard solution and then immersed in the solution using the calibration cup. Specific conductivity was calibrated in the EurekaTM Manta software using a 1413 µS/cm standard solution. The optical DO sensor was calibrated using air-saturated water. A 500-ml bottle of deionized water was shaken vigorously for about one minute, and then the cap was removed and the bottle allowed to sit for about two minutes. The DO sensor was then triple-rinsed with and immersed in the oxygenated water using the calibration cup. DO was then calibrated using the EurekaTM Manta software. To calibrate the turbidity sensor, the sensor was triple-rinsed with and then immersed in deionized water (0 NTU) and a 100 NTU turbidity standard solution (Atlanta and Boston) or both 0 NTU and 1000 NTU standard solutions (Portland). Turbidity was then calibrated using the EurekaTM Manta software.

Data QA/QC

Sensor data went through several stages of quality control. First, field calibration checks were used to identify calibration drift. Calibration drift greater than 5% was corrected either assuming linear drift or using an offset correction, depending on visual inspection of the data.

Following drift correction, data were checked for reasonable value ranges, and values outside these ranges were removed. This included negative values for specific conductivity, turbidity, pH, CDOM, OB, and dissolved oxygen which should always be positive.

Outliers were flagged, but not removed from the dataset. These were defined as any values more than three standard deviations from a 6-hour moving average for each parameter.

Because chromophoric dissolved organic matter values can be affected by temperature, we calculated a standardized CDOM (at 20 degrees C) using the following equation:

CDOM20 = CDOM/(1-0.00273*(Water Temperature-20))

CDOM readings can also be affected by turbidity, especially above 15 NTU (Downing et al. 2012). Unfortunately, the turbidity sensors on our sondes were often unreliable. Where other turbidity data were available (i.e., from adjacent USGS gages), these were used to correct CDOM values, using literature values (Downing et al. 2012).

Data were flagged using the following system of flags:

C = data are corrected for calibration drift

N = sensor was out of the water for maintenance

R = parameter value has been removed because it was out of range (e.g., an impossible negative value)

F = the stream was frozen

M = data has been removed because of sensor malfunction

O = value is greater than 3 standard deviations from a 6-hour average value for this parameter

L = low stream flow may affect values

Downing, B. D., B. A. Pellerin, B. A. Bergamaschi, J. F. Saraceno, and T. E. C. Kraus. 2012. Seeing the light: The effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 10: 767–775. doi:10.4319/lom.2012.10.767

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual:Dr. Annika M Quick
Organization:Virginia Wesleyan University
Email Address:
aquick@vwu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-7831
Individual:Dr. Rebecca L Hale
Organization:Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Position:Senior Scientist
Address:
647 Contees Wharf Road,
Edgewater, MD
Email Address:
haler@si.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3691
Individual:Dr. Allison H Roy
Organization:U.S. Geological Survey
Position:Unit Leader
Address:
160 Holdsworth Way,
Amherst, MA 01054
Email Address:
aroy@eco.umass.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729
Individual: Andrew Wang
Organization:University of Massachusetts
Position:Undergraduate Technician
Address:
Department of Environmental Conservation,
Amherst, MA 01003
Individual: Jack Soucie
Organization:University of Massachusetts
Contacts:
Individual: Allison H Roy
Organization:U.S. Geological Survey
Position:Unit Leader
Email Address:
aroy@eco.umass.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729
Individual:Dr. Rebecca L Hale
Organization:Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Position:Senior Scientist
Address:
647 Contees Wharf Road,
Edgewater, MD 21037-0028
Email Address:
haler@si.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3691
Individual:Dr. Krista A Capps
Organization:University of Georgia
Position:Associate Professor
Address:
140 E. Green St.,
Athens, GA 30602
Email Address:
kcapps@uga.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-8644
Individual:Dr Kristina Hopkins
Organization:USGS
Position:Supervisory Research Physical Scientist
Address:
934 Broadway,
Suite 300,
Tacoma, WA 98402
Email Address:
khopkins@usgs.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384
Individual:Dr. John S Kominoski
Organization:Florida International University
Position:Professor
Address:
11200 SW 8th Street,
Miami, FL 33199
Email Address:
jkominos@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3326
Individual:Dr. Jennifer L Morse
Organization:Portland State University
Position:Associate Professor
Address:
1719 SW 10th Ave,
portland, OR 97201
Email Address:
jlmorse@pdx.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-4940

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2021-11-23
End:
2022-12-20
Geographic Region:
Description:Water quality data was collected from three urban streams in the Boston metropolitan area.
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  42.40713Southern:  42.3289
Western:  -71.289Eastern:  -71.13377

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry Project
Personnel:
Individual:Dr. Rebecca L Hale
Organization:Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Position:Senior Scientist
Address:
647 Contees Wharf Road,
Edgewater, MD
Email Address:
haler@si.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3691
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual:Dr. Allison H Roy
Organization:U.S. Geological Survey
Position:Unit Leader
Address:
160 Holdsworth Way,
Amherst, MA 01054
Email Address:
aroy@eco.umass.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual:Dr. Krista A Capps
Organization:University of Georgia
Position:Associate Professor
Address:
140 E. Green St.,
Athens, GA 30602
Email Address:
kcapps@uga.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-8644
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual:Dr Kristina Hopkins
Organization:USGS
Position:Supervisory Research Physical Scientist
Address:
934 Broadway,
Suite 300,
Tacoma, WA 98402
Email Address:
khopkins@usgs.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual:Dr. John S Kominoski
Organization:Florida International University
Position:Professor
Address:
11200 SW 8th Street,
Miami, FL 33199
Email Address:
jkominos@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3326
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual:Dr. Jennifer L Morse
Organization:Portland State University
Position:Associate Professor
Address:
1719 SW 10th Ave,
portland, OR 97201
Email Address:
jlmorse@pdx.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-4940
Role:Principal Investigator
Abstract:

Most ecosystems are impacted by human activities to some degree, but this can vary considerably between locations. For example, cities differ in their impacts on streams and rivers depending on age, storm water infrastructure, amount of green space, and other factors of the built environment. Natural factors such as climate (temperature and precipitation) and geology also affect how different cities influence water quality and quantity at different times of the year. In this project, differences in urban impacts on carbon inputs and outputs in streams will be evaluated across cities in the U.S. that have different urban and climate contexts. This research is critical for understanding ecological patterns and processes in urban streams.

This study takes a novel approach to jointly consider how the human and ecological dimensions of ecosystem ecology interact to control the quality, quantity, and timing of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) entering watersheds across the continent. This project assesses how urbanization affects DOC, focusing on how urbanization affects stream ecosystems in regionally-specific ways. We tested the hypothesis that human activities introduce novel sources of DOC and affect the spatial and temporal scales and variability of ecological processes in different geographies and urban contexts. The hypothesis was tested using a comparative approach to understand urban effects on DOC in five urban study areas - Miami, FL, Boston, MA, Atlanta, GA, Salt Lake City, UT, and Portland, OR. Extensive synoptic sampling of DOC concentrations and quality were be combined with intensive sensor networks to develop a multi-scale understanding of the quantity and quality of DOC in urban systems.

Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Number:2333154, 2015624, 2015661, 2015619, 2015632
Title:Collaborative Research: Scales and drivers of variability in dissolved organic carbon across diverse urban watersheds

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

Data maintenance is not anticipated.

Frequency:notPlanned
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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        |     |     |     |     |___text 'unique site identifier, first digit indicates city, remaining three digits indicate site within that city'
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Additional Metadata

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        |     |        \___attribute 'release' = '2024.10.30'
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EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

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