Data Package Metadata View Summary

Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pressure, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter at discrete depths in Falling Creek Reservoir, Virginia, USA in 2018-2021

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.518.9

Title:

Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pressure, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter at discrete depths in Falling Creek Reservoir, Virginia, USA in 2018-2021

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Depth profiles of water temperature on 1m intervals from 0.1 to 9 m depth; dissolved oxygen at 5 and 9 m depth; pressure at 9 m depth; and temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and pressure at ~1.6 m depth were collected with a suite of high-frequency sensors at Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA) on the 10-minute scale in 2018-2021. Falling Creek Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a primary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data product consists of one dataset compiled from water temperature data measured at multiple depths by thermistors, two dissolved oxygen sensors at multiple depths, pressure measured at one depth, and a YSI EXO2 sonde that measures temperature, dissolved oxygen, pressure, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter, at one depth, all measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam.

Publication Date:

2022-01-25

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2018-07-05

End:

2021-12-31

People and Organizations
Contact:	Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech) [ email ]
Creator:	Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:	Breef-Pilz, Adrienne (Virginia Tech)
Creator:	Woelmer, Whitney M . (Virginia Tech)
Creator:	Bookout, Bethany J. (Virginia Tech)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	FCR_Catwalk_2018_2021.csv
Description:	FCR Catwalk Sensor String
Other Name:	FCR_catwalk_QAQC_function_2018_2021.R
Description:	Automated QAQC script
Other Name:	FCR_catwalk_QAQC_Plots_2018_2021.R
Description:	Final script to run QAQC
Other Name:	FCR_CAT_MaintenanceLog_2018_2021.txt
Description:	Maintenance log for catwalk sensors

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/518/9/23a191c1870a5b18cbc17f2779f719cf
Name:	FCR_Catwalk_2018_2021.csv
Description:	FCR Catwalk Sensor String
Number of Records:	182886
Number of Columns:	75

Table Structure

Object Name:

FCR_Catwalk_2018_2021.csv

Size:

68181413 bytes

Authentication:

899ef4ea626068b0f8a7ad2e7f89bb77 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Reservoir

Site

DateTime

ThermistorTemp_C_surface

ThermistorTemp_C_1

ThermistorTemp_C_2

ThermistorTemp_C_3

ThermistorTemp_C_4

ThermistorTemp_C_5

ThermistorTemp_C_6

ThermistorTemp_C_7

ThermistorTemp_C_8

ThermistorTemp_C_9

RDO_mgL_5

RDOsat_percent_5

RDO_mgL_5_adjusted

RDOsat_percent_5_adjusted

RDOTemp_C_5

RDO_mgL_9

RDOsat_percent_9

RDO_mgL_9_adjusted

RDOsat_percent_9_adjusted

RDOTemp_C_9

EXOTemp_C_1

EXOCond_uScm_1

EXOSpCond_uScm_1

EXOTDS_mgL_1

EXODOsat_percent_1

EXODO_mgL_1

EXOChla_RFU_1

EXOChla_ugL_1

EXOBGAPC_RFU_1

EXOBGAPC_ugL_1

EXOfDOM_RFU_1

EXOfDOM_QSU_1

EXO_pressure_psi

EXO_depth_m

EXO_battery_V

EXO_cablepower_V

EXO_wiper_V

Lvl_psi_9

LvlTemp_C_9

RECORD

CR6_Batt_V

CR6Panel_Temp_C

Flag_All

Flag_Temp_Surf

Flag_Temp_1

Flag_Temp_2

Flag_Temp_3

Flag_Temp_4

Flag_Temp_5

Flag_Temp_6

Flag_Temp_7

Flag_Temp_8

Flag_Temp_9

Flag_DO_5_obs

Flag_DO_5_sat

Flag_DO_5_temp

Flag_DO_9_obs

Flag_DO_9_sat

Flag_DO_9_temp

Flag_EXOTemp

Flag_Cond

Flag_SpCond

Flag_TDS

Flag_DO_1_sat

Flag_DO_1_obs

Flag_Chla_RFU

Flag_Chla_ugL

Flag_Phyco_RFU

Flag_Phyco_ugL

Flag_fDOM_RFU

Flag_fDOM_QSU

Flag_LvlPres

Definition:

Three-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; FCR = Falling Creek Reservoir

Sampling site within each reservoir; 50 = Deep hole or site nearest to dam in the reservoir, attached to the catwalk

Date and time of sampling. All data were collected in the eastern standard time zone of the U.S.A., with daylight savings time not observed, GMT -4

Water temperature at the surface as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 1 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 2 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 3 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 4 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 5 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 6 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 7 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 8 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Water temperature at 9 meter depth as measured by the thermistor

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration at 5 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) percent saturation at 5 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

One period in summer 2019 appears to have had extensive fouling on the 5 meter oxygen sonde, as evidenced by inexplicably low oxygen readings. We adjusted these values using linear or square root functions to best match simultaneous readings from a high-resolution CTD profile. This column gives the adjusted values. Added in the 2019 revision.

One period in summer 2019 appears to have had extensive fouling on the 5 meter oxygen sonde, as evidenced by inexplicably low oxygen readings. We adjusted these values using linear or square root functions to best match simultaneous readings from a high-resolution CTD profiler. This column gives the adjusted values. Added in the 2019 revision.

Water temperature as measured by the DO sonde at 5 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration at 9 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) percent saturation at 9 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

Two periods in summer 2019 and four periods in 2020 appears to have had extensive fouling on the 9 meter oxygen sonde, as evidenced by inexplicably low oxygen readings. We adjusted these values using linear or square root functions to best match simultaneous readings from a high-resolution CTD profiler. This column gives the adjusted values. Added in the 2019 and 2020 revision.

Water temperature as measured by the DO sonde at 9 meter depth as measured by the RDO Sensor

Water temperature at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde

Conductivity at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde

Specific conductivity at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde as measured by the EXO Sonde

Dissolved Oxygen percent saturation at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde

Dissolved Oxygen at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde

Total Chlorophyll a at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde in RFU

Total Chlorophyll a at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde in ugL

Blue-Green Algae Phyocycanin at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde in RFU

Blue-Green Algae Phycoycanin at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde in ugL

Fluorecent Dissolved Organic Matter at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sonde in RFU

Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter at 1.6 meter depth as measured by the EXO Sondein QSU

Gauge pressure of EXO sonde at 1.6m; measured relative to ambient atmospheric pressure

Depth of the EXO sonde as measured by the EXO sonde

Voltage of the EXO sonde internal batteries

Measure of power being used by the cable connected to the CR6 datalogger as measured by the EXO sonde

Wiper brush cleaning system activation signal as measured by the EXO sonde

Measure of the pressure from the bottom sensor in the string which is about 9m

Water temperature at the last sensor in the string (about 9m) as measured by the pressure transducer

The nth record collected since the instrument was turned on or the program was altered

The battery voltage of the CR6 at that time

Panel temperature of the CR6 data logger

Data flag for all data parameters(ThermistorTemp_C_surface,ThermistorTemp_C_1,ThermistorTemp_C_2,ThermistorTemp_C_3,ThermistorTemp_C_4,ThermistorTemp_C_5,ThermistorTemp_C_6,ThermistorTemp_C_7,ThermistorTemp_C_8,ThermistorTemp_C_9,RDO_mgL_5,RDOsat_percent_5,RDOTemp_C_5,RDO_mgL_9,RDOsat_percent_9,RDOTemp_C_9,EXOTemp_C_1,EXOCond_uScm_1,EXOSpCond _uScm_1,EXOTDS_mgL_1,EXODOsat_percent_1,EXODO_mgL_1,EXOChla_RFU_1,EXOChla_ugL_1, EXOBGAPC_RFU_1, EXOBGAPC _ugL_1,EXOfDOM_RFU_1,EXOfDOM_QSU_1, EXO_pressure,EXO_depth,EXO_battery, EXO_cablepower, EXO_wiper, Lvl_psi_9, LvlTemp_C_9, RECORD, CR6_Batt_V, CR6Panel_Temp_C)

Data flag for temperature data at 0.1m (ThermistorTemp_C_surface)

Data flag for temperature data at 1m (ThermistorTemp_C_1)

Data flag for temperature data at 2m (ThermistorTemp_C_2)

Data flag for temperature data at 3m (ThermistorTemp_C_3)

Data flag for temperature data at 4m (ThermistorTemp_C_4)

Data flag for temperature data at 5m (ThermistorTemp_C_5)

Data flag for temperature data at 6m (ThermistorTemp_C_6)

Data flag for temperature data at 7m (ThermistorTemp_C_7)

Data flag for temperature data at 8m (ThermistorTemp_C_8)

Data flag for temperature data at 9m (ThermistorTemp_C_9)

Data flag for DO data in mg/L at 5 meter depth (RDO_mgL_5)

Data flag for DO data in saturation at 5 meter depth (RDOsat_percent_5)

Data flag for temperature on the DO sensor at 5 meter depth (RDOTemp_C_5)

Data flag for DO data in mg/L at 9 meter depth (RDO_mgL_9)

Data flag for DO data in saturation at 9 meter depth (RDOsat_percent_9)

Data flag for temperature on the DO sensor at 9 meter depth (RDOTemp_C_9)

Data flag for EXO2 Temperature data (EXOTemp_C_1)

Data flag for EXO2 conductivity data (EXOCond_uScm_1)

Data flag for EXO2 specific conductivity data (EXOSpCond _uScm_1)

Data flag for EXO2 total dissolved solids data (EXOTDS_mgL_1)

Data flag for EXO2 DO data at 1.6 meter depth (EXODOsat_percent_1)

Data flag for EXO2 DO data at 1.6 meter depth (EXODO_mgL_1)

Data flag for EXO2 chlorophyll data (EXOChla_RFU_1)

Data flag for EXO2 chlorophyll data (EXOChla_ugL_1)

Data flag for EXO2 phycocyanin data (EXOBGAPC_RFU_1)

Data flag for EXO2 phycocyanin data (EXOBGAPC _ugL_1)

Data flag for EXO2 fluorescent dissolved organic matter data (EXOfDOM_RFU_1)

Data flag for EXO2 fluorescent dissolved organic matter data (EXOfDOM_QSU_1)

Data flag for pressure transducer at 9m (Lvl_psi_9, LvlTemp_C_9)

Storage Type:

string

float

date

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

dateTime

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

Three-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; FCR = Falling Creek Reservoir

Unit	dimensionless
Type	natural
Min	50
Max	50

Format	YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.103906
Max	32.14754

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.437647
Max	29.90374

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.737665
Max	28.73498

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.720422
Max	25.95062

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.806665
Max	22.0729

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.754449
Max	20.24789

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.807947
Max	17.53546

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.815729
Max	15.87316

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.801202
Max	14.43685

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.824426
Max	13.82519

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	16.51595

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	121.8027

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	16.51595

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	121.8027

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.744415
Max	20.1016

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	14.51486

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	110.6383

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	14.80429

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	111.9821

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.806366
Max	13.9314

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	0
Max	29.61

Unit	microSiemensPerCentimeter
Type	real
Min	17.27
Max	921.93

Unit	microSiemensPerCentimeter
Type	real
Min	29.31
Max	951

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	19.05
Max	618.15

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	220.4

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	18.48

Unit	RelativeFluorescenceUnits
Type	real
Min	0
Max	29.81

Unit	microgramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.02
Max	120.6

Unit	RelativeFluorescenceUnits
Type	real
Min	0
Max	10.16

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	10.22

Unit	RelativeFluorescenceUnits
Type	real
Min	1.53
Max	10.5

Unit	QuinineSulfateUnits
Type	real
Min	4.65
Max	31.55

Unit	psig
Type	real
Min	0.82
Max	4.12

Unit	meter
Type	real
Min	0.581
Max	2.904

Unit	volt
Type	real
Min	5.66
Max	6.12

Unit	volt
Type	real
Min	0
Max	14.69

Unit	volt
Type	real
Min	1.13
Max	1.653

Unit	psig
Type	real
Min	7.698493
Max	13.70621

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	1.801394
Max	13.19187

Unit	number
Type	whole
Min	0
Max	51615

Unit	volt
Type	real
Min	0
Max	15.64

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	-8.25
Max	42.47

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	No flag
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	Value removed due to maintenance and set to NA
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

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Code	0
Definition	No flag
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Definition	Value removed due to maintenance and set to NA
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Definition	Value removed due to maintenance and set to NA
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Code	8
Definition	Values corrected with a constant offset due to thermistor malfunction
Source

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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
Source

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Definition	Negative value set to 0
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Code Definition

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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	Very questionable value due to potential fouling. Values adjusted using a linear or square root function to match high-resolution CTD profiles are given in RDO_mgL_5 and RDO_sat_percent_9
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Allowed Values and Definitions

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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
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Definition	Negative value set to 0
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	Very questionable value due to potential fouling. Values adjusted using a linear or square root function to match high-resolution CTD profiles are given in RDO_mgL_5 and RDO_sat_percent_9
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Definition	Missing data
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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
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Definition	Negative value set to 0
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Code Definition

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Definition	Very questionable value due to potential fouling. Values adjusted using a linear or square root function to match high-resolution CTD profiles are given in RDO_mgL_5 and RDO_sat_percent_9
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
Source

Code Definition

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Source

Code Definition

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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Definition	Negative value set to 0
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Allowed Values and Definitions

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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
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Definition	Negative value set to 0
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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Allowed Values and Definitions

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Code Definition

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Definition	Negative value set to 0
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Code Definition

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Definition	Questionable value due to potential fouling or greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean
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Allowed Values and Definitions

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Code Definition

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Definition	Outlier value removed and set to NA, see Methods section for more detail on QAQC process
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Definition	Missing data
Source

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Definition	No flag
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Definition	Missing data
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Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

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Final script to run QAQC

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FCR_CAT_MaintenanceLog_2018_2021.txt

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Maintenance log for catwalk sensors

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Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
carey lab controlled vocabulary	Carey Lab, Virginia Tech, fDOM, dissolved organic matter, Western Virginia Water Authority, Falling Creek Reservoir
lter controlled vocabulary	lakes, water quality, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, pressure, physical properties, fluorescence
cuahsi controlled vocabulary	lake, reservoir, reservoirs, high-frequency sensors

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Methods: Data from multiple water quality sensors were collected at the deep hole of Falling Creek Reservoir in 2018-2021 using water temperature thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensors, pressure sensors, and a YSI EXO2 sonde. Profiles were collected every ten minutes from July 2018 to December 2021. We deployed the thermistors and 5 and 9 m dissolved oxygen sensors in July 2018 and the EXO2 sonde at 1 m depth was deployed in August 2018. The EXO2 sonde was moved from 1.0 m to 1.6 m depth on 2019-05-20 at 12:40:00 (1.6 m is the depth of one of the outtake valves for drinking water treatment). As the EXO2 sonde has been moored near the outtake valve at 1.6 m (assuming full pond), the exact depth of the EXO2 sonde varied slightly over time due to small water level changes in the reservoir. We deployed a pressure transducer at 9 m in May 2020 to help track water level changes.

At the time of deployment in summer 2018, the thermistor string was factory-calibrated and verified against a NIST-traceable thermistor to meet measurement precision. The in situ dissolved oxygen sensors were calibrated using a one point calibration according to the standards and practices outlined in the user manual. The YSI EXO2 Sonde sensors, except for temperature, were user-calibrated as outlined in the user manual and KOR EXO software. The reservoir has an oxygenation system that has been manipulated for whole ecosystem experiments throughout the deployment of the sensors which results in various oxygen conditions because of this different levels of QAQC are done to the sensors but especially the dissolved oxygen sensors at 5m and 9m. See Additional Info for the oxygenations system schedule.

Maintenance/Issues All maintenance, calibration times and sensor issues are recorded in the FCR_CAT_MaintenanceLog_2018_2021.txt. The text below explains the issues and how they were dealt with in the data. Maintenance data gaps The sensor string was regularly brought up to the surface for routine maintenance, dates and times of which were recorded in the FCR_CAT_MaintenanceLog_2018_2021.txt file. To account for this, we used an automated QAQC script (FCR_catwalk_QAQC_function_2021.R) which indexed the dates and times recorded in the maintenance log and set the data to NA and the Flag_All and other Flag columns to 1. Any data points outside of the immediate time frame that the sensor string was up that do not reflect ambient conditions due to sensor re-equilibration were also set to NA and Flag_All to 1 manually and the corresponding Flag column.

Missing Data Gaps:

Missing Data Gaps EXO: 2018-08-20 14:30-2018-08-27 17:50; 2018-09-25 10:40-2018-10-01 11:00; 2020-12-02 12:50-2020-12-27 11:50-removed for maintenance; 2021-04-26 11:00-13:00-Removed for calibration; 2021-12-13 10:25:00- 2021-12-14 12:25:00; 2021-06-15 11:40-2021-06-18 10:20-Connection issue so no data was streaming; 2021-12-13 10:25:00- 2021-12-14 12:25:00 -Removed for cleaning Dissolved Oxygen sondes at 5 and 9 m Maintenance performed on the sensors- When the oxygenation system is first activated, we have observed a rapid fouling of the 9m Do probe, which we typically flag with a 5 or 6. 2021- At 9m there were some high oxygen readings on 2021-06-07-2021-06-08 about 3 hours after the temperature string had been pulled up. There was no oxygen at 9m, as the oxygenation system had not been turned on yet, so these readings were changed to NA and flagged. The oxygenation was first turned on 11 June at 9:40EST but we were having issues with the oxygen regulator so we were unsure how well the system was working until the regulator was fixed and deployed on 14 September at 13:30 EST. During this time we have flagged the data with a flag of 5 because of the fluctuations from the system. The temperature string was tangled after some maintenance on June 18th, 2021 at 10:00 and was fixed on June 21, 2021 at 10:00. It was tangled again on July 21st, 2021 13:20 and fixed on July 26th, 2021 at 12:00. Consequently, there was a data gap for both DO sensors with a data flag of 1 in the Flag_All column and individual flag columns of the sensors affected. The 9m RDO-PRO_X sensor was calibrated on August 18th, 2021 with a two point calibration using 100 percent air saturation and a 0 percent saturation with a sodium sulfite solution. On August 24, 2021, the anti-fouling caps on the RDO-PRO-X sensors were removed as they were causing fouling especially in anoxic hypolimnion. The RDO-PRO-X sensor cap at 5m was replaced on August 31st, 2021 and checked with a 100 percent air saturation and 0 percent saturation.

2020-On August 7, 2020, the RDO-PRO-X Sensor caps at 5 m and 9 m were replaced. Both dissolved oxygen sensors were calibrated on August 17, 2020 using a one point 100 percent air saturation calibration.

QAQC methods: After any maintenance on the DO sensors, Do measurements for the next two hours are changed to NAs to give ample time for the sensors to equilibrate. There were two periods in the summer of 2019 and four periods in the summer of 2020 when hypolimnetic DO sondes gave low readings that did not align with simultaneous measurements from a high-resolution CTD profiler (likely due to fouling). We adjusted these values using linear or square root functions to best match the CTD and present those data in a separate column (original values are retained and data are flagged for this column with Flag = 6). The equations for each adjustment are given below, as well as in the R code provided with this data product. 5 meter oxygen sonde: This equation will give you the values in the RDO_mgL_5_adjusted and RDOsat_percent_5_adjusted: 2019-08-11 00:00:00 to 2019-08-12 12:40:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the square root of the difference between the current time and 2019-08-11 00:00:00 in minutes, divided by 30 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the square root of the difference between the current time and 2019-08-11 00:00:00 in minutes, divided by 30/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C 9 meter oxygen sonde This equation will give you the values in the RDO_mgL_9_adjusted and RDOsat_percent_9_adjusted: 2019-08-05 12:45:00 to 2019-08-12 12:40:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the square root of the difference between the current time and 2019-08-05 12:45:00 in minutes, divided by 70 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the square root of the difference between the current time and 2019-08-05 12:45:00 in minutes, divided by 70/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

2019-09-02 13:00:00 to 2019-09-27 12:30:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2019-09-02 13:00:00 in minutes, divided by 30000 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2019-09-02 13:00:00 in minutes, divided by 30000/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

2020-08-11 07:00:00 to 2020-08-17 12:50:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-11 07:00:00 in minutes, divided by 6500 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-11 07:00:00 in minutes, divided by 6500/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

2020-08-19 20:00:00 to 2020-08-24 10:40:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-19 20:00:00 in minutes, divided by 6500 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-19 20:00:00 in minutes, divided by 6500/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

2020-08-26 12:00:00 to 2020-09-02 10:50:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-26 12:00:00 in minutes, divided by 10000 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-08-26 12:00:00 in minutes, divided by 10000/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

2020-09-05 06:00:00 to 2020-09-09 17:50:00 - DO (mg/L) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-09-05 06:00:00 in minutes, divided by 3000 - DO (percent saturation) = DO observed plus the difference between the current time and 2020-09-05 06:00:00 in minutes, divided by 3000/11.3*100, with 11.3/100 being the potential saturation of oxygen in water at 10 degrees C

Water temperature (thermistors)

2021: Thermistors at 1m(SN 3724) and 4m(SN 3747) were reading higher than normal (See below late October-December 2020) and were removed on January 7, 2021 14:30 and replaced on February 26, 2021 12:00 with SN 3966 and SN 4013. No data was recorded at those depths and was flagged in the Flag_All column and individual flag columns of the sensors affected.

The temperature string was tangled after some maintenance on June 18th, 2021 at 10:00 and was fixed on June 21, 2021 at 10:00. It was tangled again on July 21st, 2021 13:20 and fixed on July 26th, 2021 at 12:00. Consequently, there was a data gap for all the temperature sensors with a data flag of 1 in the Flag_All column and individual flag columns of the sensors affected. 2020: The temperature string was tangled after some maintenance on October 9th, 2020 and was fixed on October 11, 2020. Consequently, there was a data gap for the temperature sensors at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 m from October 9-11, 2020, with a data flag of 1 in the Flag_All column and individual flag columns of the sensors affected.

On October 19, 2020, the NexSens T-Node FR Thermistor (Serial No. 3718) deployed at 0.1 m stopped working and read NA until October 20, when we took the thermistor from 2 m and put it at 0.1 m. There was a data gap at 2m from October 20-22, 2020. We put the NexSens T-Node Thermistor (Serial No. 3903) from Beaverdam Reservoir, another one of our sites, at 0.1 m in FCR and returned the 2 m thermistor back to its original depth at 2 m on October 22, 2020. Consequently, there was a data gap for 0.1 m temperature from October 19-20, 2020 and a data gap for 2 m temperature from October 20-22, 2020, all flagged with data code 1 .

In late October-December 2020, two of the Nexus T-Node FR Thermistors (at 1 m and 4 m) appeared to be reading water temperatures higher than the sensors deployed above them. On 7 Jan 2021, we put the 2 suspect thermistors and 4 other thermistors adjacently located (0.1, 2, 3, and 9 m) in a water bath in the field for an hour. The water bath showed that thermistors at 1 m and 4m were exhibiting higher readings than the others in the bath. The 1 m thermistor was reading about 0.2496℃ higher, and the 4 m thermistor was reading about 0.3862℃. To correct for this discrepancy, we created an offset for both the 1 m and 4 m thermistors from November 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (the time period in which the thermistors were consistently exhibiting higher temperature readings). First, we took the average temperature of the thermistors directly above and below the suspect ones for each 10-min interval observation during November 1 to December 31, 2020. Second, we calculated the difference between the suspect thermistor’s reading and its neighbor average, which we averaged over the entire time period to calculate a mean offset. Third, this mean offset was subtracted from the observed thermistor reading on each observation. For example, for the 1 m thermistor we took the average of the 0.1 m thermistor and the 2m thermistor for the neighbor average at each time interval, then we found the difference between the 1 m thermistor and the neighbor average to calculate the offset value for the entire November 1-December 31 period. The offset value for the 1 m thermistor was 0.22617oC and for the 4m thermistor was 0.18122oC. The offset was subtracted from the 1 m thermistor values from October 29, 2020 13:00EST to the end of 2020 and the offset for the 4m thermistor was subtracted from the raw values on October 31, 2020 05:00EST to the end of 2020. These times were chosen because the broken thermistors were reading consistently higher than the one above them. The observations that received an offset were flagged with data code 8.

Pressure Transducer at 9 m

EXO sonde 2021 Maintenance: On March 22, 2021, the dissolved oxygen sensor and depth sensor were calibrated. The dissolved oxygen sensor was calibrated with a one point 100 percent air saturation. On April 16, 2021, the fluorescent dissolved organic matter(fDOM) sensor was calibrated with a one point calibration in DI water or a 0 point calibration. The chlorophyll sensor was checked with DI water but was not calibrated. Due to a bad calibration of the fDOM sensor it was recalibrated on April 26, 2021 and all data were set to NA during that time. On June 15, 2021 a one point 100 percent air saturation calibration was done on the dissolved oxygen sensor. On August 16, 2021 a two point calibration was done on the dissolved oxygen sensor with 100 percent air saturation and a 0 percent calibration. On December 13, 2021 the EXO was brought in the lab for a deep clean, o ring maintenance, and zero calibration check of chlorophyll and fDOm and redeployed the next day.

2020 Maintenance: On August 7, 2020, the YSI EXO (1.6 m) Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Cap (Serial No. 20E101629) was replaced, and the dissolved oxygen sensor was calibrated on August 17, 2020 using a one point 100 percent air saturation calibration. The EXO 1.6 m dissolved oxygen sensor was recalibrated on 15 September 2020, 19 October 2020, and 27 December 2020 using a one point 100 percent air saturation calibration.

The YSI EXO sonde was removed from the reservoir on December 2, 2020 for manufacturer cleaning, maintenance, and calibration. It was re-deployed in the reservoir on December 27, 2020. Below is the status of each sensor: pass or fail, and the calibration, or maintenance information. All sensors were calibrated by the manufacturer on December 21, 2020 unless otherwise stated.

YSI EXO2 Sonde Serial No. 18D103367, Pass Replaced power-communication circuit board due to issues at final testing, depth sensor passed Wiped Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Serial No. 18C102992, Pass Temperature reads 20.78 °C in a 20.70 °C bath with a cell constant of 0.47 Conductivity reads zero sp cond. in air. Central Wiper for Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Serial No. 18D101236, Pass Replaced head & motor O-rings Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Serial No. 18D101168, Pass Probe ODO Gain: 1.24 Total Algae Sensor Serial No. 18D102222, Pass Chlorophyll-a: Probe reads 14.73 RFU in 16.4 standard-calibrated to standard. Probe reads 58.65 µg/L in 66 standard-calibrated to standard. Phycocyanin: Probe reads 13.36 RFU in 16 standard-calibrated. Probe reads 13.37 µg/L in 16 standard-calibrated to standard fDOM Sensor Serial No. 18C100625, Pass Probe reads 275.69 uncalibrated QSU in 300 QSU standard- calibrated to 300QSU. Probe reads 92.18 uncalibrated RFU in 100 RFU standard- calibrated to 100 RFU

EXO Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin QAQC The chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin sensor data underwent a QAQC process to remove extreme outliers (see ‘chla and phyco qaqc’ section of catwalk_EDI_QAQC_all_variables.R script). Outliers were defined as absolute values greater than four standard deviations from previous and subsequent measurements for each individual observation. These outliers were set to NA and identified in the Flag_Chla or Flag_Phyco column as a value of 2. In October 1st, 2018- March 3rd, 2019 outliers were identified as the absolute values greater than four standard deviations from the average measurement. These outliers were set to NA and flagged as 4 in the Flag_Chla or Flag_Phyo. After March 3rd, 2019 outlier values identified this what were left in the dataset and flagged as 5 for questionable value.

EXO fDOM QAQC fDOM sensor data underwent a QAQC process to remove extreme outliers (see ‘fdom qaqc’ section of catwalk_EDI_QAQC_all_variables.R script). Outliers were defined as absolute values greater than two standard deviations from previous and subsequent measurements for each individual observation. These outliers were set to NA and identified in the Flag_fDOM column as a value of 2. Any value greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean was flagged with a 5 and left in the dataset.

EXO Conductivity, Specific Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) Conductivity, Specific Conductivity and TDS sensor data underwent a QAQC process to remove extreme outliers (see ‘fdom cond, spcond and TDS’ section of catwalk_EDI_QAQC_all_variables.R script). Outliers were defined as absolute values greater than two standard deviations from previous and subsequent measurements for each individual observation. These outliers were set to NA and identified in the Flag_fDOM column as a value of 2. Any value greater than 4 standard deviations above the mean was flagged with a 5 and left in the dataset. During the summer of 2020 there were some high conductivity events. Any value above 42 microsemanis for conductivity and specific conductivity were flagged and over 30 mg/L for TDS were flagged as 5 but not removed from the data set.

Instruments, manual, and serial numbers used in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021: Multiple sensors and instruments were added over time; below we note serial numbers of sensors with accompanying depths and provide links to the accompanying instrument manuals.

NexSens T-Node FR Thermistors (July 2018 - current) https://www.fondriest.com/pdf/nexsens_t-node_fr_manual.pdf Serial No. 3718; Depth 0.1m (July 2018- October 19, 2020) Serial No. 3741; Depth 0.1m (October 20-22, 2020) Serial No. 3903: Depth 0.1m (October 22, 2020- current) Serial No. 3724; Depth 1m (July 2018-January 7, 2021) Serial No. 3966; Depth 1m (February 26, 2021-current) Serial No. 3741; Depth 2m (July 2018-October 20, 2020; October 22, 2020-current) Serial No. 3746; Depth 3m Serial No. 3747; Depth 4m (July 2018-January 7, 2021) Serial No. 4013; Depth 4m (February 26, 2021-current) Serial No. 3751; Depth 5m Serial No. 3786; Depth 6m Serial No. 3823; Depth 7m Serial No. 3851; Depth 8m Serial No. 3857; Depth 9m

InSitu RDO Pro-X Dissolved Oxygen Sensor (July 2018 - December 2021) https://in-situ.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/RDO_PRO-X_Manual.pdf Serial No. 584491; Depth 5m Calibration from July 5, 2018 to December 19, 2018; slope = 1.0361, offset = 0.00 Calibration from August 17, 2020 to September 15, 2020; slope = 1.1074, offset = 0.00 Calibration from October 19, 2020 to current; slope = 1.1447, offset = 0.00 Serial No. 584488; Depth 9m Calibration from July 5, 2018 to August 20, 2018; slope = 1.0743, offset = 0.00 Calibration from August 20, 2018 to December 19, 2018; slope = 1.0000, offset = 0.00 Calibration from August 17, 2020 to September 15, 2020; slope = 1.1656, offset = 0.00 Calibration from September 15, 2020 to October 19, 2020; slope = 1.0916, offset= 0.00 Calibration from October 19, 2020 to August 17, 2021; slope=1.1221; offset=0.00 Calibration from August 17, 2021 to current; slope is 1.1534; offset is 0.0054.

Campbell Scientific Stainless-Steel Pressure Transducer CS451 (May 2020-current) https://s.campbellsci.com/documents/us/manuals/cs451-cs456.pdf Serial No. 29010799

YSI EXO2 Sonde Serial No. 18D103367 (August 2018 - December 2021) https://www.ysi.com/File%20Library/Documents/Manuals/EXO-User-Manual-Web.pdf Wiped Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Serial No. 18C102992 Central Wiper for Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Serial No. 18D101236 Total Algae Sensor Serial No. 18D102222 fDOM Sensor Serial No. 18C100625 Calibration on April 16, 2021; pre: 1.38 RFU, 4.68 QSU; post: 0.00 RFU, -0.01 QSU - that was a bad calibration Calibration on April 26, 2021; pre: 0.34 RFU, 1.13 QSU ; post: 0.00 RFU, 0.00 QSU Pressure Transducer Serial No. 17K100864 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Serial No. 18D101168 YSI EXO Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Cap Serial No. 18C105373 (August 2018- August 7, 2020) YSI EXO Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Cap Serial No. 20E101629 (August 7, 2020-December 2021) Calibration from August 17, 2020 to September 15, 2020; DO Gain=1.13 Calibration from September 15, 2020 to October 19, 2020; DO Gain=1.11 Calibration from October 19, 2020 to December 2, 2020; DO Gain=1.12 Calibration fromDecember 27, 2020 to December 31, 2020; DO Gain=1.10 Calibration from March 22, 2021 to June 15, 2021; DO Gain=1.10 Calibration from June 15, 2021 to August 16, 2021; DO Gain=1.13 Calibration from August 16, 2021 to current; DO Gain= 1.10

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Individual:

Adrienne Breef-Pilz

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

abreefpilz@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-0063

Individual:

Whitney M . Woelmer

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

wwoelmer@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-3877

Individual:

Bethany J. Bookout

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

bethanyb18@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-926X

Contacts:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2018-07-05

End:

2021-12-31

Geographic Region:

Description:

Falling Creek Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	37.309589	Southern:	37.30266
Western:	-79.839249	Eastern:	-79.836009

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

No project title to report

Personnel:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

Western Virginia Water Authority

Related Project:

Title:

SCC-IRG Track 2: Resilient Water Systems: Integrating Environmental Sensor Networks and Real-Time Forecasting to Adaptively Manage Drinking Water Quality and Build Social Trust

Personnel:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

National Science Foundation 1737424

Related Project:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Consequences of changing oxygen availability for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems

Personnel:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

National Science Foundation 1753639

Related Project:

Title:

Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting

Personnel:

Individual:

Cayelan C. Carey

Organization:

Virginia Tech

Email Address:

cayelan@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

National Science Foundation 1933016

Related Project:

Title:

Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting

Personnel:

Individual:

Renato J. Figueiredo

Organization:

University of Florida

Email Address:

renato@acis.ufl.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-6060

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

National Science Foundation 1933102

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	ongoing
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:

Author Contribution Statement- CCC is the PI on the project, designed the sensor array, coordinated the purchasing and deployment, and helped install the sensors. ABP is the point person for the dataset along with lead of maintenance, data management and QAQC for 2021. BB was the point person in 2018-2020 for maintaining the sensors and ensuring the data were streaming from the sensors to the cloud; WW was a co-point person during these years for data publishing.

In 2018-2021, hypolimnetic oxygenation water quality management occurred in Falling Creek Reservoir. For a detailed description of the hypolimnetic oxygenation engineered system, see Gerling et al. (2014). Below is the oxgenation schedule and when it was operating: 2018: 23 April-30 July; 9 August-10 September 2019: 3 June-17 June; 8 July-19 July; 5 August-19 August; 2 September-1 December 2020: 29 June-11 September; 25 September-2 December 2021: 11 June-26 June; 26 July-14 September(different controller for oxygen-not sure how well it worked); 14 September-6 December(regular oxygen controller)

Gerling, A.B., Browne, R.G., Gantzer, P.A., Mobley, M.H., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Water Research. 67: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'microSiemensPerCentimeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1.00E-04'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'microSiemensPerCentimeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'siemenPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'conductance'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'microSiemenPerCentimeter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'RelativeFluorescenceUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'RelativeFluorescenceUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'measurement of the relative amount of fluorescence excitation detected in response to particular wavelength of light'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'QuinineSulfateUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'QuinineSulfateUnits'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'measurement of the relative amount of fluorescence excitation detected in response to fluorescent dissolved organic matter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'psig'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '17.85'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'psig'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'kilogramsPerSquareMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'arealMassDensity'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'pounds per square inch guage'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

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+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

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Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

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Additional Metadata