Data Package Metadata View Summary

Data for 'The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India'

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

edi.891.1

Title:

Data for 'The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India'

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Shifting cultivation is a widespread land-use in many tropical countries that also harbours significant levels of biodiversity. Increasing frequency of cultivation cycles and expansion into old-growth forests have intensified the impacts of shifting cultivation on biodiversity and carbon sequestration. We assessed how bird diversity responds to shifting cultivation and the potential for co-benefits for both biodiversity and carbon in such landscapes to inform carbon-based payments for ecosystem service (PES) schemes. Location Nagaland, Northeast India Methods We surveyed above-ground carbon stocks and bird communities across various stages of a shifting cultivation system and old-growth forest using composite carbon sampling plots and repeated point counts directly overlaying the carbon plots in both summer and winter. We assessed species diversity using species accumulation and rarefaction curves based on Hill numbers. We fitted a linear mixed-effect model to assess the relationship between species richness and fallow age. We also examined possible co-benefits between carbon and biodiversity from fallow regeneration in terms of relative community similarity to old-growth forest across carbons stocks. Results Farmland and secondary forests regenerating on fallowed land had similar bird species richness to old-growth forests in summer and relatively higher species richness in winter. Within regenerating fallows, we did not find any strong evidence that fallow age influenced bird species richness. Bird community resemblance to old-growth forest increased with secondary forest maturity, correlating also with carbon stocks in summer. However, bird community assemblage did not show a strong association with habitat types and carbon stocks during winter. Main conclusions This study underscores the important role of traditional non-intensive shifting cultivation in providing refuges for biodiversity within heterogeneous habitat mosaics. Effectively managing these landscapes is crucial for both biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration in the subtropics.

Publication Date:

2022-06-08

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2016-01-01

End:

2016-05-31

People and Organizations
Contact:	Borah, Joli (University of Sheffield) [ email ]
Creator:	Borah, Joli (University of Sheffield)
Associate:	Edwards, David (University of Sheffield, Supervisor)
Associate:	Gilroy, James (University of East Anglia, Co-author)
Associate:	Evans, Karl (University of Sheffield, Co-author)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	Borah-et-al_carbon-data
Description:	Carbon stocks data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.
Data Table Name:	Borah-et-al_species-data_summer
Description:	Bird point count survey data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest in summer (April-May) across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.
Data Table Name:	Borah-et-al_species-data_winter
Description:	Bird point count survey data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest in winter (January-February) across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/891/1/4fd1e00c40512fea6fee15648028b771
Name:	Borah-et-al_carbon-data
Description:	Carbon stocks data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.
Number of Records:	108
Number of Columns:	17

Table Structure

Object Name:

Borah-et-al_carbon-data.csv

Size:

15547 byte

Authentication:

d98d93b815d57df9646e86b29177f0d4 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

plotID

square

elevation

habitat_type

plot_age

latitude

longitude

landscape

village

totalcarbon

livingcarbon

deadcarbon

bigtree

smalltree

liana

leaflitter

deadwood

Column Name:

plotID

square

elevation

habitat_type

plot_age

latitude

longitude

landscape

village

totalcarbon

livingcarbon

deadcarbon

bigtree

smalltree

liana

leaflitter

deadwood

Definition:

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

sampling square id

elevation of each plot

farmland, regenerating fallow or old-growth forest

fallow age, i.e. time from last clearing for cropping for each plot in the regenerating fallows

plot latitude

plot longitude

landscape where the sampled plot located

village within landscape where the plot was sampled

Total carbon in each plot measured as livingcarbon + deadcarbon

Leaving carbon in each plot measured as bigtree + smalltree + liana

Dead carbon in each plot measured as leaflitter + deadwood

carbon in trees >5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) within a plot

carbon in trees 1-5 cm DBH within a plot

carbon in lianas at each plot

carbon in leaflitters at each plot

carbon in deadwood at each plot

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

Definition

sampling square id

Unit	meter
Type	integer

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	farmland
Definition	plots currently under cultivation, usually cultivated for one or two years and then left fallow to regenerate
Source

Code Definition

Code	old-growth forest
Definition	old-growth forest that has not been cleared for cultivation
Source

Code Definition

Code	regenerating fallow
Definition	Fallows at various successional stages and part of an active shifting cultivation cycle
Source

Unit	years
Type	real

Unit	decimal degrees
Type	real

Unit	decimal degrees
Type	real

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Kiphire
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Kohima
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Phek
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Dzuleke
Definition	A village in Kohima district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Fakim
Definition	A village in Kiphire district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Thanamir
Definition	A village in Kiphire district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Tsuntang
Definition	A village in Kiphire district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Washelo
Definition	A village in Phek district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Weizeho
Definition	A village in Phek district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Zhipu
Definition	A village in Phek district, Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Unit	Mg / 300 sq m
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	Plot is located either in current farmland or old-growth forest

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/891/1/60748c18a62aacbffaef2ec1bbdfe7ad
Name:	Borah-et-al_species-data_summer
Description:	Bird point count survey data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest in summer (April-May) across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.
Number of Records:	5218
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

Borah-et-al_species-data_summer.csv

Size:

331786 byte

Authentication:

106f915df971cff81234e531b40419db Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

plotID

habitat_type

plot_age

landscape

visit_no

species

detection

count

Column Name:

plotID

habitat_type

plot_age

landscape

visit_no

species

detection

count

Definition:

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

farmland, regenerating fallow or old-growth forest

fallow age, i.e. time from last clearing for cropping for each plot in the regenerating fallows

landscape where the sampled plot located

No of point count visit

bird species name

bird species seen or heard during survey

total number of individuals detected during each visit at each point count

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	farmland
Definition	plots currently under cultivation, usually cultivated for one or two years and then left fallow to regenerate
Source

Code Definition

Code	old-growth forest
Definition	old-growth forest that has not been cleared for cultivation
Source

Code Definition

Code	regenerating fallow
Definition	Fallows at various successional stages and part of an active shifting cultivation cycle
Source

Unit	years
Type	real

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Kiphire
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Kohima
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Phek
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	First survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	Second repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	Third repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	Fourth repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Definition

bird species name

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	heard
Definition	bird species heard during survey
Source

Code Definition

Code	seen
Definition	bird species seen during survey
Source

Unit	individuals
Type	integer

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	plot located in either current farmland or old-growth forest

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/edi/891/1/fc700b0199a317f35fbff18f46f891dc
Name:	Borah-et-al_species-data_winter
Description:	Bird point count survey data from three habitat types, i.e., farmland, regenerating fallows, and old-growth forest in winter (January-February) across three landscapes (Kiphire, Phek and Kohima) in Nagaland, Northeast India.
Number of Records:	1624
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

Borah-et-al_species-data_winter.csv

Size:

103693 byte

Authentication:

4f471af45983ea872fbb729e441046de Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

plotID

habitat_type

plot_age

landscape

visit_no

species

detection

count

Column Name:

plotID

habitat_type

plot_age

landscape

visit_no

species

detection

count

Definition:

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

farmland, regenerating fallow or old-growth forest

fallow age, i.e. time from last clearing for cropping for each plot in the regenerating fallows

landscape where the sampled plot located

No of point count visit

bird species name

bird species seen or heard during survey

total number of individuals detected during each visit at each point count

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

plot id, i.e. sampling square id and carbon plot id pasted together

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	farmland
Definition	plots currently under cultivation, usually cultivated for one or two years and then left fallow to regenerate
Source

Code Definition

Code	old-growth forest
Definition	old-growth forest that has not been cleared for cultivation
Source

Code Definition

Code	regenerating fallow
Definition	Fallows at various successional stages and part of an active shifting cultivation cycle
Source

Unit	years
Type	real

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Kohima
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Code Definition

Code	Phek
Definition	A district in Nagaland, Northeast India
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	First survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	Second repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	Third repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	Fourth repeat survey at a point count station
Source

Definition

bird species name

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	heard
Definition	bird species heard during survey
Source

Code Definition

Code	seen
Definition	bird species seen during survey
Source

Unit	individuals
Type	integer

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	plot located in either current farmland or old-growth forest

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

This data package is released under the Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0 , see

The Data User has an ethical obligation to cite the data source appropriately in any publication or product that results from its use, and notify the data contact or creator. Communication, collaboration, or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the creators of this data package is encouraged to prevent duplicate research or publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplication or inappropriate use. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation may occur if data are used outside of the context of the original study. The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. This data package (with its components) is made available "as is" and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use or misuse of the data package or its components.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	carbon-biodiversity co-benefits, swidden cultivation, Bird diversity, payment for ecosystem services (PES), Nagaland, Northeast India, species accumulation
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	community composition

Methods and Protocols

No methods information available

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Joli Borah

Organization:

University of Sheffield

Email Address:

joliborah@gmail.com

Web Address:

https://jolirumiborah.com/

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-4665

Contacts:

Individual:

Joli Borah

Organization:

University of Sheffield

Email Address:

joliborah@gmail.com

Web Address:

https://jolirumiborah.com/

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-4665

Associated Parties:

Individual:

David Edwards

Organization:

University of Sheffield

Email Address:

david.edwards@sheffield.ac.uk

Role:

Supervisor

Individual:

James Gilroy

Organization:

University of East Anglia

Email Address:

J.Gilroy@uea.ac.uk

Role:

Co-author

Individual:

Karl Evans

Organization:

University of Sheffield

Email Address:

karl.evans@sheffield.ac.uk

Role:

Co-author

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Joli Borah

Email Address:

joliborah@gmail.com

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-4665

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2016-01-01

End:

2016-05-31

Geographic Region:

Description:

Nagaland, Northeast India

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	27.069	Southern:	25.13
Western:	93.263	Eastern:	95.361

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India

Personnel:

Individual:

Joli Borah

Organization:

University of Sheffield

Position:

Lead Investigator

Email Address:

joliborah@gmail.com

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-4665

Role:

PhD student

Funding:

ACCE (Adapting to the Challenges of a Changing Environment) Doctoral Training Partnership)

NSF (LTER) MCR I #OCE-0417412, MCR II #OCE-1026851, and MCR IIb #OCE-1236905

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001

Number:

0417412

Title:

LTER: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0417412

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001

Number:

1026851

Title:

LTER: MCR II - Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1026851

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001

Number:

1236905

Title:

LTER: MCR IIB: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1236905

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'years'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'years'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'decimal degrees'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'decimal degrees'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'Mg / 300 sq m'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'Mg / 300 sq m'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'individuals'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'individuals'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'emlEditor'
        |     |        \___attribute 'app' = 'ezEML'
        |     |        \___attribute 'release' = '2022.06.04'
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Data for 'The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India'

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

No methods information available

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Data for 'The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India'

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

No methods information available

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Additional Metadata

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata