Data Package Metadata View Summary

Lead Risk Factors for West and North Philadelphia: 2007-2020

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.543.1

Title:

Lead Risk Factors for West and North Philadelphia: 2007-2020

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Provides all data used for the creation of the maps and spearman correlation analysis for a lead risk assessment of North and West Philadelphia. This includes data on: lead-in-soil, land recycled sites, demolitions, housing code violations, age of housing, smelters, and elevated blood lead levels of children. The data was used for a spatial analysis of historic and current lead sources in West and North Philadelphia to determine which lead sources act as primary lead-risk factors, identify future soil sampling sites and high-risk neighborhoods in Philadelphia.

Publication Date:

2021-11-17

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2004-01-01

End:

2021-02-01

People and Organizations
Contact:	Caballero-Gomez, Hasibe (Haverford College) [ email ]
Creator:	Caballero-Gomez, Hasibe (Haverford College)
Creator:	White, Helen K. (Haverford College)
Creator:	O'Shea, Michael J. (University of Pennsylvania)
Creator:	Pepino, Richard (University of Pennsylvania Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology)
Creator:	Howarth, Marilyn V. (University of Pennsylvania Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology)
Creator:	Gieré, Reto (University of Pennsylvania Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	All Lead Risk Factors
Description:	Table contains all lead risk factors used in the lead-risk assessment, organized by census tracts within North and West Philadelphia.
Data Table Name:	BLLS 2013 2015
Description:	Lists all data relevant the number of children screened and reported to have elevated blood lead levels in Philadelphia from 2013-2015
Data Table Name:	Correlations
Description:	All spearman correlations ran between lead risk factors
Data Table Name:	Demolitions
Description:	Lists all data relevant to legally occurring demolitions reported to the City of Philadelphia from 2007-2020
Data Table Name:	Frequency
Description:	Lists each lead risk factor with census tracts ranked from highest concentration of x lead risk factor to lowest concentration.
Data Table Name:	L and I violations
Description:	Lists all data relevant housing code violations as reported by the City of Philadelphia’s Licenses and Inspections Department from 2007-2020
Data Table Name:	Land Recycled
Description:	Lists all data relevant to the land recycled sites in Philadelphia as reported by the state of Pennsylvania
Data Table Name:	Smelters
Description:	Lists all data relevant historic smelters in Philadelphia
Data Table Name:	Soil Points
Description:	Lists all data relevant to the soil data points, including: zip code, census tract, coordinates, and lead values in ppm.
Other Name:	Lead_Census Tract
Description:	Includes the R history and code used for mapping lead risk.
Other Name:	CodeMeta file for leadcensus.R
Description:	CodeMeta file for R script accompanying data

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/406b624e7e71dcd400f677eb70cc8bde
Name:	All Lead Risk Factors
Description:	Table contains all lead risk factors used in the lead-risk assessment, organized by census tracts within North and West Philadelphia.
Number of Records:	94
Number of Columns:	28

Table Structure

Object Name:

All_Lead_Risk_Factors.csv

Size:

15542 bytes

Authentication:

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Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Census Tracts

Number of Children with EBLL 2015

ACS Total Population 2019

ACS Total Population Ages 0-5 2019

ACS Housing Units Total 2019

ACS Owner Occupied Units 2019

%Owner Occupied

ACS Renter Occupied Unit 2019

% Renter Occupied

ACS Properties Built Before 1980 2019

% Properties Built Before 1980 Conc.

ACS Properties Built Before 1950 2019

% Properties Built Before 1950 Conc.

ACS % Children in Poverty Age <5 2019

ACS Median Income 2019

ACS Black Population 2019

% Black Population

ACS Minority Population 2019

% Minority Population

Demolitions 2007-2020

# Demolitions by Violation 2007 - 2020

Total Housing Code Violations 2007 - 2020

Critical Housing Code Violations 2007 - 2020

Lead Violations 2007 - 2020

Smelters

Land Recycled Sites 2020

Soil >400 ppm

All Normalized Soil

Definition:

All census tracts in North and West Philadelphia that were investigated and mapped; Census tracts are written according to traditional tract numbering instead of the more commonly used base name e.g tract 38900 has the base name tract 389

The number of children screened and reported to have elevated blood lead levels in Philadelphia from 2013-2015

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the total population per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for total number of children ages 0-5 years old per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for total number of housing units per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that are owned and occupied by the owner per census tract

The percent of housings units that are owned and occupied by the owner over the total number of housing units per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that are rented and occupied by a renter per census tract

The percent of housings units that are rented and occupied by a renter over the total number of housing units per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1980 per census tract

The percent of housing units that were built before 1980 over the total number of housing units per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1950 per census tract

The percent of housing units that were built before 1950 over the total number of housing units per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the percent of children ages 0-5 living in poverty, as defined by the U.S Census, per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the median income per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of Black residents per census tract

The percent of Black residents over total number of residents per census tract

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of racial and ethnic minorities residing per census tract

The percent of minorities residing in said census tract over total number of residents per census tract

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred from 2007 until 2020 as reported by the City of Philadelphia

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred due to a housing code violation from 2007 until 2020 as reported by the City of Philadelphia

The total number housing code violations from 2007 until 2020 as reported by the City of Philadelphia

The total number of critical housing code violations, determined by their likelihood to either accelerate paint deterioration or are linked to or produce lead-paint hazards, that the City of Philadelphia reported from 2007 until 202

The total number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, that the City of Philadelphia reported from 2007 until 2020

The total number of historic smelters

The total number of land recycled sites that were cleaned as of the year 2020

The total number of hazardous soil data points. Hazardous soil defined as greater than or equal to 400 parts per million.

The concentration of hazardous soil data points per census tract, identified by normalizing the number of hazardous soil data points over total soil data points collected.

Storage Type:

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Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	6
Max	81

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the total population per census tract

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for total number of children ages 0-5 years old per census tract

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for total number of housing units per census tract

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that are owned and occupied by the owner per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	5.692199578
Max	76.87045746

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that are rented and occupied by a renter per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	13.37491337
Max	78.63993025

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1980 per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	36.51282051
Max	100

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1950 per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	1.217228464
Max	35.03184713

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	8.5
Max	100

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the median income per census tract

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of Black residents per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	12.88261516
Max	99.15966387

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of racial and ethnic minorities residing per census tract

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	27.09125475
Max	99.3405144

Definition

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred from 2007 until 2020 as reported by the City of Philadelphia

Unit	number
Type	whole
Min	0
Max	209

Definition

The total number housing code violations from 2007 until 2020 as reported by the City of Philadelphia

Definition

The total number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, that the City of Philadelphia reported from 2007 until 2020

Definition

The total number of historic smelters

Definition

The total number of land recycled sites that were cleaned as of the year 2020

Definition

The total number of hazardous soil data points. Hazardous soil defined as greater than or equal to 400 parts per million.

Definition

The concentration of hazardous soil data points per census tract, identified by normalizing the number of hazardous soil data points over total soil data points collected.

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/1ec8400f168bb019872a651a5dd4a175
Name:	BLLS 2013 2015
Description:	Lists all data relevant the number of children screened and reported to have elevated blood lead levels in Philadelphia from 2013-2015
Number of Records:	381
Number of Columns:	4

Table Structure

Object Name:

BLLS_2013_2015.csv

Size:

5457 bytes

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Field Delimiter:	,
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Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Census Tract

num_bll_5plus

perc_5plus

num_screen

Definition:

The base name census tract.

The number of children with blood lead levels greater than 5ug/dL per census tract

The percent of children with blood lead levels greater than 5ug/dL relative to the number of children screened per census tract

The number of children screened per census tract

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The base name census tract.

Unit	number
Type	whole
Min	0
Max	4059

Unit	percent
Type	real
Min	0
Max	17.6

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	6
Max	70750

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/e7ee39b0d68ec98ac0cddf086a583757
Name:	Correlations
Description:	All spearman correlations ran between lead risk factors
Number of Records:	107
Number of Columns:	4

Table Structure

Object Name:

Correlations.csv

Size:

7661 bytes

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\r\n

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column

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Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Lead Risk Factors

Spearman R Coefficient

p(2 tailed)

Statistic Significance

Definition:

The two lead risk factors that were tested for correlation

Spearman R coefficient calculated from the two lead risk factors tested

The p-value for a two tailed test.

Determining whether the correlation is statistically considered significant or insignificant

Storage Type:

string

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The two lead risk factors that were tested for correlation

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	-0.71442
Max	0.7882

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	0.99885

Definition

Determining whether the correlation is statistically considered significant or insignificant

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/aee79b2c3bae402253849bb421550bae
Name:	Demolitions
Description:	Lists all data relevant to legally occurring demolitions reported to the City of Philadelphia from 2007-2020
Number of Records:	10962
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

Demolitions.csv

Size:

879397 bytes

Authentication:

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Text Format:

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\r\n

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Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

# of Demolitions

Census_Tract_1

# Demolitions by Violation

Census_Tract_2

address

zip

censustract

record_type

lat

lng

Definition:

The total number of demolitions per census tract.

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of demolitions.

The total number of demolitions, done as a result of housing code violations in a unit, per census tract.

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of demolitions due to housing code violations.

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the demolition occurred.

The Philadelphia zip code where the unit was demolished.

The base name census tract where the unit was demolished.

Describes the recorded cause of the demolition e.g. violation, permit, etc.

The latitudinal coordinate of the unit where the demolition occurred.

The longitudinal coordinate of the unit where the demolition occurred.

Storage Type:

string

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The total number of demolitions per census tract.

Definition

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of demolitions.

Definition

The total number of demolitions, done as a result of housing code violations in a unit, per census tract.

Definition

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of demolitions due to housing code violations.

Definition

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the demolition occurred.

Definition

The Philadelphia zip code where the unit was demolished.

Definition

The base name census tract where the unit was demolished.

Definition

Describes the recorded cause of the demolition e.g. violation, permit, etc.

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	39.88329
Max	40.07361

Definition

The longitudinal coordinate of the unit where the demolition occurred.

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/7cf395303ce3665a9834721d4b748e4b
Name:	Frequency
Description:	Lists each lead risk factor with census tracts ranked from highest concentration of x lead risk factor to lowest concentration.
Number of Records:	98
Number of Columns:	13

Table Structure

Object Name:

Frequency.csv

Size:

4998 bytes

Authentication:

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Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

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Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
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Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Number of Children with EBLL 2015

Properties Built Before 1980

Properties Built Before 1950

Children <5 in Poverty

Median Income

Minority Pop

Demolitions 2007-2020

# Demolitions by Violation

Total Code Violations 2007-2020

Code Violations of Interest 2007-2020

# of Lead Violations

# of Smelters

Soil >400 ppm

Definition:

The number of children screened and reported to have elevated blood lead levels in Philadelphia from 2013-2015 ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of children with EBLLs to lowest concentration.

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1980 ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of units built before 1980 to the lowest concentration.

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for number of housing units that were built before 1950 ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of units built before 1950 to the lowest concentration.

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the percent of children ages 0-5 living in poverty, as defined by the U.S Census, ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of children in poverty to the lowest concentration.

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the median income ranked by census tract from the highest median income to the lowest.

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of racial and ethnic minorities ranked from the highest concentration of minorities to lowest concentration.

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of demolitions to lowest.

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred due to a housing code violation from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from highest concentration of demolitions to lowest.

The number housing code violations from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from highest concentration of violations to lowest.

The number of critical housing code violations, determined by their likelihood to either accelerate paint deterioration or are linked to or produce lead-paint hazards, ranked by census tract from highest concentration of violations to lowest.

The number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, ranked by census tract from highest concentration of lead violations to lowest.

The number of historic smelters ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of smelters to the lowest.

The number of hazardous soil data, defined as greater than or equal to 400 ppm parts per million, ranked by census tract from highest concentration of hazardous soil data points to lowest.

Storage Type:

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the median income ranked by census tract from the highest median income to the lowest.

Definition

The American Community Survey's 2019 statistics for the number of racial and ethnic minorities ranked from the highest concentration of minorities to lowest concentration.

Definition

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of demolitions to lowest.

Definition

The number of legally occurring demolitions that occurred due to a housing code violation from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from highest concentration of demolitions to lowest.

Definition

The number housing code violations from 2007 until 2020 ranked by census tract from highest concentration of violations to lowest.

Definition

The number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, ranked by census tract from highest concentration of lead violations to lowest.

Definition

The number of historic smelters ranked by census tract from the highest concentration of smelters to the lowest.

Definition

The number of hazardous soil data, defined as greater than or equal to 400 ppm parts per million, ranked by census tract from highest concentration of hazardous soil data points to lowest.

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/5f08343a99c5f8074b1d78c4c047c43f
Name:	L and I violations
Description:	Lists all data relevant housing code violations as reported by the City of Philadelphia’s Licenses and Inspections Department from 2007-2020
Number of Records:	6098
Number of Columns:	12

Table Structure

Object Name:

L_and_I_violations.csv

Size:

484603 bytes

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Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
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Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Total Number of Housing Code Violations

Census_Tracts_1

Number of Critical Housing Code Violations

Census_Tracts_2

Lead Violations

Census_Tracts_3

address

zip

censustract

violationdescription

lat

lng

Definition:

The total number of housing code violations per census tract.

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of housing code violations

The number of critical housing code violations, determined by their likelihood to either accelerate paint deterioration or are linked to or produce lead-paint hazards, per census tracts

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of critical housing code violations

The number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, per census tract

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of lead hazard violations

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the housing code violation occurred and was reported in.

The Philadelphia zip code where the housing code violation occurred and was reported in.

The base name census tract where the unit with a housing code violation was in.

A brief description of what housing code violation was reported in the housing unit.

The latitudinal coordinate where unit with the housing code violation was reported.

The longitudinal coordinate where unit with the housing code violation was reported.

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The total number of housing code violations per census tract.

Definition

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of housing code violations

Definition

The number of critical housing code violations, determined by their likelihood to either accelerate paint deterioration or are linked to or produce lead-paint hazards, per census tracts

Definition

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of critical housing code violations

Definition

The number of housing lead violations, indicating the presence of a lead hazard within a home, per census tract

Definition

The base name census tract. This column is associated with the total number of lead hazard violations

Definition

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the housing code violation occurred and was reported in.

Definition

The Philadelphia zip code where the housing code violation occurred and was reported in.

Definition

The base name census tract where the unit with a housing code violation was in.

Definition

A brief description of what housing code violation was reported in the housing unit.

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	39.92727
Max	40.07147

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-75.2486
Max	-75.1248

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/3a9292f193d4d6cafa0156fd1f091eec
Name:	Land Recycled
Description:	Lists all data relevant to the land recycled sites in Philadelphia as reported by the state of Pennsylvania
Number of Records:	38
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

Land_Recycled.csv

Size:

3584 bytes

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Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

SITE NAME

ADDRESS1

ZIP CODE

TRACT

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

CONTAMINANT CATEGORY

ACTIVITY & USE LIMITATION

MEDIA

Definition:

The name of the building or business where the clean-up occurred

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the clean-up occurred.

The Philadelphia zip code where the site clean-up occurred.

The base name census tract.

The latitudinal coordinate of the unit where the clean-up occurred.

The longitudinal coordinate of the unit where the clean-up occurred.

The type of contaminant identified at the clean-up

Describes where or not activity and use was limited at the site post clean-up.

The environmental media where the contaminants were identified

Storage Type:

string

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The name of the building or business where the clean-up occurred

Definition

The Philadelphia unit�s address where the clean-up occurred.

Definition

The Philadelphia zip code where the site clean-up occurred.

Definition

The base name census tract.

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	39.93918
Max	40.032994

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-75.229166
Max	-75.122777

Definition

The type of contaminant identified at the clean-up

Definition

Describes where or not activity and use was limited at the site post clean-up.

Definition

The environmental media where the contaminants were identified

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/18d5367f9fc668b6b767e31cec9d085f
Name:	Smelters
Description:	Lists all data relevant historic smelters in Philadelphia
Number of Records:	43
Number of Columns:	4

Table Structure

Object Name:

Smelters.csv

Size:

2415 bytes

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\r\n

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column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Census Tract

Latitude

Longitude

Site Name

Definition:

The base name census tract the historic smelter existed in.

The latitudinal coordinate where the historic smelter existed.

The longitudinal coordinate where the historic smelter existed.

The name of the historic smelter

Storage Type:

string

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The base name census tract the historic smelter existed in.

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	39.932501
Max	40.035288

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-75.223105
Max	-75.027196

Definition

The name of the historic smelter

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/0fbdddaf00c0687489c161fca501d884
Name:	Soil Points
Description:	Lists all data relevant to the soil data points, including: zip code, census tract, coordinates, and lead values in ppm.
Number of Records:	570
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

Soil_Points.csv

Size:

28197 bytes

Authentication:

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\r\n

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Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

zip_code

Census Tract

Long

Lat

LeadRange

Lead ppm

Census_Tract

# of Soil Points

Soil >400 ppm

Normalized Soil

Definition:

The Philadelphia zip code that the soil data was collected in.

The Philadelphia census tract that the soil data was collected in.

The longitudinal coordinate where the soil data was collected.

The latitudinal coordinate where the soil data was collected.

The range in which the lead contents of the soil data point falls into. Ranges were determined for color coded mapping of data.

The lead content measures in parts per million of each soil data point collected.

The census tract base name

The total number of soil data points per census tract

The number of soil data points that�s lead contents equal or exceed 400 ppm per census tract

The concentration of hazardous soil data points per census tract, identified by normalizing the number of hazardous soil data points over total soil data points collected per census tract

Storage Type:

string

float

string

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

The Philadelphia zip code that the soil data was collected in.

Definition

The Philadelphia census tract that the soil data was collected in.

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-75.247389
Max	-75.13183

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	39.933822
Max	40.070047

Definition

The range in which the lead contents of the soil data point falls into. Ranges were determined for color coded mapping of data.

Definition

The lead content measures in parts per million of each soil data point collected.

Definition

The census tract base name

Definition

The total number of soil data points per census tract

Definition

The number of soil data points that�s lead contents equal or exceed 400 ppm per census tract

Definition

The concentration of hazardous soil data points per census tract, identified by normalizing the number of hazardous soil data points over total soil data points collected per census tract

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

Lead_Census Tract

Entity Type:

unknown

Description:

Includes the R history and code used for mapping lead risk.

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

leadcensus.R

Size:

2064 bytes

Authentication:

753f0dbcec416c0c923d69ee2b0fba24 Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

text/plain

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/096775984b904b4c721c9fbc49e1c646

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

CodeMeta file for leadcensus.R

Entity Type:

unknown

Description:

CodeMeta file for R script accompanying data

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

codemeta.json

Size:

263 bytes

Authentication:

f19e5e62d989d095af6f8174e4ee3df0 Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

application/json

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/543/1/70d676a06c1dc1a42aa7c585103163c6

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website https://portal.edirepository.org (herein "website") in the summary metadata page. Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. This data package (and its components) is made available "as is" and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the website shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation or misuse of the data package or its components. Periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	Geohealth, spatial analysis, mapping lead risk

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

The study area, broadly defined as West, North, and Upper North Philadelphia includes ninety-four census tracts. Data for the thirteen considered lead-risk factors were collected from various sources. Blood lead levels, demolition, and housing code violation data are collected by the City of Philadelphia and were retrieved from OpenPhillyData. Lead-risk factors such as children in poverty, age of property, median income, and minority population were collected by the U.S Census Bureau and taken from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey. The soil data were collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and through the University of Pennsylvania’s Academically Based Community Service (ABCS) Course on Lead and graduate students working through the Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology in Philadelphia. Soil samples were also taken by residents, as organized by the EPA, universities, and farmer/gardener groups, who collected five samples from the top 0-15 cm of soil in their yards, and recorded the nearest intersection for the sake of identity protection. Lead concentrations were then determined using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers (Innov-X Delta). In the case of the ABCS course, samples were collected primarily by students between 2015 and 2020, where students were instructed to collect 5 samples from the top ~1.5 cm of soil. Again, portable XRF spectrometers were used to determine the lead concentration. Smelter data were retrieved from both the EPA’s Superfund Program Database and the paper Discovering Unrecognized Lead-Smelting Sites by Historical Methods. Brownfield and land recycled sites were taken from Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection website.

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata