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We include data from 49 sites which are part of the Nutrient Network (NutNet) distributed experiment (Borer et al. 2014a; Borer et al. 2017) (Table S1). Sites were dominated by herbaceous or low-statured vegetation. We used data from sites that had a minimum of five years of cover data to ensure we could distinguish persistence of a species. Additionally, we required that sites applied either the full nutrient or fencing treatment. Multiple-nutrient Experiment: This experiment factorially combined three nutrient-addition treatments each at two levels (Control or Fertilized): Nitrogen addition (10 g N m-2 yr-1 as timed-release urea), Phosphorus addition (10 g P m-2 yr-1 as triple-super phosphate), and Potassium and Micronutrient addition (10 g K m-2 yr-1 as potassium sulfate and 100 g m-2 yr-1 of a micronutrient mix (6% Ca, 3% Mg, 12% S, 0.1% B, 1% Cu, 17% Fe, 2.5% Mn, 0.05% Mo, and 1% Zn). N, P, and K were applied annually, and the micronutrient mix was applied once at the start of the study. Consumer-nutrient Experiment: This experiment factorially combines nutrient addition (Control or Fertilized) and vertebrate consumer presence (Control or Fenced). To do this, we combine the unfenced control and unfenced plots with all nutrients added from the Multiple Nutrient Experiment with two additional treatments using herbivore fencing: Fenced with no nutrients added and Fenced with all nutrients added. Fences were 2.1 m tall and excluded aboveground, non-climbing, vertebrate herbivores. The lower 0.9 m was composed of 1 cm woven wire mesh with a 0.3 m outward-facing flange stapled to the ground to exclude digging animals. The top 1.2 m was composed of five rows of wire. Minor variations in fence design are described by Borer et al (2014a). Calculation of rarity axes: Our paper calculated two indices or rarity, persistence (i.e. temporal) and local abundance (i.e. spatial). Persistence was a simple percentage calculated as the number of years a species was observed by a plot divided by the total number of years a plot was surveyed. This ensures our metric was insensitive to the number of years a plot was surveyed. Local abundance was calculated as the mean rank percentile of a species across all years it was present (i.e. absent years were not included to keep this metric independent of persistence). Rank percentile in a given year is the ascending rank of a species abundance (i.e. the least abundant species is assigned a 1, the second least abundant a 2, etc.) divided by the number of species in a plot that year. This provided a metric that was insensitive to the high variability of species richness at both the local and site levels. The abundance metric used was total percent areal cover as determined by site PIs each year in a permanent 1 x 1 m2 plot. As species can and often do overlap in their canopies, it is typical for plots to exceed 100 for total cover. Persistence is calculated within the R script provided and mean rank abundance is provided as a data value in the provided data table.