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Phosphorus concentrations and flow data, Old Woman Creek, Ohio, 2015-2023

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.1810.2
Title:Phosphorus concentrations and flow data, Old Woman Creek, Ohio, 2015-2023
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

The Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve is located in Huron, Ohio (USA), along the southern shore of Lake Erie. Old Woman Creek is a fourth order stream that flows through a 0.6 km² wetland complex during its last 2 stream km, and surface connectivity between the stream and lake is mediated by a barrier sand beach that can open and close depending on flow, wind, waves, and precipitation. The Reserve has been measuring water quality in Old Woman Creek since 1980. Data presented in this package represent a small part of this long-term monitoring used in the study by Anderson et al. (2024, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4947733) titled "We know less about phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands than we think we do: A quantitative literature synthesis". This study aims to identify gaps in our collective understanding of structural wetland features, monitoring methods, and long-term trajectories in restored and constructed wetlands. It uses the Old Woman Creek data presented in this data package to test different sampling frequencies to determine how sampling approach affects observed trends in total phosphorus loading.

The data in this package include total phosphorus concentrations collected at the Inlet and Outlet of Old Woman Creek between 2015 and 2023. Total phosphorus concentrations were collected between 1 and 3 times per day at the Inlet and once per day to once per week at the Outlet, depending on streamflow. Additionally, flow data measured at 15-minute intervals at the stream Outlet between 2020 and 2023 are also included. This Outlet flow data corresponds well with flow measurements made by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at the stream Inlet. While the Inlet flow data is not included in this package, it was used in the study by Anderson et al. (2024) and can be obtained from USGS's website by searching for gauge number 04199155. Additional data from the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve long-term water quality monitoring program is available by contacting the Reserve's Research Coordinator.

Publication Date:2024-11-27
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2015
End:
2023

People and Organizations
Contact:Anderson, Kenneth J (Kent State University) [  email ]
Contact:Kinsman-Costello, Lauren (Kent State University) [  email ]
Contact:McMurray, Steven E (Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Research Coordinator) [  email ]
Creator:Anderson, Kenneth J (Kent State University)
Creator:Adhikari, Bishwodeep (Kent State University)
Creator:Schloegel, Olivia F (Kent State University)
Creator:Marques Mendonca, Raissa (Kent State University)
Creator:Back, Michael P (Kent State University)
Creator:Cianci-Gaskill, Jacob A (Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve)
Creator:McMurray, Steven E (Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve)
Creator:Brocato, Nicholas (Kent State University)
Creator:Bahlai, Christie (Kent State University)
Creator:Costello, David M (Kent State University)
Creator:Kinsman-Costello, Lauren (Kent State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
OWC Flow_Outlet_2020-2023
Description:
Flow data at the "Outlet" site of Old Woman Creek. Flow measurements were made at 15-minute intervals using an Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP) deployed intermittently between 2020 and 2022, and continuously in 2023.
Data Table Name:
OWC TP_2015-2023
Description:
Total phosphorous concentrations measured in whole water samples at the "Inlet" and "Outlet" of Old Woman Creek. Flow data at the "Outlet" site of Old Woman Creek. Flow measurements were made at 15-minute intervals using an Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP) deployed intermittently between 2020 and 2022, and continuously in 2023.
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1810/2/825c8a2ecb2b7546ad9db4b1442fa229
Name:OWC Flow_Outlet_2020-2023
Description:Flow data at the "Outlet" site of Old Woman Creek. Flow measurements were made at 15-minute intervals using an Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP) deployed intermittently between 2020 and 2022, and continuously in 2023.
Number of Records:115654
Number of Columns:3

Table Structure
Object Name:OWC Flow_Outlet_2020-2023.csv
Size:2848580 byte
Authentication:3a205ceb2c56cb5101f44f5434c62e24 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 DateTimeFlow Rate (cms)
Column Name:Date  
Time  
FlowRate_cms  
Definition:"Date" is the date on which the measurement was taken."Time" it the time that the measurement was taken, expressed as Eastern Standard Time (EST)."FlowRate_cms" is flow rate, measured in cubic meters per second, at the "Outlet" site. Positive values indicate water is flowing from downstream to upstream, while negative values indicate flow from upstream to downstream. The latter usually occurs when the barrier sand beach is closed, blocking surface connectivity between the creek and Lake Erie.
Storage Type:dateTime  
dateTime  
float  
Measurement Type:dateTimedateTimeratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Formathh:mm:ss
Precision
Unitcms
Typereal
Missing Value Code:      
Accuracy Report:      
Accuracy Assessment:      
Coverage:      
Methods:      

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/1810/2/f11f5db0d2268dc2304f6bf3e5601b78
Name:OWC TP_2015-2023
Description:Total phosphorous concentrations measured in whole water samples at the "Inlet" and "Outlet" of Old Woman Creek. Flow data at the "Outlet" site of Old Woman Creek. Flow measurements were made at 15-minute intervals using an Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP) deployed intermittently between 2020 and 2022, and continuously in 2023.
Number of Records:7982
Number of Columns:7

Table Structure
Object Name:OWC TP_2015-2023.csv
Size:276123 byte
Authentication:c2008b35096ba8802967f4142ee7030b Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 DateTimeSiteMethodBottleTotal Phosphorus (μg / L)Flag
Column Name:Date  
Time  
Site  
Method  
Bottle  
TP_ugL  
Flag  
Definition:"Date" is the date on which the measurement was taken."Time" is when the sample was collected from the stream. All times are in Eastern Standard Time (EST)."Site" is where the sample was collected, at either the "Inlet" or "Outlet.""Method" indicates the sampling method and frequency at which the corresponding sample was collected. Laboratory techniques were the same between "Methods", and the total phosphorus concentrations for each "Method" are directly comparable."Bottle" designates replicate water samples."TP_ugL" is total phosphorus concentration measured in a whole water, grab sample."Flag" indicated any corresponding comment or note that accompanies the corresponding total phosphorus concentration.
Storage Type:dateTime  
dateTime  
string  
string  
string  
float  
string  
Measurement Type:dateTimedateTimenominalnominalnominalrationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
Formathh:mm
Precision
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeInlet
DefinitionWater samples for total phosphorus analysis were collected at the "Outlet" site at 41.348889, -82.512222
Source
Code Definition
CodeOutlet
DefinitionWater samples for total phosphorus analysis were collected at the "Outlet" site at 41.382222, -82.514444
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeRL
Definition"RL" samples were collected with a refrigerated ISCO autosampler and stored at 4°C until retrieval, processing, and analysis in the lab. Between 2015 and 2019, water samples were collected daily at both the "Inlet" and "Outlet" sites at 04:00, 12:00, and 20:00 (EST). During baseflow, a single sample was analyzed for each day, and during storm events three samples were analyzed at both "Inlet" and "Outlet." Beginning in 2019, sampling frequency at the "Outlet" was reduced to once per week during baseflow, and once per day during stormflow. At the "Inlet," the original sampling frequency of once per day during baseflow and three times per day (04:00, 12:00, 20:00) during stormflow has continued since 2015. Samples were retrieved from the autosampler weekly, meaning that they were never stored for more than 7 days in the autosampler.
Source
Code Definition
CodeDIEL
Definition"DIEL" samples were collected monthly with a refrigerated ISCO autosampler. Whole water samples were collected at two-hour intervals over a 24-hour span, and stored at 4°C until retrieval, processing, and analysis in the lab.
Source
Code Definition
CodeSWMP
Definition"SWMP" samples were collected monthly as whole water grab samples. "SWMP" samples were collected as field duplicates, and one "Outlet" sample was analyzed as a laboratory duplicate during each sampling event.
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code1
DefinitionA bottle designation of "1" is the first sample collected at a particular date and time. Sometimes, field or laboratory duplicates are collected and/or analyzed, that correspond with the "1" sample bottle.
Source
Code Definition
Code1b
DefinitionA bottle designation of "1b" indicates that the reported total phosphorus concentration is a laboratory duplicate of the "1" bottle collected on the same date/time and at the same site.
Source
Code Definition
Code2
DefinitionA bottle designation of "2" indicates that sample was collected as a field duplicate.
Source
UnitmicrogramPerLiter
Precision1
Typereal
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMDL
DefinitionA flag of "MDL" indicates that the total phosphorus concentration was below the method detection limit and has thus been replaced with half of the method detection limit in the data table.
Source
Missing Value Code:              
Accuracy Report:              
Accuracy Assessment:              
Coverage:              
Methods:              

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website https://portal.edirepository.org (herein "website") in the summary metadata page. Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. This data package (and its components) is made available "as is" and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the website shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation or misuse of the data package or its components. Periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)constructed wetland, monitoring, long-term monitoring, retention, wetland, Old Woman Creek, flow
LTER Controlled Vocabularyphosphorus

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Total phosphorus was measured from whole water samples which were digested on a hot plate with persulfate, following Standard Methods 4500-P B.5 (23rd edition, APHA 2017), and then reduced with ascorbic acid following Standard Methods 4500-P F (23rd edition, APHA 2017). Total phosphorus concentrations were then quantified spectrophotometrically on a Seal Analytical AQ300 discrete autoanalyzer.

Instrument(s):Seal Analytical AQ300 Discrete Autoanalyzer
Description:

Flow at the "Outlet" site was measured at 15-minute intervals with a SonTek-SL500 Accoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP).

Instrument(s):SonTek-SL500 Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP).

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Kenneth J Anderson
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
kandel120@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-1453
Individual: Bishwodeep Adhikari
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
badhika6@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-8786
Individual: Olivia F Schloegel
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
ojohns16@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-6617
Individual: Raissa Marques Mendonca
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
rmarques@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-4380
Individual: Michael P Back
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
mback@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6071-6461
Individual: Jacob A Cianci-Gaskill
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Address:
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Email Address:
jacob.cianci-gaskill@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-6170
Individual: Steven E McMurray
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Address:
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Email Address:
steven.mcmurray@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-5916
Individual: Nicholas Brocato
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
nbrocato@kent.edu
Individual: Christie Bahlai
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
cbahlai@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-8709
Individual: David M Costello
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
dcostel3@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-5399
Individual: Lauren Kinsman-Costello
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
lkinsman@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-8677
Contacts:
Individual: Kenneth J Anderson
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Phone:
617-999-9374 (voice)
Email Address:
kande120@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-1453
Individual: Lauren Kinsman-Costello
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
lkinsman@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-8677
Individual: Steven E McMurray
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Position:Research Coordinator
Address:
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Email Address:
steven.mcmurray@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-5916
Metadata Providers:
Individual: Steven E McMurray
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Position:Research Coordinator
Address:
2514 Cleveland Rd E,
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Phone:
419-433-4601 (voice)
Email Address:
steven.mcmurray@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-5916

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2015
End:
2023
Geographic Region:
Description:Old Woman Creek is a 4th order stream in Erie County that drains a 69 km² watershed before emptying into the central basin of Lake Erie. The final 2 km of the stream flow through a 0.6 km² wetland complex although outflow is controlled by a barrier sand beach that can cut off surface water exchange between the stream and lake. Generally, the barrier beach is closed during the winter and summer, although its status varies from day to day and year to year. The bounding coordinates represent the approximate boundaries of the Old Woman Creek watershed. However, the data presented here are from two sites along Old Woman Creek. The "Inlet" site is located 6 stream km from the lake at 41.348889, -82.512222. Flow data from the "Outlet" site is located 144.5 m from the lake at 41.3825, -82.512222, while total phosphorus concentrations were collected 175.5 m from the lake at 41.382222, -82.514444.
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  41.385Southern:  41.237
Western:  -82.558Eastern:  -82.423

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:We know less about phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands than we think we do: A quantitative literature synthesis
Personnel:
Individual: Kenneth J Anderson
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
kande120@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-1453
Role:Lead Author
Individual: Adhikari Bishwodeep
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
badhika6@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-8786
Role:Author
Individual: Olivia F Schloegel
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
ojohns16@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-6617
Role:Author
Individual: Raissa M Mendonca
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
rmarques@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-4380
Role:Author
Individual: Michael P Back
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
mback@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6071-6461
Role:Author
Individual: Nicholas Brocato
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
nbrocato@kent.edu
Role:Author
Individual: Jacob A Cianci-Gaskill
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Address:
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Email Address:
jacob.cianci-gaskill@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-6170
Role:Author
Individual: Steven E McMurray
Organization:Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve
Address:
Huron, OH 44839 United States
Email Address:
steven.mcmurray@dnr.ohio.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-5916
Role:Author
Individual: Christie Bahlai
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
cbahlai@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-8709
Role:Author
Individual: David M Costello
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
dcostel3@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-5399
Role:Author
Individual: Lauren Kinsman-Costello
Organization:Kent State University
Address:
Kent, OH 44242 United States
Email Address:
lkinsman@kent.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-8677
Role:Author
Abstract:

Wetlands are increasingly being constructed to retain phosphorus, but indicators of performance are often unique to individual wetlands. In this quantitative literature synthesis, we highlight two major knowledge gaps and a source of bias in our current understanding of phosphorus retention by constructed and restored wetlands. We performed a literature review to assess differences in wetland characteristics, phosphorus retention, and sampling frequency and duration to better understand how constructed and restored wetlands retain phosphorus. We then examined a series of different sampling frequencies to determine how sampling approaches affect observed trends using a case study at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve where high-resolution data on phosphorus concentrations was available. We found that, while differences among broad wetland structural groupings exist, measured rates of phosphorus retention are highly variable. Additionally, we observed that the wetlands sampled in the literature are most often newly constructed; 70% of the wetlands were monitored for three or fewer years. Among twelve wetlands that were monitored for over ten years, resampling techniques demonstrated that three-year time scales are unable to predict long-term trends for nutrient retention. Similarly, we found that 70% of wetlands in the literature were sampled weekly or less frequently and did not account for major flow events when estimating nutrient retention. Our case study analysis indicated that excluding storm events lead to a significant underestimate of phosphorus retention. We further demonstrate that when sampling is infrequent and misses storm events, the retention of water and phosphorus by wetlands causes higher underestimates at the inflow than the outflow where phosphorus leaves wetlands more slowly than the inflow. The greater underestimation of loads at outflows compared to inflows can lead to a wetland being mislabeled as a source when it is a sink for phosphorus if storm events are not accounted for. Together this synthesis highlights that our understanding of how constructed wetlands store phosphorus is limited by three major factors: a lack of long-term monitoring, the drivers of high variability in phosphorus retention between different wetland types, and potential bias from the difficulties of capturing storm events. Our analysis indicates that most published works have been conducted at shorter time frames, or lower sampling frequencies than are required for accurate estimates of phosphorus retention. This finding is of significance because substantial investments are made in restoring and constructing wetlands based on inadequately supported assumptions that wetlands are highly effective at phosphorus retention. Ultimately, these results can inform improvements to post-restoration assessment of wetland nutrient function, including decisions on where and when to monitor water quality.

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

This dataset will not be updated. However, the flow and nutrient data included here are part of a long-term water quality monitoring program at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve where data collection is ongoing. Flow data will continue to be collected year-round at 15-minute intervals, while samples for total phosphorus analysis will continue to be collected once per week during baseflow, or once per day during storm events. In addition to the aforementioned data, the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve collects nutrient concentrations and deploys water quality monitoring sondes at six monitoring sites throughout Old Woman Creek, and measures water level, water velocity, and flow at three sites (including the "inflow site in this dataset). Please reach out to Old Woman Creek Research Coordinator Steve McMurray for any additional data.

Frequency:notPlanned
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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Additional Metadata

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