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Filtered chlorophyll a time series for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Claytor Lake, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, Smith Mountain Lake, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2014-2019

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.52.4
Title:Filtered chlorophyll a time series for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Claytor Lake, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, Smith Mountain Lake, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2014-2019
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Water column chlorophyll a was analyzed from 2014 to 2019 in seven freshwater reservoirs in southwestern Virginia (VA), USA. These reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, VA), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, VA), Claytor Lake (Pulaski, VA), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, VA), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, VA), Smith Mountain Lake (Bedford, VA), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, VA). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia; Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the Town of Pulaski, Virginia; and Smith Mountain Lake is jointly treated by Bedford Regional Water Authority and Western Virginia Water Authority as a drinking water source for Franklin County, Virginia. Claytor Lake is utilized for hydroelectric power generation by the Appalachian Power Company. The dataset consists of depth profiles of chlorophyll a samples generally measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam. The water column samples were collected approximately fortnightly from March-April, and weekly from May-October at Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir, approximately fortnightly from May-August in most years at Carvins Cove Reservoir, approximately fortnightly from May-August in Gatewood and Spring Hollow Reservoirs from 2014-2016, approximately fortnightly from May-August of 2014 in Smith Mountain Lake, and sporadically from May-August of 2014 in Claytor Lake. Additional chlorophyll a samples were collected at multiple upstream and inflow sites along tributaries to Beaverdam and Falling Creek Reservoirs in summer 2019. The water samples collected were analyzed for both pheophytin and chlorophyll a to quantify and correct for degraded phytoplankton within the sample.

Publication Date:2020-07-04

Time Period
Begin:
2014-04-18
End:
2019-10-04

People and Organizations
Contact:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech) [  email ]
Creator:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Lofton, Mary E. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Woelmer, Whitney M. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Wynne, Jacob H. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Doubek, Jonathan P. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Hamre, Kathleen D. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Niederlehner, Barbara R. (Virginia Tech)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
chla_master_df_dt.csv
Description:
Reservoir chlorophyll a dataset
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/52/4/93e2c69f314809705ea21d9244eb368d
Name:chla_master_df_dt.csv
Description:Reservoir chlorophyll a dataset
Number of Records:745
Number of Columns:8

Table Structure
Object Name:chla_master_df_dt.csv
Size:32040 bytes
Authentication:7cebd93883e4b0b75333600eeba1a53d Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Reservoir  
Site  
DateTime  
Depth_m  
Chla_ugL  
Pheo_ugL  
Flag_Chla  
Flag_Pheo  
Definition:Three-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; BVR=Beaverdam Reservoir, CCR= Carvins Cove, CLY = Claytor Lake, Reservoir, FCR=Falling Creek Reservoir, GWR=Gatewood Reservoir, SHR=Spring Hollow Reservoir, SML = Smith Mountain Lake50 = Deep hole or site nearest to dam in each reservoir, 45 = Upstream pelagic site nearest to the deep hole in each reservoir, 30 = Upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of the reservoir, 20 = Different upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of the reservoir, 99 = Farthest downstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir; 100 = Inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir or Beaverdam Reservoir; 101 = upstream site along inflow to Falling Creek Reservoir; 102 = Furthest upstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir; 200 = Secondary inflow (wetland) stream to Falling Creek Reservoir or right arm inflow to Beaverdam Reservoir); 01 = Outflow site at spillway of Falling Creek Reservoir or Beaverdam ReservoirDate of sampling. All data were collected in the eastern time zone of the U.S.A., with Eastern Standard Time ObservedWater depth where the sample was collected or sensor reading was measuredChlorophyll a concentrationPheophytin concentrationData flag for chlorophyll a; 0 = No flag, 1 = Sample below detection, 2 = Sample not taken, 3 = Duplicate check failed, 4 = Pigment in extract below detection (<34 ug/L)Data flag for pheophytin; 0 = No flag, 1 = Sample below detection, 2 = Sample not taken, 3 = Duplicate check failed, 4 = Pigment in extract below detection (<34 ug/L)
Storage Type:string  
float  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalratiodateTimeratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
DefinitionThree-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; BVR=Beaverdam Reservoir, CCR= Carvins Cove, CLY = Claytor Lake, Reservoir, FCR=Falling Creek Reservoir, GWR=Gatewood Reservoir, SHR=Spring Hollow Reservoir, SML = Smith Mountain Lake
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min1 
Max200 
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision
Unitmeter
Typereal
Min0.1 
Max34 
UnitmicrogramsPerLiter
Typereal
Min0 
Max158 
UnitmicrogramsPerLiter
Typereal
Min-18.4 
Max36.6 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min0 
Max4 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min0 
Max4 
Missing Value Code:
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
Accuracy Report:                
Accuracy Assessment:                
Coverage:                
Methods:                

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
carey lab controlled vocabularyVirginia Tech, Stream Team, Carey Lab, Western Virginia Water Authority, Falling Creek Reservoir
cuahsi controlled vocabularyLake, Reservoir
lter controlled vocabularychlorophyll, chlorophyll a, plankton, phytoplankton, algae
(No thesaurus)filtered chlorophyll, manual chlorophyll

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

SAMPLING TIMES Sampling occurred between the hours of 9:00 and 15:00 EST and are denoted in the DateTime column as 12:00.

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND EQUIPMENT Chlorophyll a unfiltered water samples were collected at the following depths for each reservoir: 0.1, 5, 6, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20, and 21 meters within Carvins Cove Reservoir, which has a Zmax of 21.3 meters at full pond; 0.1, 5, 6, 7, 30, and 34 meters within Claytor Lake; 0.1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 13.5 and 14 meters within Gatewood Reservoir, which has a Zmax of 14 meters; 0.1, 5, 7, 8, 14, 25, 28 and 31 meters within Spring Hollow Reservoir, which has a Zmax of >60 m; 0.1, 6, 7, 8, 25, 28 and 30 meters within Smith Mountain Lake; 0.1, 1.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 6.8, 7, 7.5, 9, and 12 meters within Beaverdam Reservoir, which has a Zmax of 13 meters at full pond; and 0.1, 1, 1.6, 2, 2.8, 3.8, 4, 4.1, 4.5, 5, 6, 6.2, 7, and 9 meters within Falling Creek Reservoir, which has a Zmax of 9.3 meters at full pond. A 4-L Van Dorn water sampler was used to collect samples (Wildco, Yulee, Florida, USA) which were stored in opaque 2-L high-density polyethylene bottles. Samples were refrigerated and filtered within 48 hours of collection with GF/C filters and filters were immediately frozen after filtration. Samples were generally analyzed within 4 months of collection date.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND EQUIPMENT Chlorophyll a samples were extracted using a 96% ethanol solution at room temperature for 3-24 hours (Wasmund et al. 2006) and then analyzed by spectrophotometric analysis. To quantify the concentration of pheophytin within the sample, the analysis adopts the acidification recommendation of Parker et al. (2016), in which 240 microliters of 0.1 N HCL was added to the sample. The sample was homogenized and left to sit for 90 seconds for samples analyzed through 2018, or 120 seconds for samples analyzed after 2019. The quantitation of the sample used was the monochromatic spectrophotometric method for chlorophyll a after correction for the presence of pheopigments, to provide a metric of "live" phytoplankton at the time of collection (Lorenzen 1967). The pheophytin concentration (a metric of "dead" but still fluorescing phytoplankton) is also reported. In 2014, total chlorophyll a was corrected for pheophytin but pheophytin values were not recorded. Both extraction and analysis were performed in the absence of direct light to prevent the degradation of chlorophyll a. Samples collected were not always analyzed, leading to occasional incomplete water column profiles for certain dates within the dataset.

REFERENCES Lorenzen, C.J. 1967. Determinations of chlorophyll and pheo-pigments: spectrophotometric equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12:343-346. Parker, S. P., W. B. Bowden, and M. B. Flinn. 2016. The effect of acid strength and postacidification reaction time on the determination of chlorophyll a in ethanol extracts of aquatic periphyton. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 14:839-852. Wasmund, N., I. Topp, and D. Schories. 2006. Optimising the storage and extraction of chlorophyll samples. Oceanologica 48(1):125-144.

People and Organizations

Creators:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Individual: Mary E. Lofton
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
melofton@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-1330
Individual: Whitney M. Woelmer
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
wwoelmer@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-3877
Individual: Jacob H. Wynne
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
jacobwynne@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-1247
Individual: Jonathan P. Doubek
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
jdoubek@lssu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-4715
Individual: Kathleen D. Hamre
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
kdhamre@vt.edu
Individual: Barbara R. Niederlehner
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
bniederl@vt.edu
Contacts:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2014-04-18
End:
2019-10-04
Geographic Region:
Description:Beaverdam Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.322865Southern:  37.311961
Western:  -79.824834Eastern:  -79.813848
Geographic Region:
Description:Carvins Cove Reservoir is located in Roanoke, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.409127Southern:  37.365345
Western:  -79.978642Eastern:  -79.944052
Geographic Region:
Description:Claytor Lake is located in Pulaski, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.086718Southern:  36.967031
Western:  -80.74543Eastern:  -80.576912
Geographic Region:
Description:Falling Creek Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.309589Southern:  37.30266
Western:  -79.839249Eastern:  -79.836009
Geographic Region:
Description:Gatewood Reservoir is located in Pulaski, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.054358Southern:  37.03819
Western:  -80.89188Eastern:  -80.858492
Geographic Region:
Description:Smith Mountain Lake is located in Bedford, Franklin and Pittsylvania, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.158577Southern:  37.002455
Western:  -79.726699Eastern:  -79.522078
Geographic Region:
Description:Spring Hollow Reservoir is located in Salem, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.231092Southern:  37.217594
Western:  -80.179076Eastern:  -80.170407

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Western Virginia Water Authority
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Virginia Tech Global Change Center
Related Project:
Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Fralin Life Sciences Institute
Related Project:
Title:SCC-IRG Track 2: Resilient Water Systems: Integrating Environmental Sensor Networks and Real-Time Forecasting to Adaptively Manage Drinking Water Quality and Build Social Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1737424
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Consequences of changing oxygen availability for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1753639
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1933016

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

Reservoir Sites

Falling Creek Reservoir - Site 50 - Verbal Description: Deep hole nearest to the dam of Falling Creek Reservoir o Latitude: 37.30325 o Longitude: -79.83726

- Site 45 - Verbal Description: Upstream pelagic site nearest to the deep hole of Falling Creek Reservoir o Latitude: 37.30418 o Longitude: -79.83833

- Site 30 - Verbal Description: Upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of Falling Creek Reservoir o Latitude: 37.30534 o Longitude: -79.83825

- Site 20 - Verbal Description: Different upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of Falling Creek Reservoir o Latitude: 37.30769 o Longitude: -79.8371

- Site 99 - Verbal Description: Farthest downstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.307613 o Longitude: -79.8360878

- Site 100 - Verbal Description: Inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.30858 o Longitude: -79.83494

- Site 101 - Verbal Description: Upstream site along inflow to Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.309653 o Longitude: -79.830467

- Site 102 - Verbal Description: Furthest upstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.311678 o Longitude: -79.827357

- Site 200 - Verbal Description: Secondary inflow (wetland) stream to Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.30943 o Longitude: -79.8361

- Site 01 - Verbal Description: Outflow site at spillway of Falling Creek Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.30247 o Longitude: -79.83692

Beaverdam Reservoir - Site 50 - Verbal Description: Deep hole nearest to the dam of Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.31288 o Longitude: -79.81593

- Site 45 - Verbal Description: Upstream pelagic site nearest to the deep hole of Beaverdam Reservoir o Latitude: 37.314465 o Longitude: -79.818717

- Site 30 - Verbal Description: Upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.31921 o Longitude: -79.818226

- Site 20 - Verbal Description: Different upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.30769 o Longitude: -79.8371

- Site 100 - Verbal Description: Inflow stream to Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.31957 o Longitude: -79.82437

- Site 200 - Verbal Description: Right arm inflow to Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.322851 o Longitude: -79.81721

- Site 01 - Verbal Description: Outflow pipe in transitional zone of Beaverdam Reservoir. o Latitude: 37.314783 o Longitude: -79.820864

From 2014 to 2019, multiple whole-ecosystem manipulations were conducted at Falling Creek Reservoir. These manipulations include intermittent operation of hypolimnetic oxygenation and pulsed epilimnetic mixing engineering systems. For a detailed description of the hypolimnetic oxygenation engineered system, see Gerling et al. (2014) and for a detailed description of the epilimnetic mixing engineered system, see Chen et al. (2017). These systems were operated over time from 2014-2018 following Table 1 in Gerling et al. (2016), Table 1 in Munger et al. (2016), and Table 2 in McClure et al. (2018). In 2019, hypolimnetic oxygenation was conducted from June 3-June 17, July 8-July 22, August 5-August 19 and September 2-November 20.

Chen, S., C. Lei, C.C. Carey, P.A. Gantzer, and J.C. Little. 2017. Predicting hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing in a shallow eutrophic reservoir using a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Water Resources Research. 53: 470-484. DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019279 Gerling, A.B., Browne, R.G., Gantzer, P.A., Mobley, M.H., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Water Research. 67: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002 Gerling, A.B., Z.W. Munger, J.P. Doubek, K.D. Hamre, P.A. Gantzer, J.C. Little, and C.C. Carey. 2016. Whole-catchment manipulations of internal and external loading reveal the sensitivity of a century-old reservoir to hypoxia. Ecosystems. 19:555-571. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9951-0 McClure, R.P., K.D. Hamre, B.R. Niederlehner, Z.W. Munger, S. Chen, M.E. Lofton, M.E. Schreiber, and C.C. Carey. 2018 Metalimnetic oxygen minima alter the vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in a managed freshwater reservoir. Science of the Total Environment 636: 610-620. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.255 Munger, Z.W., C.C. Carey, A.B. Gerling, K.D. Hamre, J.P. Doubek, S.D. Klepatzki, R.P. McClure, and M.E. Schreiber. 2016. Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir. Water Research. 106: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.038. Lofton, M.E., McClure, R.P., Chen, S., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2019. Whole-ecosystem experiments reveal varying responses of phytoplankton functional groups to epilimnetic mixing in a eutrophic reservoir. Water. 11, 222; DOI:10.3390/w11020222.

Other Metadata

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