| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
---|
Column Name: | ISCN 1-1 (2015-12-10)
| dataset_name_sub
| dataset_name_soc
| lat (dec. deg)
| long (dec. deg)
| datum (datum)
| state (state_province)
| country (country)
| site_name
| observation_date (YYYY-MM-DD)
| profile_name
| layer_name
| layer_top (cm)
| layer_bot (cm)
| hzn_desgn_other
| hzn
| hzn_desgn
| layer_note
| color
| vegclass_local
| soil_taxon
| soil_series
| bd_method
| bd_samp (g cm-3)
| bd_tot (g cm-3)
| bd_whole (g cm-3)
| bd_other (g cm-3)
| bdNRCS_prep_code
| cNRCS_prep_code
| c_method
| c_tot (percent)
| oc (percent)
| loi (percent)
| n_tot (percent)
| c_to_n (mass ratio)
| soc (g cm-2)
| soc_carbon_flag
| soc_method
| ph_method
| ph_cacl
| ph_h2o
| ph_other
| caco3 (percent)
| sand_tot_psa (percent)
| silt_tot_psa (percent)
| clay_tot_psa (percent)
| wpg2_method
| wpg2 (percent)
| cat_exch (cmol H+ kg-1)
| al_dith (specified by al_fe_units)
| al_ox (specified by al_fe_units)
| al_other (specified by al_fe_units)
| fe_dith (specified by al_fe_units)
| fe_ox (specified by al_fe_units)
| fe_other (specified by al_fe_units)
| mn_dith (specified by al_fe_units)
| mn_ox (specified by al_fe_units)
| mn_other (specified by al_fe_units)
| al_fe_units (extract_units)
| al_fe_method
| ca_al (specified by bc_units)
| ca_ext (specified by bc_units)
| k_ext (specified by bc_units)
| mg_ext (specified by bc_units)
| na_ext (specified by bc_units)
| bc_units (extract_units)
| bc_method
| base_sum (specified by cec_h_units)
| cec_sum (specified by cec_h_units)
| ecec (specified by cec_h_units)
| cec_h_units (extract_units)
| bs (percent)
| bs_sum (percent)
| h_ext (specified by metal_ext_units)
| zn_ext (specified by metal_ext_units)
| metal_ext_units (extract_units)
| metal_ext_method
| p_bray (specified by p_units)
| p_ox (specified by p_units)
| p_meh (specified by p_units)
| p_other (specified by p_units)
| p_units (extract_units)
| p_method
| root_quant_size
| root_weight (g)
| 15n (‰)
| 13c (‰)
| 14c (‰)
| 14c_sigma (‰)
| 14c_age (BP)
| 14c_age_sigma (BP)
| fraction_modern
| fraction_modern_sigma
| textureClass
| locator_parent_alias
|
Definition: | Identifier for the data product | Identifier for the submitted data set | Identifier for data set providing the SOC | The latitudinal coordinate, in decimal degrees, to the appropriate level of spatial accuracy (up to five decimal degrees; WGS84 Latitude/Longitude datum preferred). Examples include: “64.67083” | The longitudinal coordinate, in decimal degrees, to the appropriate level of spatial accuracy (up to five decimal degrees; WGS84 Latitude/Longitude datum preferred). Examples include: “-148.32683” | Latitude/Longitude datum against which Latitude and Longitude are reported. If left blank, WGS84 will be assumed. Controlled vocabulary: datum | A politically defined sub-region of a country, described as either a state or province. Controlled vocabulary: state_province | Nation of origin of the data. Controlled vocabulary: country | A unique name for a site that corresponds to a georeferenced point. Examples include: “101”,“DFTC”, “Site 1”, “99AK180003” | The date at which the profile was taken at the site. Examples include: “2001-08-20” | A unique name for a single profile. This can be the same as the site name if there is only one profile at the site. For NRCS data it is the same as “Pedon ID”. Examples include: “BZBS4”, “99P0544”, “Profile 1” | A unique name for a single sampled layer. This can be a name that denotes depth, sequence, etc. Examples include: “0-10”, “10-20”, “40A04456”, “BZBS 4.1” | The top (upper) depth of the layer. The surface of the non-green (i.e. non-living) surface layer is “0”. The top of the O-horizon should be 0. | The bottom (lower) depth of the layer. If it is uncertain that the bottom of the designated horizon was reached, enter the depth to the bottom of the sampled layer. Note that this is the same as hzn_bot in the NRCS database. | Horizon designation following a convention other than NRCS. Please document the convention in the associated Horizon Designation Other Note. Examples include: “L”, “F”, “M”, “H”, “OF”, “OM”, “OH” | Soil horizon description | Follow conventions of the USDA-NRCS-NSSC Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Staff 2002; pp. 2-2 through 2-4). Note that datasets originally using another convention will be modified for this column. If a different convention was used it can be entered in Horizon Designation Other. Examples include: “Oi”, “A”, “AE”, “A/E”, “Bwf”, “Bhs” | A description of the sampled layer. For example, a full NRCS horizon description. Examples include: “2-5 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate very fine platy structure; very friable; many roots; many fine vesicular pores; brown (10YR 5/3) on plate faces; many very thin bands of finer material similar to B't (below) throughout the horizon; abrupt wavy boundary”, “Denser, darker fabrics with white fungus and larger roots” | Color of moist soil based on the Munsell soil color chart. Examples include: “10YR 3/3” | The type of vegetation at the site, described according to the classification scheme commonly used at the site. Indicate the scheme in the Local Vegetation Classification Type. Leave blank if unknown or no local classification applies. Examples include: For Alaska, level IV or V is preferred, but when this is not possible, use Level II or III. Examples include “1.C.2”, “3.A.1”, “4.C.1”. | The taxonomic classification of the soil profile following NRCS convention (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/). Examples include: “Coarse-silty, mixed, active, subgelic Typic Dystrocryepts”, “Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods” | The NRCS soil series of the profile (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/). Examples include: Cowboy, Rubicon, Tawas | Please reference or describe the methods used to determine bulk density. Examples include: “Determined BD_sample from core volume and dry weight of <2mm fraction”, “Strahm et al. 2005 Soil Solution…” | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with soil particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater that 1 cm diameter removed. | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with soil particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater that 1 cm diameter included. | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with the content of soil particles >2mm and roots >1cm diameter estimated and subtracted. | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter. Please document the method used in the associated Bulk Density Method including the soil particle fraction used. | NRCS bulk density method code | NRCS soil carbon method code | Provide reference or describe the sample preparation and analysis methods used to determine carbon concentrations, whether Total Carbon, organic C, or Loss on Ignition. Examples include: “Determined total %C from CHN analysis of air dried <2mm fraction” | Percent by weight of carbon in the dried, milled soil sample. This measurement will typically correspond to analytical results from an elemental analyzer. | Percent by weight of carbon in a dried soil sample after acidification with HCl, OR organic carbon as estimated by Walkley-Black Modified Acid-Dichromate (e.g. ‘Organic Carbon’ in the NRCS database). Please document the method in the associated Carbon Analysis Methods. | Percent by weight of the organic content of the <2mm fraction is the organic material lost after ignition. It is reported on a <2 mm base. Please document the method in the associated Carbon Analysis Method. | Percent by weight of nitrogen (organic and inorganic) in an oven-dried sample (the laboratory analytical concentration). | Mass ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen, as calculated from the total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations of the bulk layer, fraction, or other sample type. | The data contributor's calculated soil organic carbon stock value for the site, cluster, profile or layer. | SOC method calculation by ISCN. If absent, SOC values provided by data submission. | A description of the methods used to calculate (including any gap-filling) site, cluster, profile or layer soil organic carbon stocks. | Provide reference or describe the sample preparation and analysis methods used for determinations of pH if not 1:1 soil and distilled water paste or in CaCl2. | 1:2 soil-CaCl2 is the pH of a sample measured in 0.01M CaCl2 at a 1:2 soil:solution ratio. | 1:1 distilled water and soil paste. If pH was done by a different method, then enter it into one of the other soil pH fields. | pH measurements other than 1:1 soil and distilled water paste or in CaCl2. Please document the method in the associated pH Method. | Inorganic carbon concentration as measured or estimated by the contributor. Please document the method in the associated Processed Site Organic Carbon Content Method. | Percent by weight of soil particles greater than 0.05 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. | Percent by weight of soil particles in the size range from 0.002 to 0.050 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. | Percent by weight of soil particles less than 0.002 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. | Provide a reference for or describe the methods used to determine coarse fragment content. | The weight fraction of particles with >2 mm diameter is reported as a gravimetric percent on a whole soil base. Please include metadata in the Coarse Fragments Method column (e.g. estimate or quantitative). | Document the extractant solution in the metadata worksheet, Lab Analysis Method. | Dithionate extractable [Al] | Oxalate extractable [Al] | Other extractable [Al] | Dithionate extractable [Fe] | Oxalate extractable [Fe] | Other extractable [Fe] | Dithionate extractable [Mn] | Oxalate extractable [Mn] | Other extractable [Mn] | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units | Al, Fe, Mn extraction methods | Ca:Al (molar) | Extractable [Ca] | Extractable [K] | Extractable [Mg] | Extractable [Na] | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units | Base cation extraction methods | CEC, sum of bases | CEC, sum of cations | Effective CEC | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units | Base saturation | Base saturation, sum of cations | Extractable acidity | Extractable [Zn] | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units | Extractable metal methods | Extractable [P] (Bray) | Extractable [P] (Oxalate) | Extractable [P] (NZ) | Extractable [P] (Other) | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units | Extractable P methods | Use USDA NRCS conventions from the USDA-NRCS-NSSC Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Staff 2002; p.2-56): Record the average quantity from 3 to 5 representative unit areas. Size classes of roots being considered: very fine, < 1mm; fine, 1 – 2mm diameter. Examples include: few very fine, Common very fine, fine | Dry weight of roots ≤2 mm in diameter in the sample. | Per mille signature of δ15N relative to air (international standard). | Per mille signature of δ13C relative to Pee Dee Belemnite. | Per mille signature of Δ14C relative to NBS Oxalic Acid standard. | Error estimate for the fraction (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). | Uncalibrated radiocarbon age of bulk soil in layer, as calculated from corrected fraction modern, using the Libby half-life value of 5568 years. | Error estimate for the fraction (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). | Deviation of the bulk sample or fraction from modern. Modern is defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration (in AD 1950) of NBS Oxalic Acid standard, 13C-corrected. | Error estimate for an individual layer (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). | Soil texture classification. If no information is provided, this will be automatically generated from %sand, %silt, %clay data (coarse = ≥50% sand; fine = <50% sand). | Contributor data set identifier |
Storage Type: | string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
| string
|
Measurement Type: | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal | nominal |
Measurement Values Domain: | Definition | Identifier for the data product |
| Definition | Identifier for the submitted data set |
| Definition | Identifier for data set providing the SOC |
| Definition | The latitudinal coordinate, in decimal degrees, to the appropriate level of spatial accuracy (up to five decimal degrees; WGS84 Latitude/Longitude datum preferred). Examples include: “64.67083” |
| Definition | The longitudinal coordinate, in decimal degrees, to the appropriate level of spatial accuracy (up to five decimal degrees; WGS84 Latitude/Longitude datum preferred). Examples include: “-148.32683” |
| Definition | Latitude/Longitude datum against which Latitude and Longitude are reported. If left blank, WGS84 will be assumed. Controlled vocabulary: datum |
| Definition | A politically defined sub-region of a country, described as either a state or province. Controlled vocabulary: state_province |
| Definition | Nation of origin of the data. Controlled vocabulary: country |
| Definition | A unique name for a site that corresponds to a georeferenced point. Examples include: “101”,“DFTC”, “Site 1”, “99AK180003” |
| Definition | The date at which the profile was taken at the site. Examples include: “2001-08-20” |
| Definition | A unique name for a single profile. This can be the same as the site name if there is only one profile at the site. For NRCS data it is the same as “Pedon ID”. Examples include: “BZBS4”, “99P0544”, “Profile 1” |
| Definition | A unique name for a single sampled layer. This can be a name that denotes depth, sequence, etc. Examples include: “0-10”, “10-20”, “40A04456”, “BZBS 4.1” |
| Definition | The top (upper) depth of the layer. The surface of the non-green (i.e. non-living) surface layer is “0”. The top of the O-horizon should be 0. |
| Definition | The bottom (lower) depth of the layer. If it is uncertain that the bottom of the designated horizon was reached, enter the depth to the bottom of the sampled layer. Note that this is the same as hzn_bot in the NRCS database. |
| Definition | Horizon designation following a convention other than NRCS. Please document the convention in the associated Horizon Designation Other Note. Examples include: “L”, “F”, “M”, “H”, “OF”, “OM”, “OH” |
| Definition | Soil horizon description |
| Definition | Follow conventions of the USDA-NRCS-NSSC Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Staff 2002; pp. 2-2 through 2-4). Note that datasets originally using another convention will be modified for this column. If a different convention was used it can be entered in Horizon Designation Other. Examples include: “Oi”, “A”, “AE”, “A/E”, “Bwf”, “Bhs” |
| Definition | A description of the sampled layer. For example, a full NRCS horizon description. Examples include: “2-5 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate very fine platy structure; very friable; many roots; many fine vesicular pores; brown (10YR 5/3) on plate faces; many very thin bands of finer material similar to B't (below) throughout the horizon; abrupt wavy boundary”, “Denser, darker fabrics with white fungus and larger roots” |
| Definition | Color of moist soil based on the Munsell soil color chart. Examples include: “10YR 3/3” |
| Definition | The type of vegetation at the site, described according to the classification scheme commonly used at the site. Indicate the scheme in the Local Vegetation Classification Type. Leave blank if unknown or no local classification applies. Examples include: For Alaska, level IV or V is preferred, but when this is not possible, use Level II or III. Examples include “1.C.2”, “3.A.1”, “4.C.1”. |
| Definition | The taxonomic classification of the soil profile following NRCS convention (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/). Examples include: “Coarse-silty, mixed, active, subgelic Typic Dystrocryepts”, “Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods” |
| Definition | The NRCS soil series of the profile (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/). Examples include: Cowboy, Rubicon, Tawas |
| Definition | Please reference or describe the methods used to determine bulk density. Examples include: “Determined BD_sample from core volume and dry weight of <2mm fraction”, “Strahm et al. 2005 Soil Solution…” |
| Definition | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with soil particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater that 1 cm diameter removed. |
| Definition | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with soil particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater that 1 cm diameter included. |
| Definition | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter, with the content of soil particles >2mm and roots >1cm diameter estimated and subtracted. |
| Definition | Grams of oven-dried soil per cubic centimeter. Please document the method used in the associated Bulk Density Method including the soil particle fraction used. |
| Definition | NRCS bulk density method code |
| Definition | NRCS soil carbon method code |
| Definition | Provide reference or describe the sample preparation and analysis methods used to determine carbon concentrations, whether Total Carbon, organic C, or Loss on Ignition. Examples include: “Determined total %C from CHN analysis of air dried <2mm fraction” |
| Definition | Percent by weight of carbon in the dried, milled soil sample. This measurement will typically correspond to analytical results from an elemental analyzer. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of carbon in a dried soil sample after acidification with HCl, OR organic carbon as estimated by Walkley-Black Modified Acid-Dichromate (e.g. ‘Organic Carbon’ in the NRCS database). Please document the method in the associated Carbon Analysis Methods. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of the organic content of the <2mm fraction is the organic material lost after ignition. It is reported on a <2 mm base. Please document the method in the associated Carbon Analysis Method. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of nitrogen (organic and inorganic) in an oven-dried sample (the laboratory analytical concentration). |
| Definition | Mass ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen, as calculated from the total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations of the bulk layer, fraction, or other sample type. |
| Definition | The data contributor's calculated soil organic carbon stock value for the site, cluster, profile or layer. |
| Definition | SOC method calculation by ISCN. If absent, SOC values provided by data submission. |
| Definition | A description of the methods used to calculate (including any gap-filling) site, cluster, profile or layer soil organic carbon stocks. |
| Definition | Provide reference or describe the sample preparation and analysis methods used for determinations of pH if not 1:1 soil and distilled water paste or in CaCl2. |
| Definition | 1:2 soil-CaCl2 is the pH of a sample measured in 0.01M CaCl2 at a 1:2 soil:solution ratio. |
| Definition | 1:1 distilled water and soil paste. If pH was done by a different method, then enter it into one of the other soil pH fields. |
| Definition | pH measurements other than 1:1 soil and distilled water paste or in CaCl2. Please document the method in the associated pH Method. |
| Definition | Inorganic carbon concentration as measured or estimated by the contributor. Please document the method in the associated Processed Site Organic Carbon Content Method. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of soil particles greater than 0.05 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of soil particles in the size range from 0.002 to 0.050 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. |
| Definition | Percent by weight of soil particles less than 0.002 mm in the sample remaining after removal of particles greater than 2 mm and roots greater than 1 cm diameter. See Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. 1986. |
| Definition | Provide a reference for or describe the methods used to determine coarse fragment content. |
| Definition | The weight fraction of particles with >2 mm diameter is reported as a gravimetric percent on a whole soil base. Please include metadata in the Coarse Fragments Method column (e.g. estimate or quantitative). |
| Definition | Document the extractant solution in the metadata worksheet, Lab Analysis Method. |
| Definition | Dithionate extractable [Al] |
| Definition | Oxalate extractable [Al] |
| Definition | Other extractable [Al] |
| Definition | Dithionate extractable [Fe] |
| Definition | Oxalate extractable [Fe] |
| Definition | Other extractable [Fe] |
| Definition | Dithionate extractable [Mn] |
| Definition | Oxalate extractable [Mn] |
| Definition | Other extractable [Mn] |
| Definition | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units |
| Definition | Al, Fe, Mn extraction methods |
| | Definition | Extractable [Ca] |
| Definition | Extractable [K] |
| Definition | Extractable [Mg] |
| Definition | Extractable [Na] |
| Definition | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units |
| Definition | Base cation extraction methods |
| Definition | CEC, sum of bases |
| Definition | CEC, sum of cations |
| | Definition | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units |
| Definition | Base saturation |
| Definition | Base saturation, sum of cations |
| Definition | Extractable acidity |
| Definition | Extractable [Zn] |
| Definition | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units |
| Definition | Extractable metal methods |
| Definition | Extractable [P] (Bray) |
| Definition | Extractable [P] (Oxalate) |
| Definition | Extractable [P] (NZ) |
| Definition | Extractable [P] (Other) |
| Definition | Controlled vocabulary: extract_units |
| Definition | Extractable P methods |
| Definition | Use USDA NRCS conventions from the USDA-NRCS-NSSC Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Staff 2002; p.2-56): Record the average quantity from 3 to 5 representative unit areas. Size classes of roots being considered: very fine, < 1mm; fine, 1 – 2mm diameter. Examples include: few very fine, Common very fine, fine |
| Definition | Dry weight of roots ≤2 mm in diameter in the sample. |
| Definition | Per mille signature of δ15N relative to air (international standard). |
| Definition | Per mille signature of δ13C relative to Pee Dee Belemnite. |
| Definition | Per mille signature of Δ14C relative to NBS Oxalic Acid standard. |
| Definition | Error estimate for the fraction (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). |
| Definition | Uncalibrated radiocarbon age of bulk soil in layer, as calculated from corrected fraction modern, using the Libby half-life value of 5568 years. |
| Definition | Error estimate for the fraction (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). |
| Definition | Deviation of the bulk sample or fraction from modern. Modern is defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration (in AD 1950) of NBS Oxalic Acid standard, 13C-corrected. |
| Definition | Error estimate for an individual layer (eg. standard deviation of analytical reps). |
| Definition | Soil texture classification. If no information is provided, this will be automatically generated from %sand, %silt, %clay data (coarse = ≥50% sand; fine = <50% sand). |
| Definition | Contributor data set identifier |
|
Missing Value Code: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accuracy Report: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accuracy Assessment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Coverage: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Methods: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |