Data Package Metadata View Summary

Silicon concentrations and stoichiometry in two agricultural watersheds: implications for management and downstream water quality

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.832.1

Title:

Silicon concentrations and stoichiometry in two agricultural watersheds: implications for management and downstream water quality

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Agriculture alters the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) which contributes to the stoichiometric imbalance among these nutrients in aquatic systems. Limitation of Si relative to N and P can facilitate the growth of non-siliceous, potentially harmful, algal taxa which has severe environmental and economic impacts. Planting winter cover crops can retain N and P on the landscape, yet their effect on Si concentrations and stoichiometry is unknown. We analyzed three years of biweekly concentrations and loads of dissolved N, P, and Si from subsurface tile drains and stream water in two agricultural watersheds in northern Indiana. Intra-annual patterns in Si concentrations and stoichiometry showed that cover crop vegetation growth did not reduce in-stream Si concentrations as expected, although, compared to fallow conditions, winter cover crops increased Si:N ratios to conditions more favorable for diatom growth. To assess the risk of non-siliceous algal growth, we calculated a stoichiometric index to quantify biomass growth facilitated by excess N and P relative to Si. Index values showed a divergence between predicted algal growth and what we observed in the streams, indicating other factors influence algal community composition. The stoichiometric imbalance was more pronounced at high flows, suggesting increased risk of harmful blooms as climate change increases the frequency and intensity of precipitation in the midwestern U.S. Our data include some of the first published measurements of Si within small agricultural watersheds and provide the groundwork for understanding the role of agriculture on Si export and stoichiometry.

Publication Date:

2022-04-19

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2017-10-01

End:

2020-09-29

People and Organizations
Contact:	Sethna, Lienne R (Indiana University) [ email ]
Contact:	Royer, Todd V (Indiana University) [ email ]
Creator:	Sethna, Lienne R (Indiana University, Graduate researcher)
Creator:	Royer, Todd V (Indiana University, Professor)
Creator:	Speir, Shannon L (University of Alabama, Postdoctoral Researcher)
Creator:	Trentman, Matt T (University of Montana, Postdoctoral Researcher)
Creator:	Mahl, Ursula H (University of Notre Dame, Laboratory manager)
Creator:	Hagemeier, Leah P (Indiana University, Graduate researcher)
Creator:	Tank, Jennifer L (University of Notre Dame, Professor)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	IWI_nutrients_discharge_datarepository
Description:	Sample nutrient concentrations and discharge for KDW and SDW outlets and tile drains in KDW.
Data Table Name:	IWI_IFEP_datarepository
Description:	Daily nutrient yields and Indicator of Freshwater Eutrophication Potential (IFEP) values for KDW and SDW. Yields were calculated from modeled nutrient loads and IFEP values are based on yields according to the freshwater Redfield ratio.

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/832/1/0366b1a4cc8f27363a3405b0f6335a20
Name:	IWI_nutrients_discharge_datarepository
Description:	Sample nutrient concentrations and discharge for KDW and SDW outlets and tile drains in KDW.
Number of Records:	1204
Number of Columns:	10

Table Structure

Object Name:

IWI_nutrients_discharge_datarepository.csv

Size:

73107 byte

Authentication:

77faeeb77d4aab80464673c13aa90ed7 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Watershed

Date

Site_type

Site

NH4 concentrations

NO3 concentration

SRP

Si concentration

DIN

Q_cfs

Column Name:

Watershed

Date

Site_type

Site

NH4

NO3

SRP

DIN

Q_cfs

Definition:

Data collected from either Shatto Ditch Watershed (SDW) or Kirkpatrick Ditch Watershed (KDW)

Date of sample collection

Sample collected from either Stream or Tile

Site name where sample was collected

Sample ammonium (NH4+) concentration with units of micrograms-as N per liter

Sample nitrate (NO3) concentration with units of milligrams-as N per liter

Sample soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration as micrograms-asP per liter

Sample dissolved silicon concentration with units milligrams-asSiO2 per liter

Sample dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration (nitrate+ammonium) with units milligrams-asN per liter

Discharge (cubic feet per second)

Storage Type:

string

dateTime

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

dateTime

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	KDW
Definition	Kirkpatrick ditch watershed
Source

Code Definition

Code	SDW
Definition	Shatto ditch watershed
Source

Format	MM/DD/YYYY
Precision

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Stream
Definition	Stream site
Source

Code Definition

Code	Tile
Definition	Tile drain
Source

Definition

Site name where sample was collected

Unit	microgramPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	microgramPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	milligramPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	footCubedPerSecond
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	No ammonium measurement taken

Code	NA
Expl	No nitrate measurement taken

Code	NA
Expl	No soluble reactive phosphorus measurement taken

Code	NA
Expl	No dissolved silica measurement taken

Code	NA
Expl	No DIN measurement taken

Code	NA
Expl	No discharge measurement taken
Code	0
Expl	Discharge measured to be zero

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/832/1/20865f45a800e7265b972295eb70dd70
Name:	IWI_IFEP_datarepository
Description:	Daily nutrient yields and Indicator of Freshwater Eutrophication Potential (IFEP) values for KDW and SDW. Yields were calculated from modeled nutrient loads and IFEP values are based on yields according to the freshwater Redfield ratio.
Number of Records:	2192
Number of Columns:	7

Table Structure

Object Name:

IWI_IFEP_datarepository.csv

Size:

165043 byte

Authentication:

5659370a2071f618fc6609a2c2b83dac Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Watershed

Date

DSi_yield

DIN_yield

SRP_yield

NIFEP

PIFEP

Definition:

Values correspond to either the Kirkpatrick ditch watershed (KDW) or Shatto ditch watershed (SDW) outlets

Sample date

Watershed dissolved silica yield with units kilograms-as SiO2 per square kilometer

Watershed dissolved inorganic nitrogen yield with units kilograms-as N per square kilometer

Watershed soluble reactive phosphorus yield with units kilograms-as P per square kilometer

Daily N-IFEP values

Daily P-IFEP values

Storage Type:

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

dateTime

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	KDW
Definition	Kirkpatrick ditch watershed
Source

Code Definition

Code	SDW
Definition	Shatto ditch watershed
Source

Format	MM/DD/YYYY
Precision

Unit	kilogramPerSquareKilometer
Type	real

Unit	kilogramPerSquareKilometer
Type	real

Unit	kilogramPerSquareKilometer
Type	real

Unit	kilogramsCarbonPerSquareKilometerPerDay
Type	real

Unit	kilogramsCarbonPerSquareKilometerPerDay
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
silica	Silicon
(No thesaurus)	Agriculture, Freshwater, Nutrients, Indiana Watershed Initiative
ratios	Stoichiometry

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Instantaneous discharge was measured at tile drains using a timer and graduated receptacle. To ensure accurate volume and time values, discharge was measured multiple times until three consecutive measurements were all within 10%. For larger tile drains (diameter > 0.5m) or when total tile flow could not be captured in the graduated receptacle (Q > 10 L s-1), we used an electromagnetic water velocity meter and a wading rod to calculate specific discharge (Q). Stream discharge was monitored by U.S. Geological Survey gages at the KDW (#05524546) and SDW (#03331224) watershed outlets. ==================== Data Sources ========================= U.S. Geological Survey Water Data for the Nation ===========================================================

Instrument(s):

March-McBirney Model 2000 Flo-Mate

Description:

We monitored sixteen tile drains in KDW and the watershed outlets for both KDW and SDW twice monthly for the 2018-2020 water years (Oct 1- Sept 30). For both tile drains and streams, we sampled for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium; hereafter DIN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and dissolved silicon (DSi). Water samples for nutrient analysis were collected directly from the tile drains or stream sites using a 60 mL syringe that was rinsed with sample water before collection. We collected separate samples for DIN/SRP and DSi analysis. We filtered all DIN and SRP samples immediately upon collection using glass fiber filters (Whatman GF/F). For DSi, we used cellulose filters (0.45µm pore size; Fisherbrand) to prevent contamination from glass. Samples were transported on ice and frozen until analysis. All nutrient samples were analyzed colorimetrically. Samples were analyzed for SRP using the ascorbic acid method, for nitrate using the cadmium reduction method, for ammonium using the phenol-hypochlorite method, and for DSi using the heteropoly blue method. For all nutrient analyses, we ran a certified standard to compare against our standard curve and calculated a method detection limit. Samples that fell below the method detection limit were excluded from this analysis; in total less than 1% of DIN, ~10% of SRP, and no DSi samples were below detection.

Instrument(s):

Lachat QuikChem flow injection analyzer; Hach Company

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Lienne R Sethna

Organization:

Indiana University

Position:

Graduate researcher

Email Address:

lsethna@iu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-172X

Individual:

Todd V Royer

Organization:

Indiana University

Position:

Professor

Email Address:

troyer@indiana.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-1560

Individual:

Shannon L Speir

Organization:

University of Alabama

Position:

Postdoctoral Researcher

Email Address:

shannon.speir@ua.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-0327

Individual:

Matt T Trentman

Organization:

University of Montana

Position:

Postdoctoral Researcher

Email Address:

matt.trentman@flbs.umt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-8670

Individual:

Ursula H Mahl

Organization:

University of Notre Dame

Position:

Laboratory manager

Email Address:

ursula.h.mahl.1@nd.edu

Individual:

Leah P Hagemeier

Organization:

Indiana University

Position:

Graduate researcher

Email Address:

lpbauman@iu.edu

Individual:

Jennifer L Tank

Organization:

University of Notre Dame

Position:

Professor

Email Address:

jtank@nd.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-9548

Contacts:

Individual:

Lienne R Sethna

Organization:

Indiana University

Email Address:

lsethna@iu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-172X

Individual:

Todd V Royer

Organization:

Indiana University

Email Address:

troyer@indiana.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-1560

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2017-10-01

End:

2020-09-29

Geographic Region:

Description:

Kirkpatrick Ditch Watershed (KDW), contains outlet and sampled tile drains

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	40.76515843161738	Southern:	40.74712759877006
Western:	-87.27594180010506	Eastern:	-87.24307132994149

Sampling Site:

Description:

Shatto Ditch Watershed (SDW) outlet

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-86.045694

Latitude (degree):

41.221639

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Indiana Watershed Initiative

Personnel:

Individual:

Lienne R Sethna

Email Address:

lsethna@iu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-172X

Role:

Graduate Researcher

Abstract:

The Indiana Watershed Initiative Regional Conservation Partnership Program (IWI RCPP) is pairing watershed-scale implementation of winter cover crops and the two-stage ditch in two Indiana watersheds to reduce nutrient loss from fields and improve soil health. These two conservation practices provide a practical solution to nutrient and sediment loss from cropland. Based on preliminary research, a 40-45% reduction in nutrient loss is estimated to be conservatively achievable with winter cover crops paired with the two-stage ditch but this remains to be tested at a true watershed scale. Our goal is adoption of cover crops on 85% of cropland and installation of the two-stage ditch along the majority of channelized ditch draining our demonstration watersheds.

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	This data set is linked to the publication: Sethna et al. (2022) "Silicon concentrations and stoichiometry in two agricultural watersheds: implications for management and downstream water quality" Biogeochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-022-00927-7 No new data will be added to this upload.
Frequency:	notPlanned

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'kilogramPerSquareKilometer'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'kilogramPerSquareKilometer'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Daily dissolved yields in kilograms per square kilometer'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'kilogramsCarbonPerSquareKilometerPerDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'kilogramsCarbonPerSquareKilometerPerDay'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'Index of Freshwater Eutrophication Potential (IFEP) values represent the amount of non-siliceous algal biomass able to proliferate using the excess N or P relative to Si according to the nutrient demands of freshwater diatoms. '
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'emlEditor'
        |     |     |  \___attribute 'app' = 'ezEML'
        |     |     |  \___attribute 'release' = '2022.04.13'
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Silicon concentrations and stoichiometry in two agricultural watersheds: implications for management and downstream water quality

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata

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Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Silicon concentrations and stoichiometry in two agricultural watersheds: implications for management and downstream water quality

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These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

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