Data Package Metadata View Summary

Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	edi.629.1
Title:	Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 10.1007/s10533-020-00711-5). Improvements in air quality have led to ecosystem recovery from acidic deposition, but the mechanisms and trajectories of this recovery are not fully understood. Here, we present long-term stream response and recovery data for paired watersheds at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) during declining ambient SO4 and NO3 in precipitation. East Bear (EB) received ambient deposition from 1989 to 2018; West Bear (WB) received artificially elevated N+S from 1989 to 2016. The WB treatment was discontinued after 2016, the beginning of the recovery from both the experimental N+S and ambient decline. Stream SO4 in WB gradually declined after the treatment ended, from ~147 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~126 μeq L-1 in 2017-18. The declining S inputs induced desorption of SO4 from soil phase surfaces, with stream loss far exceeding precipitation input. At the current rate of recovery, it will be many decades before the WB stream returns to pre-treatment SO4 concentrations. In contrast, NO3 is only weakly adsorbed in soil, and WB stream NO3 concentrations rapidly declined from ~39 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~5 μeq L-1 in 2017-18, comparable to the N-limited EB stream. The acid anions are strongly coupled to base cation chemistry in streams, and there was a distinct hysteretic response of Ca and Mg to the chronic acidification, as (Ca+Mg) increased rapidly during the initial years, followed by declining values due to depletion of the soil exchange complex. This 30-year monitoring study (1989-2019) provides insights into recovery mechanisms from acidic deposition and highlights the role of abiotic processes in soil that mediate nutrient cycling and retention. Documenting the rapid response of N alongside the slower recovery for S identifies the temporal resolution necessary for other whole-watershed recovery studies.
Publication Date:	2020-10-26

Time Period

Begin:

1988

End:

2018

People and Organizations
Contact:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) [ email ]
Contact:	Fernandez, Ivan J. (University of Maine) [ email ]
Creator:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)
Creator:	Fernandez, Ivan J. (University of Maine)
Creator:	Nelson, Sarah J. (University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club)
Creator:	Malcomb, Jacob (University of Virginia)
Creator:	Norton, Stephen A. (University of Maine)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	annual deposition
Description:	Annual ambient atmospheric deposition for nitrogen and sulfur
Data Table Name:	annual input output
Description:	Annual input and output fluxes for sulfur and nitrogen
Data Table Name:	stream annual cations
Description:	Annual stream calcium and magnesium concentrations
Data Table Name:	stream ns concentrations
Description:	Stream sulfate and nitrate concentrations (all measured data)

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/629/1/e1ffa8e5d8f5b273e6ddcdffcb84e4ab
Name:	annual deposition
Description:	Annual ambient atmospheric deposition for nitrogen and sulfur
Number of Records:	30
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

annual_deposition.csv

Size:

1486 bytes

Authentication:

fb0ee23e47db251eca794ce6d99761ee Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

wet_data_type

S_input_wet_kg_ha_yr

N_input_wet_kg_ha_yr

S_input_dry_kg_ha_yr

N_input_dry_kg_ha_yr

S_input_total_kg_ha_yr

N_input_total_kg_ha_yr

Definition:

Year, on a water year basis (Oct-1 to Sep-31)

Record type for wet deposition

Wet deposition of sulfur

Wet deposition of nitrogen

Dry deposition of sulfur

Dry deposition of nitrogen

Total deposition of sulfur, wet + dry

Total deposition of nitrogen, wet + dry

Storage Type:

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	1989
Max	2018

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	measured
Definition	data measured at the site
Source

Code Definition

Code	estimated
Definition	wet deposition estimated from the CASTNET HOW132 site
Source

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.13
Max	6.9

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.03
Max	5.25

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	0.61
Max	3.72

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	0.86
Max	4.37

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.74
Max	10.62

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.89
Max	9.62

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/629/1/df556b5499d6de345a6e752ecd2a0ac0
Name:	annual input output
Description:	Annual input and output fluxes for sulfur and nitrogen
Number of Records:	60
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

annual_input_output.csv

Size:

3471 bytes

Authentication:

e81978ab7b0c413e88df030e803e499a Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Watershed

S_input_kg_ha_yr

N_input_kg_ha_yr

S_output_kg_ha_yr

N_output_kg_ha_yr

S_retention_kg_ha_yr

N_retention_kg_ha_yr

S_cum_retention_kg_ha_yr

N_cum_retention_kg_ha_yr

Definition:

Year, on a water year basis (Oct-1 to Sep-31)

Watershed

Total sulfur deposition (input flux)

Total nitrogen deposition (input flux)

Total stream sulfur output flux

Total stream nitrogen output flux

Net ecosystem sulfur retention, input - output

Net ecosystem nitrogen retention, input - output

Cumulative ecosystem sulfur retention

Cumulative ecosystem nitrogen retention

Storage Type:

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	1989
Max	2018

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	EB
Definition	East Bear (reference)
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	West Bear (manipulated)
Source

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.74
Max	39.42

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.89
Max	34.82

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	7.02
Max	39.14

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	0
Max	10.42

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	-23.51
Max	19.77

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	1.86
Max	30.8

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	-208.12
Max	186.39

Unit	kilogramsPerHectarePerYear
Type	real
Min	5.39
Max	692.87

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/629/1/994017784217bfe56a5be423f54e05d2
Name:	stream annual cations
Description:	Annual stream calcium and magnesium concentrations
Number of Records:	60
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

stream_annual_cations.csv

Size:

2176 bytes

Authentication:

26779ff81f545362e2c3225857860c00 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Watershed

Area_ha

NO3_ueq_L

SO4_ueq_L

Ca_ueq_L

Mg_ueq_L

H2O_1e6_L

Definition:

Year, on a water year basis (Oct-1 to Sep-31)

Watershed

Watershed area

Annual stream nitrate concentration

Annual stream sulfate concentration

Annual stream calcium concentration

Annual stream magnesium concentration

Annual stream water volume discharged (x 1,000,000)

Storage Type:

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	1989
Max	2018

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	EB
Definition	East Bear (reference)
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	West Bear (manipulated)
Source

Unit	hectare
Type	real
Min	10.26
Max	10.9

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.1
Max	717

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	natural
Min	439
Max	2446

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	natural
Min	220
Max	1517

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	natural
Min	93
Max	523

Unit	liter
Type	natural
Min	51
Max	159

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/629/1/942bec7581fb7dc044bc1c834285eeae
Name:	stream ns concentrations
Description:	Stream sulfate and nitrate concentrations (all measured data)
Number of Records:	7003
Number of Columns:	7

Table Structure

Object Name:

stream_ns_concentrations.csv

Size:

193631 bytes

Authentication:

0d693c9131415b4a19c73a0dee807ebc Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Watershed

Year

Month

Day

NO3_ueq_L

SO4_ueq_L

Definition:

Watershed

Calendar year

Year, on a water year basis (Oct-1 to Sep-31)

Month sampled

Day sampled

Stream nitrate concentration

Stream sulfate concentration

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	EB
Definition	East Bear (reference)
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	West Bear (manipulated)
Source

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	1986
Max	2019

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	1987
Max	2019

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	12

Unit	nominalDay
Type	whole
Min	0
Max	31

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.000634921
Max	135

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	real
Min	21
Max	247

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	BBWM, Bear Brook, adsorption, acidic deposition, acidification
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	nitrate, sulfate, recovery

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Stream samples were collected as grab samples and with ISCO autosamplers, and analyzed for nitrate, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium. Wet-only precipitation was collected at the site using an AeroChem-metrics precipitation collector and was analyzed for nitrogen and sulfur. Dry deposition data were obtained from the CASTNET Howland station (HOW132). Detailed methods can be found in the corresponding manuscript (doi: 10.1007/s10533-020-00711-5).

The processing script and workflow are hosted on GitHub (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4127269)

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source

The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA: Long-term atmospheric deposition chemistry 1987 - 2012

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source

The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA: Long-term stream chemistry 1986 - 2016

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Creators:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Individual:

Ivan J. Fernandez

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ivanjf@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2205

Individual:

Sarah J. Nelson

Organization:

University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club

Email Address:

snelson@outdoors.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-7521

Individual:

Jacob Malcomb

Organization:

University of Virginia

Email Address:

jm4bg@virginia.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-5170

Individual:

Stephen A. Norton

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

norton@maine.edu

Contacts:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Individual:

Ivan J. Fernandez

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ivanjf@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2205

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

1988

End:

2018

Sampling Site:

Description:

BBWM is located in eastern Maine, USA at an elevation of 450.8 m. Soils are coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic and Aquic Haplorthods. Bedrock consists dominantly of quartzite, phyllite, and calc-silicate low-grade metasediments, and minor granite dikes. The lower elevations are dominated by hardwood stands, and the upper elevations are dominated by softwood stands.

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-68.1

Latitude (degree):

44.87

Project

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	completed
Frequency:

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'nominalMonth'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'nominalMonth'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata