Data Package Metadata View Summary

Snowmelt periods as hot moments for soil N dynamics: A case study in Maine, USA

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	edi.635.1
Title:	Snowmelt periods as hot moments for soil N dynamics: A case study in Maine, USA
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 0.1007/s10661-020-08733-0). The vernal transition represents the seasonal transition to spring, occurring as temperatures rise at the end of winter. With rapid snowmelt, microbial community turnover, and accelerated nutrient cycling, this is a critical but relatively under-studied period of ecosystem function. We conducted a study over two consecutive winters (2015-2016) at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine to examine how changing winter conditions (warming winters, reduced snow accumulation) altered soil nitrogen availability and stream N export during winter and the vernal transition, and how these patterns were influenced by ecosystem N status (N-enriched vs. N-limited). Of the two study years, 2016 had a warmer winter with substantially less snow accumulation and a discontinuous snowpack — and as a result, had a longer vernal transition and a snowpack that thawed before the vernal transition began. Across both years, snowmelt triggered a transition, signaled by increased ammonium concentrations in soil, decreased soil nitrate concentrations due to flushing by meltwater, and increased stream nitrate exports. Despite the contrasting winter conditions, both years showed similar patterns in N availability and export, differing only in the timing of these transitions. The vernal transition has conventionally been considered a critical period for biogeochemical cycling, because the associated snowmelt event triggers physicochemical and biochemical changes in soil systems. This was consistent with our results in 2015, but our data for 2016 show that this may not always hold true, and instead, that warmer, low-snow winters may demonstrate a temporal asynchrony between snowmelt and the vernal transition. We also show that ecosystem N status is a strong driver of the seasonal N pattern, and the interaction of N status and changing climate must be further investigated to understand ecosystem function under our current predicted trajectory of warming winters, declining snowfall, and winter thaw events.
Publication Date:	2020-11-16

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2016

People and Organizations
Contact:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) [ email ]
Contact:	Fernandez, Ivan J. (University of Maine) [ email ]
Creator:	Patel, Kaizad F. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)
Creator:	Tatariw, Corianne (University of Alabama)
Creator:	MacRae, Jean D. (University of Maine)
Creator:	Ohno, Tsutomu (University of Maine)
Creator:	Nelson, Sarah J. (University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club)
Creator:	Fernandez, Ivan J. (University of Maine)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	snowpack depth
Description:	Snowpack measurements for 2015-16
Data Table Name:	soil n
Description:	Soil extractable nitrogen
Data Table Name:	stream n
Description:	Stream nitrate concentrations
Data Table Name:	streamflow
Description:	Streamflow discharge and gage height measurements
Data Table Name:	temp movingavg
Description:	Air and soil temperature 7-day moving averages

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/635/1/5937ab6d3ce613f11bb3f5bf32aa2d99
Name:	snowpack depth
Description:	Snowpack measurements for 2015-16
Number of Records:	39
Number of Columns:	5

Table Structure

Object Name:

snowpack_depth.csv

Size:

789 bytes

Authentication:

7dfb66c08948421498f2b0726a9126d6 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Year

Month

Day

variable

depth_cm

Definition:

Year sampled

Month sampled

Day sampled

Data collection location/source

Snowpack depth

Storage Type:

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	2015
Max	2016

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	7

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	31

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	EB
Definition	East Bear
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	West Bear
Source

Code Definition

Code	Survey
Definition	data obtained from the Maine Cooperative Snow Survey, Beddington location
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	82.3

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/635/1/e0c13e11de49bc0db095f4aa45aa4bb5
Name:	soil n
Description:	Soil extractable nitrogen
Number of Records:	78
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

soil_n.csv

Size:

3433 bytes

Authentication:

a7237ddb2a3c8d6a764bfa0f5208b766 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Year

Month

Day

Season

Sample

Watershed

Forest

Horizon

NO3_mg_kg

NH4_mg_kg

Definition:

Year sampled

Month sampled

Day sampled

Season

Sample number

Watershed/sampling location

Stand type

Soil horizon

Soil-extractable nitrate as N in milligrams Nitrogrm Per Gram soil

Soil-extractable ammonium as N in MilligramsNitrogenPerGramSoil

Storage Type:

float

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	2015
Max	2016

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	10

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	2
Max	27

Definition

Season

Unit	dimensionless
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	3

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	EB
Definition	East Bear
Source

Code Definition

Code	WB
Definition	West Bear
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	HW
Definition	hardwood
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	O
Definition	O (organic) horizon
Source

Unit	milligramPerKilogram
Type	real
Min	0.01
Max	50.33

Unit	milligramPerKilogram
Type	real
Min	1.33
Max	213.77

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/635/1/755ed7175f944d7499fdf4ebade4929e
Name:	stream n
Description:	Stream nitrate concentrations
Number of Records:	126
Number of Columns:	6

Table Structure

Object Name:

stream_n.csv

Size:

2958 bytes

Authentication:

5a68e23d7f73632a01b8d62b0dd8b4bb Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Watershed

Year

Month

Day

NO3_ueq_L

NO3_N_mg_L

Definition:

Watershed/sampling location

Year sampled

Month sampled

Day sampled

Stream nitrate

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

Watershed/sampling location

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	2015
Max	2016

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	12

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	29

Unit	microequivalentPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0.01
Max	65.71

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	0.92

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/635/1/321c98f433f1f6ddcebfff5c5a851c77
Name:	streamflow
Description:	Streamflow discharge and gage height measurements
Number of Records:	639
Number of Columns:	9

Table Structure

Object Name:

streamflow.csv

Size:

24616 bytes

Authentication:

c684a00fbe8c5413af52fab867ff3da8 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Year

Month

Day

yday

mean_discharge_m3_s

total_discharge_m3_s

cum_discharge_m3_s

gageht_cm

Definition:

Year sampled

Month sampled

Day sampled

Day of year/Julian day

Daily mean discharge

Daily total discharge

Cumulative total discharge

Gage height

Number of measurements

Storage Type:

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	2015
Max	2016

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	12

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	31

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	365

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0
Max	0.55

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0
Max	159.82

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0
Max	1563.78

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	147
Max	170.97

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	33
Max	300

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/635/1/c951585ad6a9a7ac9d976d16bff0d88a
Name:	temp movingavg
Description:	Air and soil temperature 7-day moving averages
Number of Records:	602
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

temp_movingavg.csv

Size:

20783 bytes

Authentication:

3069e51ecf40a1ec73790e697f61d069 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Year

Month

Day

Season

JulianDay

airtemp_C

orgtemp_C

min10cmtemp_C

Definition:

Year

Month

Day

Season

Julian Day

Air temperature

Organic soil temperature

Mineral soil (10 cm) temperature

Storage Type:

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural
Min	2015
Max	2016

Unit	nominalMonth
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	12

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	31

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Winter
Definition	winter
Source

Code Definition

Code	VT
Definition	vernal transition
Source

Code Definition

Code	GS
Definition	growing season
Source

Code Definition

Code	Fall
Definition	fall autumn
Source

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	365

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	-13.38
Max	21.98

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	-1.13
Max	16.99

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	0.77
Max	15.51

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Code	NA
Expl	not available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	BBWM, Bear Brook, vernal transition, forest soils, N-enrichment, snowmelt
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	nitrogen

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Soil and stream samples were collected during winter and spring of 2015 and 2016, and analyzed for ammonium and/or nitrate. Detailed methods can be found in the corresponding manuscript (doi: 0.1007/s10661-020-08733-0). The processing script and workflow are hosted on GitHub (https://github.com/kaizadp/bbwm_vernal_transition).

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Creators:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Individual:

Corianne Tatariw

Organization:

University of Alabama

Email Address:

ctatariw@ua.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-7528

Individual:

Jean D. MacRae

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

jean.macrae@maine.edu

Individual:

Tsutomu Ohno

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ohno@maine.edu

Individual:

Sarah J. Nelson

Organization:

University of Maine; Appalachian Mountain Club

Email Address:

snelson@outdoors.org

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-7521

Individual:

Ivan J. Fernandez

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ivanjf@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2205

Contacts:

Individual:

Kaizad F. Patel

Organization:

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Email Address:

kaizad.patel@pnnl.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7809

Individual:

Ivan J. Fernandez

Organization:

University of Maine

Email Address:

ivanjf@maine.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2205

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2016

Sampling Site:

Description:

BBWM is located in eastern Maine, USA at an elevation of 450.8 m. Soils are coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic and Aquic Haplorthods. Bedrock consists dominantly of quartzite, phyllite, and calc-silicate low-grade metasediments, and minor granite dikes. The lower elevations are dominated by hardwood stands, and the upper elevations are dominated by softwood stands.

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-68.1

Latitude (degree):

44.87

Project

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	completed
Frequency:

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'nominalMonth'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'nominalMonth'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Snowmelt periods as hot moments for soil N dynamics: A case study in Maine, USA

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Snowmelt periods as hot moments for soil N dynamics: A case study in Maine, USA

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata