Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Invasive grass litter suppresses native species and promotes disease

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.189.1
Title:Invasive grass litter suppresses native species and promotes disease
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Plant litter can alter ecosystems and promote plant invasions by changing resource acquisition, depositing toxins, and transmitting microorganisms to living plants. Transmission of microorganisms from invasive litter to live plants may gain importance as invasive plants accumulate pathogens over time since introduction. It is unclear, however, if invasive plant litter affects native plant communities by promoting disease. Microstegium vimineum is an invasive grass that suppresses native populations, in part through litter production, and has accumulated leaf spot diseases since its introduction to the U.S. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how M. vimineum litter and accumulated pathogens mediated resource competition with the native grass Elymus virginicus. Resource competition reduced biomass of both species and live M. vimineum increased disease incidence on the native species. Microstegium vimineum litter also promoted disease on the native species, suppressed establishment of both species, and reduced biomass of M. vimineum. Nonetheless, interference competition from litter had a stronger negative effect on the native species, increasing the relative abundance of M. vimineum. Altogether, invasive grass litter suppressed both species, ultimately favoring the invasive species in competition, and increased disease incidence on the native species.

Publication Date:2021-03-26

Time Period
Begin:
2018-05-09
End:
2018-11-04

People and Organizations
Contact:Kendig, Amy E (University of Florida) [  email ]
Creator:Benitez, Liliana (New College of Florida)
Creator:Adhikari, Ashish (University of Florida)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
App. S3 height data
Description:
heights of plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Data Table Name:
App. S3 lesion data
Description:
foliar lesions on plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Data Table Name:
App. S3 leaf wetness data
Description:
leaf wetness of plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Data Table Name:
biomass data
Description:
biomass of M. vimineum and E. virginicus
Data Table Name:
establishment and lesion data
Description:
establishment and foliar lesions of M. vimineum and E. virginicus
Other Name:
App. S3 code
Description:
code for analyses and figures in Appendix S3
Other Name:
Biomass analysis
Description:
code to analyze biomass data
Other Name:
Data processing
Description:
code to process data for establishment and disease incidence analyses
Other Name:
Establishment and disease incidence analysis
Description:
code to analyze establishment and disease incidence
Other Name:
Figures and values
Description:
code for figures and values in main text
Other Name:
Residuals analysis
Description:
code to analyze model residuals
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/3ccdb9d42853e01d3b8deb5591454c0e
Name:App. S3 height data
Description:heights of plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Number of Records:65
Number of Columns:10

Table Structure
Object Name:AppS3_heights_073018.csv
Size:2421 bytes
Authentication:52fe784ec628adaba07e4202093b439a Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Date  
PotID  
Species  
Litter  
Dry  
H1_cm  
H2_cm  
H3_cm  
H4_cm  
H5_cm  
Definition:date that data were collectedID of pot (do not indicate blocking)species planted in potlitter treatment applied to potmoisture treatment applied to potheight of plant 1 (haphazardly chosen in pot)height of plant 2 (haphazardly chosen in pot)height of plant 3 (haphazardly chosen in pot)height of plant 4 (haphazardly chosen in pot)height of plant 5 (haphazardly chosen in pot)
Storage Type:date  
float  
string  
string  
string  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:dateTimerationominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Formatmm/dd/yy
Precision
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMv
DefinitionMicrostegium vimineum
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
DefinitionElymus virginicus
Source
Code Definition
CodeEt
DefinitionEragrostis trichodes
Source
Code Definition
CodePc
DefinitionDichanthelium (Panicum) clandestinum
Source
Code Definition
CodeCc
DefinitionCalamagrostis canadensis
Source
Code Definition
CodeGs
DefinitionGlyceria striata
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeY
DefinitionYes (litter was added to pot)
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
DefinitionNo (litter was not added to pot)
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeY
DefinitionYes (pot received dry/low moisture treatment)
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
DefinitionNo (pot received high moisture treatment)
Source
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Min
Max17.5 
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Min
Max19.9 
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Min1.5 
Max24.7 
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Min0.9 
Max22 
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Min1.1 
Max18.4 
Missing Value Code:                    
Accuracy Report:                    
Accuracy Assessment:                    
Coverage:                    
Methods:                    

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/a1e148f854d6edbf6a310552573a9c7c
Name:App. S3 lesion data
Description:foliar lesions on plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Number of Records:65
Number of Columns:9

Table Structure
Object Name:AppS3_Infection_091318.csv
Size:1976 bytes
Authentication:eb9aa5de6b9f69a4c054bbe74507c72b Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Date  
PotID  
Species  
Litter  
Dry  
MvInf  
MvNotes  
NativeInf  
NativeNotes  
Definition:date that data were collectedID of pot (do not indicate blocking)species planted in potlitter treatment applied to potmoisture treatment applied to potbinary variable indicating whether at least two brown foliar lesions were observed on Microstegium vimineum plants in potnotes concerning MvInf observationsbinary variable indicating whether at least two brown foliar lesions were observed on native plants in potnotes concerning NativeInf observations
Storage Type:date  
float  
string  
string  
string  
float  
string  
float  
string  
Measurement Type:dateTimerationominalnominalnominalrationominalrationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Formatyyymmdd
Precision
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMv
DefinitionMicrostegium vimineum
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
DefinitionElymus virginicus
Source
Code Definition
CodeEt
DefinitionEragrostis trichodes
Source
Code Definition
CodePc
DefinitionDichanthelium (Panicum) clandestinum
Source
Code Definition
CodeCc
DefinitionCalamagrostis canadensis
Source
Code Definition
CodeGs
DefinitionGlyceria striata
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeY
DefinitionYes (litter was added to pot)
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
DefinitionNo (litter was not added to pot)
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeY
DefinitionYes (pot received dry/low moisture treatment)
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
DefinitionNo (pot received high moisture treatment)
Source
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codeblack spots
Definitionblack spots were observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codelow
Definitionlow number of brown lesions observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codehigh
Definitionhigh number of brown lesions observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codelight, also black spots
Definitionlight brown spots and black spots observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codelow, black spots
Definitionlow number of brown lesions and black spots observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codespecks
Definitionlesions appeared as small specks rather than defined Bipolaris-like lesions
Source
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codelow
Definitionlow number of brown lesions observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codeblack spots
Definitionblack spots were observed on leaves
Source
Code Definition
Codelow, black spots
Definitionlow number of brown lesions and black spots observed on leaves
Source
Missing Value Code:          
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
Codeblank
Explno additional observations
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
Codeblank
Explno additional observations
Accuracy Report:                  
Accuracy Assessment:                  
Coverage:                  
Methods:                  

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/e7f980b2e4aac63848562c1bf5744df6
Name:App. S3 leaf wetness data
Description:leaf wetness of plants in Appendix S3 experiment
Number of Records:350
Number of Columns:7

Table Structure
Object Name:AppS3_leaf_moisture_080118.csv
Size:13433 bytes
Authentication:c25c42ed4b9d50e6ac38122a8e8f4534 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Date  
Time  
PotId  
Species  
Treatment  
LeafMoisture  
Notes  
Definition:date that data were collectedtime that data were collectedID of pot (do not indicate blocking)species planted in potmoisture treatment applied to potindicator variable for whether water droplets were observed on leaf surfacesnotes about LeafMoisture observations
Storage Type:date  
date  
float  
string  
string  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:dateTimedateTimerationominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Formatmm/dd/yy
Precision
Formathh:mm AM/PM
Precision
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeCc
DefinitionCalamagrostis canadensis
Source
Code Definition
CodeGs
DefinitionGlyceria striata
Source
Code Definition
CodeEt
DefinitionEragrostis trichodes
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
DefinitionElymus virginicus
Source
Code Definition
CodeMv
DefinitionMicrostegium vimineum
Source
Code Definition
CodePc
DefinitionDichanthelium (Panicum) clandestinum
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codehigh moisture
Definitionpot received high moisture treatment
Source
Code Definition
CodeDry
Definitionpot received dry/low moisture treatment
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeY
DefinitionYes (water droplets were observed on leaves)
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
DefinitionNo (water droplets were not observed on leaves)
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeCovered by litter
DefinitionWater droplets could not be observed because leaves were covered by litter
Source
Code Definition
CodeBut not much
DefinitionFew water droples
Source
Code Definition
Codestarted counting only those that have more than 2 leaves with water droplets
Definitionat 1:35 PM on the second day, only pots with at least three leaves with water droplets were assigned a Y for LeafMoisture
Source
Missing Value Code:          
CodeNA
Explnot available
Codeblank
Explno additional observations
Accuracy Report:              
Accuracy Assessment:              
Coverage:              
Methods:              

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/6d0a5d0cde04e35d01caad87e4b851c4
Name:biomass data
Description:biomass of M. vimineum and E. virginicus
Number of Records:102
Number of Columns:10

Table Structure
Object Name:MvEv_Biomass_110918.csv
Size:4761 bytes
Authentication:54a614cce0ed763a2b4d361559dc8c78 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:PotID  
Treatment  
SpPresent  
WeighedSp  
Weight_g  
DateWeighed  
InitialsWeighed  
DateSorted  
InitialsSorted  
Notes  
Definition:ID of pot (do not indicate blocking)litter treatment applied to potspecies planted in potspecies biomass that was weighedbiomass weightdate that biomass was weighedinitials of person who weighed plantsdate that leaves were evaluated for foliar fungal lesionsinitials of person who evaluated leaves for foliar fungal lesionsnotes of observations while plants were evaluated and weighed
Storage Type:float  
string  
string  
string  
float  
date  
string  
date  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:rationominalnominalnominalratiodateTimenominaldateTimenominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeNone
Definitionno litter was added to the pot
Source
Code Definition
CodeLow
Definitionlow litter was added to the pot (0.91 g/pot; 50 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeMed
Definitionmedium litter was added to the pot (1.82 g/pot; 100 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeHigh
Definitionhigh litter was added to the pot (3.64 g/pot; 200 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeShade
Definitionmedium litter was added to the pot (1.82 g/pot; 100 g/m2) and the pot was placed under an additional shade tent. This treatment was omitted from the manuscript.
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMv
Definitionfifty seeds of Microstegium vimineum were planted in the pot.
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
Definitionfifty seeds of Elymus virginicus were planted in the pot.
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv+Mv
Definitionfifty seeds each of Microstegium vimineum and Elymus virginicus were planted in the pot.
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMv
DefinitionWeight_g corresponds to Microstegium vimineum
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
DefinitionWeight_g corresponds to Elymus virginicus
Source
Unitgram
Typereal
Min0.19 
Max47.24 
Formatyyyymmdd
Precision
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeAK
DefinitionAmy Kendig
Source
Formatyyyymmdd
Precision
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeCS
DefinitionCallie San Antonio
Source
Code Definition
CodePR
DefinitionPenny Reif
Source
Code Definition
CodeDN
DefinitionDavid Notman
Source
Code Definition
CodeZC
DefinitionSobia Chanda
Source
Code Definition
CodeAK
DefinitionAmy Kendig
Source
Code Definition
CodePR+DN
DefinitionPenny Reif and David Notman
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codehas some mold
Definitionplants had some mold when removed from 4 degrees C for evaluating foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeintentionally not measured
Definitionbiomass was not measured in this pot because it was accidentally dropped
Source
Missing Value Code:        
CodeNA
Explnot available
CodeNA
Explnot available
CodeNA
Explnot available
CodeNA
Explnot available
CodeNA
Explnot available
Codeblank
Explno additional observations
Accuracy Report:                    
Accuracy Assessment:                    
Coverage:                    
Methods:                    

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/7b7de07d1a58296fa8ee3a8735805644
Name:establishment and lesion data
Description:establishment and foliar lesions of M. vimineum and E. virginicus
Number of Records:594
Number of Columns:9

Table Structure
Object Name:MvEv_GerminationInfection_PostHarvest.csv
Size:23164 bytes
Authentication:6e5a36e91299a222da0d08eee41b6a20 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Date  
PotID  
Treatment  
SpPresent  
GermMv  
GermEv  
InfectedMv  
InfectedEv  
Notes  
Definition:date that data were collectedID of pot (do not indicate blocking)litter treatment applied to potspecies planted in potnumber of Microstegium vimineum plants observed in potnumber of Elymus virginicus plants observed in potnumber of Microstegium vimineum plants with at least two foliar lesionsnumber of Elymus virginicus plants with at least two foliar lesionsnotes about observations made
Storage Type:date  
float  
string  
string  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
Measurement Type:dateTimerationominalnominalratioratioratiorationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Formatyyyymmdd
Precision
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeNone
Definitionno litter was added to the pot
Source
Code Definition
CodeLow
Definitionlow litter was added to the pot (0.91 g/pot; 50 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeMed
Definitionmedium litter was added to the pot (1.82 g/pot; 100 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeHigh
Definitionhigh litter was added to the pot (3.64 g/pot; 200 g/m2)
Source
Code Definition
CodeShade
Definitionmedium litter was added to the pot (1.82 g/pot; 100 g/m2) and the pot was placed under an additional shade tent. This treatment was omitted from the manuscript.
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeMv
Definitionfifty seeds of Microstegium vimineum were planted in the pot.
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv
Definitionfifty seeds of Elymus virginicus were planted in the pot.
Source
Code Definition
CodeEv+Mv
Definitionfifty seeds each of Microstegium vimineum and Elymus virginicus were planted in the pot.
Source
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max55 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max132 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max24 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min
Max31 
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codenot to be used for germination data
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1 mv with insect damage
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codecould be dead leaf
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codethinned Mv
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codethinned Mv 7/6
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeherbivory
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code3 could be herbivory not infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codehard to tell if infection or something else
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeduct tape damage to a couple of plants
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeother damage due to herbivory and sun? as well
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codemushrooms growing. One Mv may have a had 1 spot
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled 1 Ev (included in total), 1 lesion/1 leaf/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1 lesion/1 leaf/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codesome Ev have lesions, but the leaves are small and crowded, so it was hard to know if it is infection and count
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1-3 lesions/1 leaf/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeclicker may have gotten stuck (i.e. number may be one or two higher than this)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled out 1 Mv and 2 Ev (included in total)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled out 1 Ev (included in total)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codelots of herbivore scratching
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1 lesion/1 leaf/1 plant, lots of herbivore scratching
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled out 2 Evs (included in the total)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled 1 Ev, 1-3 lesions/1 leaf/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1-2 lesions/1-2 leaves, Ev infection on small leaves, so it is hard to know if it is infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codenot to be used for germination data, clicker may have gotten stuck (i.e. number may be 1 or 2 higher)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1-3 lesions/1 leaf/ 1plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled 1 Ev (included in total), 1 lesion/1 leaf/1 plant, Ev small leaves (hard to ID infection)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1-4 lesions/1-2 leaves/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeaccidentally pulled out 1 Ev and re-planted it (included in total)
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeinfection may be herbivory
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codebrown speckles on lower leaves
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code2-3 lesions/1-2 leaves/1 plant
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1 lesion/leaf with 1-2 leaves/plant, mostly bottom leaves
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeMight be other infection coming from soil
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodePulled out 1
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeThinned
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeLots of spots/senescence which could be other infection or stress- didn't count
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeEspecially hard to count, very tangled. Pulled out 1 Mv
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codemost of the infected were not grouped on same plants
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codethorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codesmall plants or lower leaves infected, thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codenothing entered for Infected Mv, but there were no samples in the plastic bag
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codeinfection on edge, thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code3 infections occurred on higher leaves with a lesion on the edge (didn't include because other searches were restricted to lower leaves), one was on a low/small plant, thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeMv infection on the edge (didn't record whether these were high or low leaves, so they are left in), thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code2 infections on lower leaves, 1 is higher and on the edge (didn't include because other searches were restricted to lower leaves), thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
CodeMv infection on small plant, thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Codethe Ev numbers were entered in 5 High Mv, but I think they belong here because these were missing, thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Code Definition
Code1 infection low, 1 high and on edge (didn't include because other searches were restricted to lower leaves), thorough search for infection
Definitionfor all notes, Mv = Microstegium vimineum, Ev = Elymus virginicus, germination = establishment, infection = at least two foliar lesions
Source
Missing Value Code:
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
     
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
CodeNA
Explnot applicable
Codeblank
Explno additional observations
Accuracy Report:                  
Accuracy Assessment:                  
Coverage:                  
Methods:                  

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:App. S3 code
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code for analyses and figures in Appendix S3
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:appendixS3.R
Size:6159 bytes
Authentication:d75239a8b103deac1c8d18bcb50974d8 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/686056f0c26771851ec738220267e6f0

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Biomass analysis
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code to analyze biomass data
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:biomass_analysis.R
Size:7163 bytes
Authentication:ccbcfdad7cef614bec511f8f7d418cef Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/b5e0212ce3ac079c339d46a3e46ea633

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Data processing
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code to process data for establishment and disease incidence analyses
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:establishment_data_processing.R
Size:9998 bytes
Authentication:054ec48ee86ffaeafa464b4f8cf3372e Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/08fa9c0a2e18301dd14e18c393fb4280

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Establishment and disease incidence analysis
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code to analyze establishment and disease incidence
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:establishment_infection_analysis.R
Size:6211 bytes
Authentication:5bef50db7b164b31222be5864ae311e0 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/947a09a3619aa7f6bde1ff9fea7b5c08

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Figures and values
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code for figures and values in main text
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:figures_values.R
Size:15921 bytes
Authentication:95adc8afb9a89841126351f914bfbfa0 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/4dc05002d0cf8219a872800d48e2a804

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Residuals analysis
Entity Type:unknown
Description:code to analyze model residuals
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:residual_infection_analysis.R
Size:2322 bytes
Authentication:cab42fceb62fe8b9804ffa48f4de953e Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/189/1/d89a5c75672e7a6ac3b8b7f4025b4f9b

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTERlitter, competition, invasive species, disease

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

In May 2018, we collected litter from Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge in Madison, IN, USA (38.965630, -85.364500) and transported it to the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL, USA. Microstegium vimineum has a mixed mating system of cleistogamous (obligately selfed, within leaf sheaths) and chasmogamous (potentially outcrossed, open) seeds (Baker and Dyer 2011). To minimize germination of cleistogamous seeds, we hand-picked them along with any non-M. vimineum material from the litter. We created three litter treatments within the range of litter observed at BONWR (Appendix S1): 0.91 g/pot (50 g/m2, “low”), 1.82 g/pot (100 g/m2, “medium”), 3.64 g/pot (200 g/m2, “high”), and a control treatment without litter (“none”). To enhance sporulation of pathogenic fungi in the litter, we incubated the litter for 56 hours at room temperature in one-gallon plastic bags with a paper towel saturated with deionized water. We collected M. vimineum seeds from BONWR in fall 2015 and purchased E. virginicus seeds from Prairie Moon Nursery (Winona, MN, USA) in spring 2018. On June 15, 2018, we planted three treatments: 50 seeds of E. virginicus, 50 seeds of M. vimineum (both “alone”; i.e., intraspecific competition), and 50 seeds of each (“in competition”; i.e., inter- and intraspecific competition), into 1 L (15.2 cm diameter) plastic pots filled with Metromix 930 growing medium (Sungro Horticulture, Agawam, MA, USA) saturated with tap water. We added the litter treatments to pots, creating twelve treatments (four litter treatments crossed with three planting treatments) with six replicates each. The following day, we topped each pot with a clear plastic sheet (50.8 cm width, 17.8 cm height; 0.005 Grafix Dura-Lar® film, Maple Heights, OH) formed into a cone to increase humidity and potentially enhance fungal sporulation. Cones were opened to cylinders as plants outgrew them. We placed pots under shade tents in the greenhouse to reduce heat stress (photosynthetically active radiation: 224 µMolm-2s-1 +/- 18 µMol m-2s-1), haphazardly rearranged them across two greenhouse benches weekly, and watered them daily. To measure establishment, we counted the number of plants per pot, and to measure disease incidence, we counted the proportion of plants per pot with at least two foliar lesions. We measured establishment and disease incidence weekly for six weeks. Some M. vimineum seedlings grew in E. virginicus-only pots, likely from cleistogamous seeds left in the litter despite our attempts to remove them. We counted and removed these seedlings. After 10 weeks, we cut plant stems at the soil surface and stored each species from each pot in a separate paper bag at 4°C. We then counted the number of M. vimineum plants and E. virginicus tillers (individuals were not identifiable) per pot, and the proportion with two or more foliar lesions. Because M. vimineum had few lesions, we searched for a maximum of ten minutes per M. vimineum per pot. Plants were then oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed.

Data files and code referring to AppS3 correspond to a second experiment that is presented in Appendix S3 of the manuscript. We performed a greenhouse experiment to test the effects of moisture on litter-induced disease of Microstegium vimineum and to assess the potential for Microstegium litter to promote disease symptoms on five native species: Calamagrostis canadensis, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Elymus virginicus, Eragrostis trichodes, and Glyceria striata. We refer to each species by its genus for the remainder of the Methods. We purchased seeds of Calamagrostis, Elymus, Eragrostis, and Glyceria from Prairie Moon Nursery (Winona, MN, USA) in spring 2018 and we purchased Dichanthelium seeds from Sheffield’s Seed Company (Locke, NY, USA) in spring 2018. The Microstegium seeds and litter were collected from Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (Madison, IN, USA), as described above. Additional litter was collected from the same field site in June 2018 and homogenized with the litter collected in May 2018. In contrast with the experiment described in the main text, we did not remove non¬-Microstegium litter or cleistogamous Microstegium seeds from the litter. Seeds and litter were stored at 4℃ until the start of the experiment. The experimental design included five replicate pots for each treatment. There were three treatments for Microstegium—no litter, litter with low moisture, and litter with high moisture—and two treatments for the native species—no litter and litter with high moisture. We planted each species in its own pot (1 L, 6 in. diameter) using Metromix 360 growing medium (Sungro Horticulture, Agawam, MA, USA) saturated with tap water. We used data from a pilot experiment to determine how many seeds to add for each species and when to plant them so that they would be approximately the same height and density when litter was added to the pots. This goal was motivated by the assumption that plant height and density affect the distance fungal spores must travel from litter to live plants for disease transmission to occur. We planted 60 Glyceria seeds per pot 24 days prior to litter addition. We planted 1000 Calamagrostis seeds, 80 Dichanthelium seeds, 60 Elymus seeds, 80 Eragrostis seeds, and 40 Microstegium seeds per pot 20 days prior to litter addition. Approximately seven days post planting, we thinned Elymus and Microstegium pots to 20–25 individuals each. Calamagrostis and Glyceria pots were thinned to space out individuals and the other two native species were not thinned. On July 26, 2018, we filled one-gallon plastic bags with 9.5 g of Microstegium litter and three paper towels saturated with deionized water (one bag per experimental pot). We stored the bags in a growth chamber at 24°C and a 16/8-hour light/dark cycle for 89.5 hours prior to being added to experiment pots. Bags were checked daily and water was added as needed. We measured the heights of five plants per pot from the soil surface in the 24 hours leading up to litter addition. We attached 13 in. x 20 in. clear plastic cylindrical humidity chambers (material described above) around each pot. Just prior to adding litter to pots with the high moisture treatment, we misted plants with tap water for five seconds. We poured the litter from each plastic bag onto a pot, added tap water to the empty bag, shook it, and poured it on the pot. For the high moisture treatment, we misted plants with tap water for five seconds after litter had been added to all pots and two more times afterwards at two-hour intervals. High moisture pots were then misted every two hours and low moisture pots were misted once per day for the second and third days from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. We recorded whether water droplets were observed on leaf surfaces in the litter addition treatments ten times over the first 45 hours of the experiment. In the first 19.4 hours, pots with any water droplets were recorded, but after this time, pots were only recorded as having water droplets if droplets were observed on at least three leaves. On September 13, 2018, plant stems were clipped at the soil surface with scissors and stored at 4°oC in paper bags. Over the following month, we examined plants for foliar lesions for one minute per bag or until lesions were found. Pots were considered infected if at least two brown lesions were observed on leaf surfaces. Black spots were observed but were not counted as lesions. Because Microstegium germinated from cleistogamous seeds in the litter, we also noted whether lesions were observed on their leaf surfaces.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Creators:
Individual: Liliana Benitez
Organization:New College of Florida
Email Address:
liliana.benitez16@ncf.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-6515
Individual: Ashish Adhikari
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
adhikariashish@ufl.edu
Contacts:
Individual: Amy E Kendig
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
aekendig@gmail.com
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-1795

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2018-05-09
End:
2018-11-04
Sampling Site: 
Description:Gainesville, FL, USA
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -82.36Latitude (degree): 29.64

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Keith Clay
Organization:Tulane University
Email Address:
clay@tulane.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3956-0887
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA 2017-67013-26870
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Philip F Harmon
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
pfharmon@ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-5148
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA 2017-67013-26870
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Robert D Holt
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
rdholt@ufl.edu
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA 2017-67013-26870
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Erica M Goss
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
emgoss@ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-2107
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA 2017-67013-26870
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: S Luke Flory
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
flory@ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3336-8613
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA 2017-67013-26870

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:completed
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

To run analyses, create an RStudio project with the following folders: code, data, intermediate-data, output. The code (files ending in .R) and data (files ending in .csv) from this archive should be placed in their respective folders. Run 'establishment_data_processing.R' first. Either 'biomass_analysis.R' or 'establishment_infection_analysis.R' can be run next to generate statistical models for biomass, establishment, and disease incidence. Run 'residual_infection_analysis.R' to generate statistical models for relationships between disease incidence and establishment or biomass. Run 'figures_values.R' to generate figures in manuscript. Run 'appendixS3.R' to generate figures in Appendix S3 of manuscript.

Other Metadata

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

UNM logo UW-M logo