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Time series of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations for Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2015-2021

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:edi.705.5
Title:Time series of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations for Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2015-2021
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Surface samples and depth profiles of carbon dioxide and methane concentrations were sampled during the ice-free period from 2015 to 2021 in two drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia) and Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia). Both reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia. The dataset consists of depth profiles of dissolved greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane) samples measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam. Additional samples were collected at a gauged weir on Falling Creek Reservoir's primary inflow tributary, as surface samples from a wetland adjacent to Falling Creek Reservoir, and from the reservoir outflow. At Beaverdam Reservoir, additional samples were collected at three outflow points below the dam. Samples were collected approximately fortnightly from March-April, weekly from May-October, and monthly in November at Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir. In 2019, surface samples along the stream and reservoir continuum from both Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir were collected monthly during the summer stratified period.

Publication Date:2022-01-27
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2015-03-31
End:
2021-12-06

People and Organizations
Contact:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech) [  email ]
Creator:Carey, Cayelan C. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Hounshell, Alexandria G. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:McClure, Ryan P. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Gerling, Alexandra B. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Lewis, Abigail S.L. (Virginia Tech)
Creator:Niederlehner, Barbara R. (Virginia Tech)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
GHG Dataset
Description:
GHG Dataset
Other Name:
QA/QC Code
Description:
R script for GHG QA/QC
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/705/5/38d72673295864956cccd6bbba99a1a3
Name:GHG Dataset
Description:GHG Dataset
Number of Records:5345
Number of Columns:10

Table Structure
Object Name:final_GHG_2015-2021.csv
Size:329740 bytes
Authentication:e80442d56e96df51f464aae815b06526 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Reservoir  
Site  
DateTime  
Depth_m  
Rep  
ch4_umolL  
co2_umolL  
flag_DateTime  
flag_ch4  
flag_co2  
Definition:Three-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; FCR = Falling Creek Reservoir; BVR = Beaverdam Reservoir50 = Deep hole or site nearest to dam in each reservoir, 45 = Upstream pelagic site nearest to the deep hole in each reservoir, 30 = Upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of the reservoir, 20 = Different upstream pelagic site in transitional zone of the reservoir, 99 = Farthest downstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir (37.307613,-79.8360878); 100 = Inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir (37.30858,-79.83494) or Beaverdam Reservoir (37.31957,-79.82437); 101 = upstream site along inflow to Falling Creek Reservoir (37.309653,-79.830467); 102 = Furthest upstream site on inflow stream to Falling Creek Reservoir (37.311678,-79.827357); 200 = Secondary inflow (wetland) stream to Falling Creek Reservoir (37.30943,-79.83619) or right arm inflow to Beaverdam Reservoir (37.322851,-79.81721); 1 = Outflow site at spillway of Falling Creek Reservoir (37.30247,-79.83692) or Beaverdam Reservoir, 1.1 = Outflow drain below Beaverdam Reservoir (right most, from below dam) and Falling Creek Reservoir dams, 1.2 = Middle outflow below Beaverdam Reservoir, 1.3 = Left-most (from below dam) outflow drain below Beaverdam Reservoir, 1.4 = Pool at bottom of left-most (from below dam) outflow drain below Beaverdam ReservoirDate and time of sampling. All data were collected in the eastern time zone of the U.S.A., with daylight savings time observedWater depth where the sample was collectedField replicates collected at the same site, date, and depthDissolved methane concentrationDissolved carbon dioxide concentrationFlag value for DateTime; 0 = Time recorded; 1 = Time not recorded and set to 12:00Flag value for methane concentration; 0 = the samples and replicates are good 1 = Sample was either not collected or was not retained due to issues with the GC; 2 = Sample was below the method detection limit; 3 = The difference between the reps are above the limit of quantification and >30% and <50% different from each other. Both replicates were retained but flagged; 4 = The difference between the reps are above the limit of quantification and >50% different from each other. Both replicates were retained but flagged.Flag value for carbon dioxide concentration; 0 = the samples and replicates are good 1 = Sample was either not collected or was not retained due to issues with the GC; 2 = Sample was below the method detection limit; 3 = The difference between the reps are above the limit of quantification and >30% and <50% different from each other. Both replicates were retained but flagged; 4 = The difference between the reps are above the limit of quantification and >50% different from each other. Both replicates were retained but flagged.
Storage Type:string  
float  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:nominalratiodateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
DefinitionThree-letter code corresponding to sampled reservoir; FCR = Falling Creek Reservoir; BVR = Beaverdam Reservoir
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min1 
Max200 
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision
Unitmeter
Typereal
Min0 
Max11 
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Min1 
Max4 
UnitmicromolePerLiter
Typereal
Min-0.028547288 
Max790.2280281 
UnitmicromolePerLiter
Typereal
Min0 
Max1171.404524 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min0 
Max1 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min0 
Max4 
Unitdimensionless
Typewhole
Min0 
Max4 
Missing Value Code:
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
CodeNA
Explvalue is missing
Accuracy Report:                    
Accuracy Assessment:                    
Coverage:                    
Methods:                    

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:QA/QC Code
Entity Type:unknown
Description:R script for GHG QA/QC
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:GHGforEDI.R
Size:30386 bytes
Authentication:68db96b34bcf61e9c0111b1ac8134112 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/705/5/445413282a3e212bf270053c7ea88786

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
carey lab controlled vocabularygreenhouse gas, Virginia Tech, Stream Team, Western Virginia Water Authority, Falling Creek Reservoir, Beaverdam Reservoir
cuahsi controlled vocabularyreservoir, lake
lter controlled vocabularydepth, methane, carbon dioxide, lakes

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND EQUIPMENT

Samples for greenhouse gas (methane, carbon dioxide) analysis were collected from Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir during the ice-free period (March - November) for 2015 - 2021 from the deepest site in each reservoir. Most sampling occurred between the hours of 9:00 and 15:00; however, some sampling occurred outside of these hours, including some overnight sampling. For more information about nighttime sampling, see Doubek et. al. 2018. Exact sampling times were included in the DateTime column starting in 2018. After 2018, exact times, when recorded during sample collection, are indicated in the DateTime column with a Flag_DateTime value of 0. If exact times were not recorded during sample collection, time was standardized to 12:00 and Flag_DateTime was set to 1. Prior to 2018, sample timestamps for samples collected between approximately 9:00 and 15:00 were standardized to noon and Flag_DateTime was set to 1.

Samples were collected from several routine depths including: 0.1, 1.6, 3.8, 5.0, 6.2, 8.0 and 9.0 m in Falling Creek Reservoir and 0.1, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 11.0 m for Beaverdam Reservoir. These sampling depths were chosen to approximately match outtake valves in Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir. Samples from Falling Creek Reservoir were also collected from a gauged weir on the primary inflow to Falling Creek Reservoir (Site = 100), as surface samples from the wetlands adjacent to the reservoir (Site = 200), and from the reservoir outflow (Site = 1.1). In Beaverdam Reservoir, additional samples were collected from the several sites at the outflow below the dam (Site = 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4). In summer 2019, additional surface samples were collected along the stream and reservior continuum for both Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir as part of the Reservoir Continuum project (Falling Creek Reservoir: Creek Sites = 102, 101, 100, 99, 200; Reservoir Sites = 20, 30, 45, 50; Reservoir Outflow = 01 and Beaverdam Reservoir: Creek Sites = 100, 200; Reservoir Sites = 20, 30, 45, 50; Mid-Reservoir Outflow Pipe = 01). Routine depth samples were collected monthly in March-April and September-November and twice weekly for Falling Creek Reservoir and weekly from Beaverdam Reservoir from May-August. Samples were collected with a 4-L Van Dorn sampler (Wildlife Supply, Yulee, FL, USA) and transferred to into two replicate 20 mL glass vials without exposure to air and crimp sealed. Surface samples were collected via grab samples for all stream and up-stream reservoir locations. Samples were stored on ice and analyzed within 24 hours of collection following McClure et al. (2018).

SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND EQUIPMENT

Dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured in each water sample on a Gas Chromatograph (GC) with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) following McClure et al. (2018). Briefly, immediately prior to analysis, a 2-mL headspace was created with Helium (He) by displacing 2-mL of sample water. The headspace was equilibrated by shaking each 20-mL vial at 300 rpm for 15 minutes. The 2-mL headspace was then injected into the GC. The oven temperature was set to 35 degrees C with a carrier gas (He) flow rate of 15 mL/min. CH4 had a retention time of 1.3 min on the FID and CO2 had a retention time of 2.8 min on the TCD. Dissolved concentrations of CH4 and CO2 in water were calculated using the observed head-space concentrations and Henry's Law (McClure et al. 2018). From 2015-2018, samples were analyzed on a GC SRI, Model 8010. From 2019-onwards, samples were analyzed on a Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030.

DATA FLAGS

Replicate samples (Rep 1 and 2) were often collected for each Date, Site, and Depth. If a second rep was not collected, the data was flagged as '1' (sample was not collected). If the analyzed sample had a value below the minimum detection limit (MDL) the sample was flagged as '2' (sample below MDL). A running MDL was calculated for each GC separately (2015-2018, GC SRI, Model 8010; 2019-onwards, Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030) from routinely measured air concentrations (MDL for each year is presented; 2015 CH4 = 0.00229, CO2 = 3.92; 2016 CH4 = 0.00256, CO2 = 3.83; 2017 CH4 = 0.00210, CO2 = 3.81; 2018 CH4 = 0.00294, CO2 = 3.74; 2019 CH4 = 0.00103, CO2 = 3.74; 2020 CH4 = 0.00103, CO2 = 3.75 umol/L; 2021 CH4 = 0.00252 umol/L, CO2 = 4.36 umol/L). Replicates of each sample were assessed after sample analysis using calculated percent difference between replicate samples as well as the limit of quantification (LOQ = 3*MDL). If the difference between replicate samples was < LOQ, then the samples were not flagged ('0', samples are good). If the difference between samples was >LOQ and the percent difference between replicates samples was <30%, then the samples were not flagged ('0', samples are good). If the difference between samples was >LOQ and the percent difference between replicates was >30% but <50%, then the samples were flagged as '3' (difference between reps is above LOQ and above 30% difference and below 50% difference). If the difference between samples was >LOQ and the percent difference between replciates was >50%, then the samples were flagged '4' (difference between reps is above the LOQ and above 50% different). For all flags, replicates were retained in the dataset.

REFERENCES

Doubek J.P., Campbell K.L., Doubek K.M., Hamre K.D., Lofton M.E., McClure R.P., Ward N.K., Carey C.C. (2018). The effects of hypolimnetic anoxia on the diel vertical migration of freshwater crustacean zooplankton. Ecosphere, 9(7):02332. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2332

McClure R.P., Hamre K.D., Niederlehner B.R., Munger Z.W., Chen S., Lofton M.E., Schreiber M.E., Carey C.C. (2018). Metalimnetic oxygen minima alter the vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in a managed freshwater reservoir. Science of the Total Environment, 636. pp. 610-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.255

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Individual: Alexandria G. Hounshell
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
alexgh@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-9399
Individual: Ryan P. McClure
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
ryan333@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-3852
Individual: Alexandra B. Gerling
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
alexg13@vt.edu
Individual: Abigail S.L. Lewis
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
aslewis@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-4542
Individual: Barbara R. Niederlehner
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
bniederl@vt.edu
Contacts:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2015-03-31
End:
2021-12-06
Geographic Region:
Description:Beaverdam Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.322865Southern:  37.311961
Western:  -79.824834Eastern:  -79.813848
Geographic Region:
Description:Falling Creek Reservoir is located in Vinton, Virginia, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  37.309589Southern:  37.30266
Western:  -79.839249Eastern:  -79.836009

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:No project title to report
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Western Virginia Water Authority
Related Project:
Title:Dynamics of coupled P-Fe-Mn cycling in drinking water reservoirs and implications for water quality
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science
Related Project:
Title:SCC-IRG Track 2: Resilient Water Systems: Integrating Environmental Sensor Networks and Real-Time Forecasting to Adaptively Manage Drinking Water Quality an Build Social Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1737424
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Consequences of changing oxygen availability for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1753639
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Cayelan C. Carey
Organization:Virginia Tech
Email Address:
Cayelan@vt.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-4476
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1933016
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: CIBR: Cyberinfrastructure Enabling End-to-End Workflows for Aquatic Ecosystem Forecasting
Personnel:
Individual: Renato J. Figueiredo
Organization:University of Florida
Email Address:
reanto@acis.ufl.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-6060
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation 1933102

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

Authorship Contribution Statement: CCC developed and led the reservoir monitoring program 2013-present. AGH is the point person for dissolved GHG data collation, QA/QC, and publishing for 2021. RPM was the point person for the dissolved GHG data analysis, collation, QA/QC, and publishing from 2015-2020; ABG co-developed sampling protocol with CCC and was the point person for spring-summer 2015. ASL coordinated GHG data collation, assisted with QA/QC, and data publishing in 2020-2021. BRN conducted all dissolved GHG analysis in 2020-2021 and all QA/QC curves.

Oxygenation Information:

From 2015 to 2021, multiple whole-ecosystem manipulations were conducted at Falling Creek Reservoir. These manipulations include intermittent operation of hypolimnetic oxygenation and pulsed epilimnetic mixing engineering systems. For a detailed description of the hypolimnetic oxygenation engineered system, see Gerling et al. (2014) and for a detailed description of the epilimnetic mixing engineered system, see Chen et al. (2017). These systems were operated over time following Table 1 in Gerling et al. (2016), Table 1 in Munger et al. (2016), and Table 2 in McClure et al. (2018). In 2019, the HOx was activated during the following time periods: 29 June to 11 September, 25 September to 02 December. In 2020, the HOx was activated during the following time periods: 29 June to 11 September, 25 September to 02 December. In 2021, the HOx was activated during the following time periods: 11 June to 28 June, 26 July to 6 December 2021.

Chen, S., C. Lei, C.C. Carey, P.A. Gantzer, and J.C. Little. 2017. Predicting hypolimnetic oxygenation and epilimnetic mixing in a shallow eutrophic reservoir using a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Water Resources Research. 53: 470-484. DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019279

Gerling, A.B., Browne, R.G., Gantzer, P.A., Mobley, M.H., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2014. First report of the successful operation of a side stream supersaturation hypolimnetic oxygenation system in a eutrophic, shallow reservoir. Water Research. 67: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.002

Gerling, A.B., Z.W. Munger, J.P. Doubek, K.D. Hamre, P.A. Gantzer, J.C. Little, and C.C. Carey. 2016. Whole-catchment manipulations of internal and external loading reveal the sensitivity of a century-old reservoir to hypoxia. Ecosystems. 19:555-571. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9951-0

McClure, R.P., K.D. Hamre, B.R. Niederlehner, Z.W. Munger, S. Chen, M.E. Lofton, M.E. Schreiber, and C.C. Carey. 2018 Metalimnetic oxygen minima alter the vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in a managed freshwater reservoir. Science of the Total Environment 636: 610-620. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.255

Munger, Z.W., C.C. Carey, A.B. Gerling, K.D. Hamre, J.P. Doubek, S.D. Klepatzki, R.P. McClure, and M.E. Schreiber. 2016. Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir. Water Research. 106: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.038

Lofton, M.E., McClure, R.P., Chen, S., Little, J.C., and C.C. Carey. 2019. Whole-ecosystem experiments reveal varying responses of phytoplankton functional groups to epilimnetic mixing in a eutrophic reservoir. Water. 11, 222; DOI:10.3390/w11020222

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'molarity'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'amountOfSubstanceConcentration'
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