Data Package Metadata View Summary

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	edi.375.1
Title:	Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	This dataset contains processed data for the publication Patel et al. 2021. "Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil". Geoderma. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115353. Northeastern North America has been experiencing warmer winters with reduced snow accumulation, with more frequent winter freeze-thaw cycles. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate how increased frequency of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) would alter soil C and N availability. Organic (O) and mineral (B) horizon soils were collected from a coniferous forest in Maine, processed to exclude roots, and then frozen in the laboratory (-10 °C) with one (FTC-1), two (FTC-2), or six (FTC-6) thaw periods (+5 °C). Soils were analyzed for extractable ammonium (NH4-N), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), carbon dioxide flux (respiration), and total C and N. Extractable NH4-N increased following FTC (all levels), for both horizons. While WEOC concentrations did not change for FTC vs. control, the WEOC in O horizons had a lower SUVA254 in FTC soils compared to control, indicating a stronger microbial influence (i.e., microbial cell lysis) in these soils after FTC. Respiration in O horizon soils decreased post-incubation and did not differ between FTC and Control soils. In the B horizon, however, FTC soils showed greater respiration than Control soils, suggesting that the newly available nutrients may have stimulated microbial activity. In contrast to these results, total C and N remained unaltered by FTC, presumably because the FTC disturbances represented mostly a translocation of C and N from one pool into another, and losses due to respiration were too small to significantly influence the large TC and TN pools. The effect of FTC on NH4-N did not change with FTC frequency, suggesting that a single FTC is sufficient to alter both C and N availability and/or quality, and that additional FTC may not have a significant further effect. This study provides fresh insights on how organic and mineral horizon soils might respond to increased freeze-thaw frequency in winter.
Publication Date:	2021-07-27

Time Period

Begin:

2017-01-01

End:

2017-12-31

People and Organizations
Contact:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) [ email ]
Creator:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)
Creator:	Tatariw, Corianne (University of Alabama)
Creator:	MacRae, Jean D. (University of Maine)
Creator:	Ohno, Tsutomu (University of Maine)
Creator:	Nelson, Sarah J. (University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club)
Creator:	Fernandez, Ivan J. (University of Maine)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	dbdf_freeze_thaw_processed.csv
Description:	dbdf_freeze_thaw_processed.csv

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/375/1/db62f428cf1e98f7901f92c30ba641a9
Name:	dbdf_freeze_thaw_processed.csv
Description:	dbdf_freeze_thaw_processed.csv
Number of Records:	80
Number of Columns:	11

Table Structure

Object Name:

dbdf_freeze_thaw_processed.csv

Size:

4983 bytes

Authentication:

a12783a0c9c32569a08967945632eec5 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

time

sample_id

horizon

treatment

ftc

flux_mgC_g_hr

nh4_mg_kg

weoc_mg_kg

suva_L_mg_m

tc_perc

tn_perc

Definition:

Sampling time

Sample ID

Soil horizon

Incubation treatments

Number of freeze-thaw cycles

Headspace CO2 flux, MilligramsCarbonPerGramPerHour

Extractable ammonium, MilligramsNitrogenPerKilogramSoil

Water extractable organic carbon, MilligramsCarbonPerKilogramSoil

Specific UV absorbance at 254 nm

Total carbon

Total nitrogen

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	initial
Definition	pre-incubation
Source

Code Definition

Code	post-freeze
Definition	after freeze-thaw incubation
Source

Definition

Sample ID

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	B
Definition	mineral (B) horizon
Source

Code Definition

Code	O
Definition	organic horizon
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	control
Definition	control
Source

Code Definition

Code	freeze-thaw
Definition	freeze-thaw
Source

Definition

Number of freeze-thaw cycles

Unit	milligramPerGramPerHour
Type	real
Min	0.41
Max	34

Unit	milligramPerKilogram
Type	real
Min	1.79
Max	182.69

Unit	milligramPerKilogram
Type	real
Min	1.76
Max	391.37

Unit	literPerMilligramPerMeter
Type	real
Min	0.62
Max	5.88

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	3.07
Max	40.6

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	0.129
Max	1.29

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	forest soils, soil frost, winter climate change, mesocosms
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	soil respiration

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

<emphasis role="strong">Gravimetric moisture</emphasis>

Gravimetric moisture was determined by drying subsamples at 65/105 °C for 24 hours and calculating the amount of water lost.

gravimetric moisture, % = [(FM – OD)/OD] * 100

where FM = field moist weight, OD = oven-dry weight

<emphasis role="strong">Soil inorganic N</emphasis>

Soil inorganic N (ammonium, NH₄ ⁺-N and nitrate, NO₃ ^--N) was extracted using 2M KCl (soil:extractant ratio 1:10), shaken for 30 minutes, and filtered through Whatman® 42 filter paper. Inorganic N concentration was determined colorimetrically on an Alpkem A/E Ion Analyzer (OI Analytics) at the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (MAFES) Analytical Laboratory.

<emphasis role="strong">Water extractable organic C (WEOC)</emphasis>

Organic C was extracted using deionized water (soil:extractant ratio 1:10), and hand-shaken for one minute before centrifuging and filtration through Nuclepore™ 0.4 µm polycarbonate membranes (procedure modified from (Hunt and Ohno, 2007). WEOC concentration was measured on a Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer. WEOC absorbance was measured on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer, and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) was calculated from absorbance at 254 nm (Weishaar et al., 2003).

<emphasis role="strong">Total C and total N</emphasis>

Air-dried soils were ground to 2 mm using a Wiley Mill, and TC and TN were determined as percentage values by dry combustion (Sollins et al., 1999) on a LECO TruMac CN analyzer (MAFES Analytical Laboratory).

<emphasis role="strong">Soil respiration</emphasis>

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux was determined by the static chamber method of (Collier et al., 2014). The Mason jars were closed with lids fitted with rubber septa, and 15 mL gas samples were collected from the headspace every 20 minutes for one hour. The gas samples were stored in evacuated sealed vials (Exetainer®; Labco Limited, UK), and refrigerated until analysis (maximum storage time of 48 hours). The gas samples were analyzed for CO₂ concentrations on a LI-COR LI-7000 gas analyzer, and converted from volumetric to mass using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

where P = pressure (1 atm), V = headspace volume, n = number of moles, R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.0821 atm L mol^-1 K^-1), T = temperature (278 K).

We evaluated concentration-vs-time data for linearity, and used the slope to calculate flux, normalized to soil weight:

F = SV/W

where F = flux (mol g^-1 hr^-1), V = headspace volume, and W = air-dry equivalent soil weight.

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Creators:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Individual:

Corianne Tatariw

Organization:

University of Alabama

Email Address:

ctatariw@ua.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-7528

Individual:

Jean D. MacRae

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

jean.macrae@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-2329

Individual:

Tsutomu Ohno

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ohno@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-0364

Individual:

Sarah J. Nelson

Organization:

University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club

Email Address:

snelson@outdoors.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-7521

Individual:

Ivan J. Fernandez

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ivanjf@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2205

Contacts:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2017-01-01

End:

2017-12-31

Sampling Site:

Description:

This study was conducted at the University of Maine’s Dwight B. DeMerritt Forest (44°56′N, 68°40′W) in Old Town, Maine. Average annual air temperature (2005–2014) at the site is 6.4 °C and annual precipitation is 1184 mm; average winter [December–January–February (DJF)] air temperature and precipitation are −6.8 °C and 272 mm, respectively (Station GHCND: USW00094644. Vegetation at the site is dominated by Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock), and Picea rubens (red spruce). Soils are acidic (pH-CaCl2 = 3.2), well drained, coarse-loamy, isotic frigid Typic Haplorthods (Bangor series), with O horizons 1–5 cm thick.

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-68.667

Latitude (degree):

44.933

Project

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	completed
Frequency:

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'milligramPerGramPerHour'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1000'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'milligramPerGramPerHour'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'gramPerGram'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'massFlux'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'massPerMassFlux'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'literPerMilligramPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'literPerMilligramPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'absorbance'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'absorbance'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata