Data Package Metadata View Summary

Composition and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter leached from eroding coastal soils and permafrost in seawater, from Drew Point, Alaska

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

knb-lter-ble.32.3

Title:

Composition and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter leached from eroding coastal soils and permafrost in seawater, from Drew Point, Alaska

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Eroding permafrost coastlines export significant quantities of organic carbon (OC) to the marine environment, similar in magnitude to riverine particulate OC fluxes to the Arctic Ocean. Moreover, erosion rates are predicted to increase due to warming temperatures, declines in sea ice, and increasing waves. While erosion primarily mobilizes organic matter in the particulate form, this material can be leached to dissolved organic matter (DOM). This DOM may be incorporated by microbial communities and fuel marine food webs or decomposed to form greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Many studies show that permafrost-derived organic matter can be rapidly decomposed in soils and freshwater, but few studies examine the fate of permafrost organic matter in seawater. To address this knowledge gap, we designed a laboratory experiment to leach coastal soils and permafrost in seawater and examine the composition and biodegradability of leached DOM. Coastal soil/sediment was cored near Drew Point, Alaska in 2019, representing three horizons found within rapidly eroding permafrost bluffs: seasonally thawed active layer soils, Holocene terrestrial soils and/or lacustrine sediments, and late-Pleistocene relict marine sediments. To measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching yields, we placed soil/sediments in Beaufort Sea seawater for 24 hours before filtering to remove particulates. To measure biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), we conducted an aerobic incubation experiment following the methods suggested by Vonk et al. (2015). Briefly, leachates were incubated at approximately room temperature for 26 and 90 days to measure DOC loss due to remineralization and/or incorporation into microbial biomass. Additionally, we used chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurements and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to examine the initial leachate DOM composition.

References:

Vonk, J. E., Tank, S. E., Mann, P. J., Spencer, R. G. M., Treat, C. C., Striegl, R. G., et al. (2015). Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in permafrost soils and waterways: a meta-analysis. Biogeosciences Discussions, 12(11), 8353-8393. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-8353-2015

Short Name:

bristol_drew_pt_leaching

Publication Date:

2024-04-01

Language:

English

For more information:
Visit:	https://ble.lternet.edu
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

People and Organizations
Contact:	Information Manager (Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER) [ email ]
Creator:	Bristol, Emily M (United States Geological Survey)
Creator:	Behnke, Megan I (Dept. of Natural Sciences, U. of Alaska Southeast)
Creator:	Spencer, Robert G. M. (Florida State University)
Creator:	McKenna, Amy (Florida State University)
Creator:	Jones, Benjamin M (The University of Alaska at Fairbanks)
Creator:	Bull, Diana L (Sandia National Laboratories)
Creator:	McClelland, James W (Marine Biological Laboratory)
Associate:	Mohandas, Induja (The University of Texas at Austin, information manager)
Associate:	Whiteaker, Timothy L (The University of Texas at Austin, information manager)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	Dissolved organic carbon leaching and biodegradability measurements
Description:	Results from soil/permafrost leaching and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon incubation experiment. Includes soil organic carbon content, DOC leaching yields, initial leachate DOC concentrations, and DOC loss measurements.
Data Table Name:	Composition of leachate dissolved organic matter
Description:	Measurements of the composition of dissolved organic matter leached from soils/permafrost in seawater. Includes chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) indicies and summerized ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) data.

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-ble/32/3/1d61dc10b5f48208a2811b0c60b15377
Name:	Dissolved organic carbon leaching and biodegradability measurements
Description:	Results from soil/permafrost leaching and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon incubation experiment. Includes soil organic carbon content, DOC leaching yields, initial leachate DOC concentrations, and DOC loss measurements.
Number of Records:	12
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

BLE_LTER_leaching_yields_and_biodegradability.csv

Size:

1504 byte

Authentication:

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Character Encoding:

UTF-8

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Number of Foot Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Leachate ID

geomorphicTerrainUnit

latitude

longitude

horizon

depth_cm

SOC_percent

leachateDOC_t0_mg_L

leachingYield_mg_DOC_g_SOC

leachingYield_mg_DOC_g_dw

DOCloss_t26_mg_L

DOCloss_t90_mg_L

biodegradableDOC_t26_percent

biodegradableDOC_t90_percent

Column Name:

leachateID

geomorphicTerrainUnit

latitude

longitude

horizon

depth_cm

SOC_percent

leachateDOC_t0_mg_L

leachingYield_mg_DOC_g_SOC

leachingYield_mg_DOC_g_dw

DOCloss_t26_mg_L

DOCloss_t90_mg_L

biodegradableDOC_t26_percent

biodegradableDOC_t90_percent

Definition:

Unique identifier for soil/permafrost leachate

Classification of landscape surface geomorphology

Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)

Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)

Classification of the soil/permafrost horizon sampled

Depth of soil/permafrost sample from the tundra surface

Soil/permafrost organic carbon content

Leachate dissolved organic carbon at t0

DOC leaching yield from soils/sediments in seawater for 24 hours, normalized by soil/sediment organic carbon, reported in mg DOC per gram of SOC

DOC leaching yield from soils/sediments in seawater for 24 hours, normalized by soil/sediment dry weight, reported in mg DOC per gram of soil/permafrost dry weight

Absolute DOC loss throughout a 26 day dark aerobic incubation

Absolute DOC loss throughout a 90 day dark aerobic incubation

Biodegradable DOC, measured as the percent loss of leached DOC after a 26 day dark aerobic incubation

Biodegradable DOC, measured as the percent loss of leached DOC after a 90 day dark aerobic incubation

External Measurement Definition, Link:

containsMeasurementsOfType organic carbon percentage in soil

containsMeasurementsOfType dissolved organic carbon

containsMeasurementsOfType biodegradable dissolved organic carbon

Storage Type:

string

decimal

string

decimal

Measurement Type:

nominal

interval

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

any text

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	primary_surface
Definition	Terrain that has not been reworked by thaw-lake cycles.
Source

Code Definition

Code	young_dtlb
Definition	A young drained thermokarst lake basin where the last drainage occurred in the last 500 years BP.
Source

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-90
Max	90

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-180
Max	180

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Terrestrial Permafrost
Definition	Permafrost composed of Holocene age terrestrial soils and/or lacustrine sediments
Source

Code Definition

Code	Active Layer
Definition	Seasonally thawed, active layer soils
Source

Code Definition

Code	Marine Permafrost
Definition	Permafrost composed of Pleistocene age relict marine sediment. These relict sediements are are present in eroding bluffs above and below modern sea level.
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	milligramPerGram
Type	real

Unit	milligramPerGram
Type	real

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	milligramsPerLiter
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-ble/32/3/d03a36eaac91a9b04af81372a5bb55bc
Name:	Composition of leachate dissolved organic matter
Description:	Measurements of the composition of dissolved organic matter leached from soils/permafrost in seawater. Includes chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) indicies and summerized ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) data.
Number of Records:	12
Number of Columns:	23

Table Structure

Object Name:

BLE_LTER_leachate_DOM_composition.csv

Size:

2167 byte

Authentication:

7644d231b5524cb034457882fd8baca4 Calculated By MD5

Character Encoding:

UTF-8

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Number of Foot Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Leachate ID

geomorphicTerrainUnit

latitude

longitude

horizon

depth_cm

spectralSlope275_295_nm-1

spectralSlopeRatio

SUVA254_L_mg-DOC-1_m-1

number_formulae

mass

NOSC

AImod

sugar_like_percentRA

peptide_like_percentRA

aliphatics_percentRA

highlyUnsaturatedAndPhenolics_percentRA

polyphenolics_percentRA

condensedAromatics_percentRA

CHO_percentRA

CHON_percentRA

CHONS_percentRA

CHOS_percentRA

Column Name:

leachateID

geomorphicTerrainUnit

latitude

longitude

horizon

depth_cm

spectralSlope275_295_nm-1

spectralSlopeRatio

SUVA254_L_mg-DOC-1_m-1

number_formulae

mass

NOSC

AImod

sugar_like_percentRA

peptide_like_percentRA

aliphatics_percentRA

highlyUnsaturatedAndPhenolics_percentRA

polyphenolics_percentRA

condensedAromatics_percentRA

CHO_percentRA

CHON_percentRA

CHONS_percentRA

CHOS_percentRA

Definition:

Unique id for soil/permafrost leachate

Classification of landscape surface geomorphology

Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)

Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)

Classification of the soil/permafrost horizon sampled

Depth of soil/permafrost sample from the tundra surface

Slope of 275-295 nm region of log-transformed CDOM absorption spectra

Ratio of 275-295 nm to 350-400 nm spectral slopes from log-transformed CDOM absorption spectra

Specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm

Number of unique molecular formulae identified with FT-ICR MS

Relative intensity weighted average molecular weight

Relative intensity weighted average nominal oxidation state of carbon

Modified aromaticity index

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as sugar like

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as peptide like

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as aliphatic

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as highly unsaturated and phenolic

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as polyphenolic

Percent relative abundance of formulae classified as condensed aromatic

Percent relative abundance of formulae that did not contain nitrogen or sulfur

Percent relative abundance of formulae that contained nitrogen but no sulfur

Percent relative abundance of formulae that contained nitrogen and sulfur

Percent relative abundance of formulae that contained sulfur but not nitrogen

External Measurement Definition, Link:

containsMeasurementsOfType specific ultraviolet absorbance

containsMeasurementsOfType aromaticity

Storage Type:

string

decimal

string

decimal

Measurement Type:

nominal

interval

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

any text

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	young_dtlb
Definition	A young drained thermokarst lake basin where the last drainage occurred in the last 500 years BP.
Source

Code Definition

Code	primary_surface
Definition	Terrain that has not been reworked by thaw-lake cycles.
Source

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-90
Max	90

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-180
Max	180

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Terrestrial Permafrost
Definition	Permafrost composed of Holocene age terrestrial soils and/or lacustrine sediments
Source

Code Definition

Code	Marine Permafrost
Definition	Permafrost composed of Pleistocene age relict marine sediment. These relict sediements are are present in eroding bluffs above and below modern sea level.
Source

Code Definition

Code	Active Layer
Definition	Seasonally thawed, active layer soils
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real

Unit	inverseNanometer
Type	real

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real

Unit	literPerMilligramPerMeter
Type	real

Unit	number
Type	real

Unit	dalton
Type	real

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Unit	percent
Type	real

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the public domain under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 “No Rights Reserved” (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It may be distributed, remixed, and built upon. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared or utilized in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website of the repository where these data were obtained in the summary metadata page.

Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplication or inappropriate use. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation may occur if data are used outside of the context of the original study. The Data User should be aware that periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This data package (with its components) is made available “as is” and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use or misuse of the data package or its components. Thank you.

External Annotations

With link(s) out to external vocabularies
Dataset isAbout leachate
Dataset isAbout permafrost

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Core Research Areas	movement of organic matter
LTER Controlled Vocabulary v1	decomposition, dissolved organic carbon, erosion, organic matter, permafrost
Geographic Names Information System	Drew Point
BLE LTER Controlled Vocabulary	Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FT-ICR MS, mass spectrometry, soil leaching

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Sample collection

Active layer and permafrost samples were collected from exposed bluffs near Drew Point during August 10-14, 2019. Three active layer (i.e. seasonally thawed) samples, three shallow permafrost samples, and three deeper permafrost samples were sampled from a young (approximately 500 yr BP) drained thermokarst lake basin (Hinkel et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2012). An additional three active layer samples were sampled from primary material that has never been reworked by thaw-lake cycles. Previous work has shown that the upper, organic rich permafrost horizon at Drew Point consists of Holocene terrestrial soils and/or lacustrine sediments, and that the lower mineral permafrost horizon consists of late-Pleistocene relict marine sediment (Bristol et al., 2021).

Samples from the drained lake basin were collected by scraping thawed material from exposed bluff before coring horizontally with a 7.5 cm diameter SIPRE core auger. Due to tall (~6m), steep bluffs at the primary surface site, active layer samples were collected by drilling vertically from the tundra surface to a depth of approximately 35 cm; these cores were subsampled to capture a similar depth range as horizontal cores. The SIPRE core barrel was wiped clean in between samples, and the average depth of the sample was measured from the tundra surface. Core sections were stored in clean Ziplock bags inside coolers packed with ice or frozen permafrost and transported back to the Barrow Arctic Research Center in Utqiagvik, Alaska by helicopter or float plane. Samples were stored in at -20C in a freezer at the Barrow Arctic Research Center until transported frozen back to the University of Texas Marine Science Institute. Seawater used for the experiment was collected from Beaufort Sea surface waters near Kaktovik, AK during August 2018, run through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F (0.7 um) filters, transported frozen to the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, and stored at -20C. The seawater had a salinity of 31.

Dissolved Organic Carbon Leaching

Active layer and permafrost samples were thawed at 4C and gently homogenized. Then, subsamples were taken to measure soil/permafrost organic carbon (OC) content (see "Bulk Geochemical Analyses") and water content. After subsampling, the homogenized soil/sediments were refrozen so that soil/permafrost OC could be quantified before leaching. Slurries were formed by combining thawed soil/permafrost samples with 700 mL GF/F filtered seawater in pre-combusted beakers. We normalized the soil/permafrost OC added to each slurry with a target concentration of 5 g OC L^-1. This was equivalent to ~75-550 g wet soil/sediment L^-1, depending on OC and water content, and resulted in high DOC concentrations. To act as a control, one beaker contained only seawater. The slurries and seawater control were covered and stored in the dark, gently stirring three times throughout the leaching period. After 24 hours, the slurries and seawater control were decanted and vacuum filtered using pre-combusted GF/F filters.

Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

To facilitate comparison with other studies, we generally followed the standardized biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) protocol suggested by Vonk et al. (2015). This lability assay measures DOC loss throughout an incubation, often 28 days at room temperature, in the dark to prevent photochemical reactions or primary production. Initial samples are 0.7 um filtered before the incubation, removing particulate matter but allowing some microbial biomass to pass through. At the end of the incubation period, samples are re-filtered (0.7 um) to remove any bacterial aggregates that may have formed. Therefore, the DOC loss represents DOC that was respired and/or incorporated into microbial biomass.

Immediately after filtering the slurries, each leachate and the seawater control were subsampled for initial chemical analyses (i.e., DOC concentrations, CDOM, FT-ICR MS). Acid washed, pre-leached polycarbonate bottles were used throughout the experiment. Each leachate and the seawater control were incubated in triplicate in the dark on a shaker table in an environmental chamber and sampled at 26 and 90 days. The incubation temperature averaged 19C. Bottles were sealed to prevent evaporation but had a 1:1 solution to headspace ratio and were uncapped and aerated for 10 minutes weekly. After 26 and 90 days, triplicate sets of bottles were re-filtered to remove large microbial biomass aggregates using pre-combused GF/F filters and analyzed for DOC concentrations.

Bulk Geochemical Analyses

Subsamples for soil/sediment TOC (%) analysis were acidified with 10% ultrapure HCl in silver capsules before carbon mass was analyzed with a Thermo Fisher EA-Isolink-CNSOH elemental analyzer. Concentrations of DOC were measured with a Shimadzu TOC-V CSH analyzer. Samples were acidified to a pH of 2 with concentrated HCl (ACS reagent grade; JT Baker) immediately after filtering and DOC concentrations were analyzed within 24 hours.

Subsamples for CDOM were stored at 4C and measured within 24 hours using an Ocean Optics UV-visible light absorbance spectrophotometer. Ultrapure water blanks were run approximately every 5 samples and used to correct sample spectra. Parameters S_275-295 (log-transformed spectral slope between 275 and 295 nm) and S_R (275-295 nm slope:350-400 nm slope) were calculated from CDOM spectra according to Helms et al. (2008). The specific ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA₂₅₄; decadic absorbance at 254 nm normalized by DOC concentration in mg L^-1) was calculated according to Weishaar et al. (2003). All bulk chemical analyses were completed at the University of Texas Marine Science Institute.

Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Leachate DOM samples for FT-ICR MS analyses (t0 only) were solid phase extracted onto reverse phase BondElut PPL cartridges (100 mg; Agilent) following an established protocol (Dittmar et al., 2008). Briefly, leachate subsamples were acidified to a pH of 2 with HCl, passed through pre-conditioned PPL cartridges, rinsed with acidified water, and eluted with 1 mL methanol for a target concentration of 40 ug C mL^-1. ACS reagent grade HCl (JT Baker) and LC/MS grade methanol and water (Fisher Chemical) were used throughout.

Extracts were stored in methanol at -20 degrees C until analysis on a custom-built hybrid linear ion trap 21 T FT-ICR MS at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida (Hendrickson et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2018) using negative electrospray ionization. For each spectrum, 100 time domain acquisitions were co-added. Mass spectra were phase-corrected (Xian et al., 2010) and molecular formulae assigned to peaks that had >6σ root-mean-square baseline noise (Behnke et al., 2021; O'Donnell et al., 2016) with PetroOrg © TM software (Corilo, 2015). Formulae were assigned using elemental constraints of C_1-45H_1-92O_0-35N_0-4S_0-2 and with a mass accuracy less than or equal to 300 ppb (Kellerman et al., 2018). The modified aromaticity index (AI_mod) was calculated from the molecular formulae to measure the degree of aromaticity (Koch & Dittmar, 2006, 2016). Elemental ratios and AI_mod were used to assign the following compound classes to the molecular formulae: polyphenolics (0.5 < AI_mod > 0.66); condensed aromatics (AI_mod > 0.66); highly unsaturated and phenolics (HUPs; AI_mod<=0.5, H/C < 1.5, O/C <= 0.9); aliphatic (1.5 <= H/C <= 2.0, O/C <= 0.9 and N = 0); sugar-like (O/C > 0.9); and peptide-like (1.5 <= H/C <=2.0, and N > 0) (Behnke et al., 2021). Each assigned molecular formula may contain multiple isomers, and compound structure cannot be assessed from FT-ICR MS data. The relative abundance of each formula was calculated by normalizing each peak magnitude to the sum of all peak magnitudes assigned in each sample. The relative contributions (expressed as percentages) of each compound class and elemental composition grouping (e.g., CHO, CHON) were then calculated as the sum of all the relative abundances of all the peaks in each compound class divided by the sum of all the assigned formulae abundances in each sample.

Data Analyses

Results from samples incubated in triplicate were averaged. DOC leaching yields were calculated using the t0 leachate concentrations normalized by both soil/permafrost dry weight and OC content accounting for DOC in the seawater (1.2 mg-C L^-1). Here, we report the absolute loss of DOC as well as the percent loss of DOC (i.e., biodegradable DOC; BDOC) at each timepoint. There was no detectible change in seawater control DOC concentrations throughout the incubation experiment indicating there was no biodegradable DOC in the seawater. Therefore, BDOC reported here is the percent loss ofleached DOC where the leached DOC concentration is equivalent to the measured leachate DOC concentration minus the measured seawater control DOC concertation.

References

Behnke, M. I., McClelland, J. W., Tank, S. E., Kellerman, A. M., Holmes, R. M., Haghipour, N., et al. (2021). Pan-Arctic Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter: Synchronous Molecular Stability, Shifting Sources and Subsidies. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006871

Bristol, E. M., Connolly, C. T., Lorenson, T. D., Richmond, B. M., Ilgen, A. G., Choens, R. C., et al. (2021). Geochemistry of Coastal Permafrost and Erosion-Driven Organic Matter Fluxes to the Beaufort Sea Near Drew Point, Alaska. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 598933. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.598933

Corilo, Y. E. (2015). PetroOrg Software. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL: Omics LLC.

Helms, J. R., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Minor, E. C., Kieber, D. J., & Mopper, K. (2008). Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3), 955-969. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0955

Hendrickson, C. L., Quinn, J. P., Kaiser, N. K., Smith, D. F., Blakney, G. T., Chen, T., et al. (2015). 21 Tesla Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer: A National Resource for Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Analysis. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 26(9), 1626-1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-015-1182-2

Hinkel, K. M., Eisner, W. R., Bockheim, J. G., Nelson, F. E., Peterson, K. M., & Dai, X. (2003). Spatial Extent, Age, and Carbon Stocks in Drained Thaw Lake Basins on the Barrow Peninsula, Alaska. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35(3), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0291:SEAACS]2.0.CO;2

Jones, M. C., Grosse, G., Jones, B. M., & Walter Anthony, K. (2012). Peat accumulation in drained thermokarst lake basins in continuous, ice-rich permafrost, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 117(G2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001766

Kellerman, A. M., Guillemette, F., Podgorski, D. C., Aiken, G. R., Butler, K. D., & Spencer, R. G. M. (2018). Unifying Concepts Linking Dissolved Organic Matter Composition to Persistence in Aquatic Ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(5), 2538-2548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05513

Koch, B. P., & Dittmar, T. (2006). From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 20(5), 926-932. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2386

Koch, B. P., & Dittmar, T. (2016). From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(1), 250-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7433

O'Donnell, J. A., Aiken, G. R., Butler, K. D., Guillemette, F., Podgorski, D. C., & Spencer, R. G. M. (2016). DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(10), 2727-2744. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003431

Smith, D. F., Podgorski, D. C., Rodgers, R. P., Blakney, G. T., & Hendrickson, C. L. (2018). 21 Tesla FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer for Ultrahigh-Resolution Analysis of Complex Organic Mixtures. Analytical Chemistry, 90(3), 2041-2047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04159

Vonk, J. E., Tank, S. E., Mann, P. J., Spencer, R. G. M., Treat, C. C., Striegl, R. G., et al. (2015). Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in permafrost soils and waterways: a meta-analysis. Biogeosciences Discussions, 12(11), 8353-8393. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-8353-2015

Weishaar, J. L., Aiken, G. R., Bergamaschi, B. A., Fram, M. S., Fujii, R., & Mopper, K. (2003). Evaluation of Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance as an Indicator of the Chemical Composition and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Carbon. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20), 4702-4708. https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x

Xian, F., Hendrickson, C. L., Blakney, G. T., Beu, S. C., & Marshall, A. G. (2010). Automated Broadband Phase Correction of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectra. Analytical Chemistry, 82(21), 8807-8812. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101091w

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Emily M Bristol

Organization:

United States Geological Survey

Address:

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center 2885 Mission St,

Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA

Email Address:

ebristol@usgs.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-3771

Individual:

Megan I Behnke

Organization:

Dept. of Natural Sciences, U. of Alaska Southeast

Address:

Juneau, AK USA

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-9078

Individual:

Robert G. M. Spencer

Organization:

Florida State University

Address:

Dept. of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science,

Talahassee, FL USA

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-0748

Individual:

Amy McKenna

Organization:

Florida State University

Address:

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,

Talahassee, FL USA

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7213-521X

Individual:

Benjamin M Jones

Organization:

The University of Alaska at Fairbanks

Address:

Institute of Northern Engineering,

Fairbanks, AK USA

Email Address:

bmjones3@alaska.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711

Individual:

Diana L Bull

Organization:

Sandia National Laboratories

Address:

Albuquerque, NM USA

Email Address:

dlbull@sandia.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-9285

Individual:

James W McClelland

Organization:

Marine Biological Laboratory

Address:

Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street,

Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA

Phone:

508-289-7162

Email Address:

jmcclelland@mbl.edu

Web Address:

https://www.mbl.edu/research/faculty-and-whitman-scientists/James%20McClelland

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-8194

Contacts:

Organization:

Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER

Position:

Information Manager

Address:

MC R8000 The University of Texas at Austin,

Austin, TX 78712 USA

Email Address:

BLE-IM@utexas.edu

Web Address:

https://ble.lternet.edu/

Id:

https://ror.org/055a54548

Associated Parties:

Individual:

Induja Mohandas

Organization:

The University of Texas at Austin

Address:

Austin, TX 78758 USA

Email Address:

induja.mohandas@austin.utexas.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8475-2295

Role:

information manager

Individual:

Timothy L Whiteaker

Organization:

The University of Texas at Austin

Address:

Austin, TX 78758 USA

Email Address:

whiteaker@utexas.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-4158

Role:

information manager

Metadata Providers:

Organization:

Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER

Address:

750 Channel View Dr.,

Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA

Email Address:

BLE-IM@utexas.edu

Web Address:

https://ble.lternet.edu/

Id:

https://ror.org/055a54548

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Geographic Region:

Description:

Bounding box of sampling area, knb-lter-ble.32: Drew Point, North Slope, Alaska, USA.

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	70.886360	Southern:	70.879880
Western:	-153.898520	Eastern:	-153.699830

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Arctic Coastal Erosion: Modeling and Experimentation, Sandia National Laboratories

Personnel:

Organization:

Sandia National Laboratories

Address:

P.O. Box 5800,

Albuquerque, NM 78373 USA

Web Address:

https://sandia.gov/

Id:

https://ror.org/01apwpt12

Role:

Lead organization

Abstract:

Arctic coastal erosion rates are accelerating due to increases in temperature, declines in sea ice extent, and the increasing length of the open-water season. Increasing erosion puts critical infrastructure and native communities at risk. Additionally, erosion mobilizes large quantities of organic-rich permafrost to the ocean where it may be decomposed, producing greenhouse gases. While Arctic coastlines compromise one-third of the global coastline, current models for estimating erosion are unable to adequately explain episodic, storm-driven events. This Arctic coastal erosion modeling project mechanistically coupled oceanographic and atmospheric boundary conditions with a terrestrial permafrost model to capture the thermo, chemical, and mechanical dynamics of erosion.

To aid development of the terrestrial model component and to estimate land-to-ocean fluxes of geochemical constituents, we completed extensive analyses of permafrost cored near Drew Point, Alaska, including geochemical and material properties of these permafrost core samples.

See the project report at https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1670531.

Funding:

This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. Graduate student participation at the University of Texas at Austin (E.B. and C.C.) was supported by an Academic Alliance Partnership plus-up on the LDRD project. J.C. and S.B. were supported by the EMERGE Biology Integration Institute of the National Science Foundation (NSF award 2022070). Additionally, the National Science Foundation provided support for B.J. (OPP-1806213, OISE-1927553) and M.K. (OPP-1820883). USGS personnel were supported by the USGS Coastal Hazards Program and the Alaska Coastal Processes and Hazards Project team. The Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER program (funded by OPP-1656026 and OPP-2322664) also provided travel support for E.B.'s field work, J.M. salary, and provided assistance with data archiving.

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Division of Biological Infrastructure

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/04qn9mx93

Number:

2022070

Title:

BII-Implementation: The EMERGE Institute: Identifying EMergent Ecosystem Responses through Genes-to-Ecosystems Integration

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2022070

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Office of Polar Programs

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/05nwjp114

Number:

2322664

Title:

LTER: Seasonal Controls and Emergent Effects of Changing Land-ice-ocean Interactions on Arctic Coastal Ecosystems (BLE II)

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2322664

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Office of Polar Programs

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/05nwjp114

Number:

1656026

Title:

LTER: Beaufort Sea Lagoons: An Arctic Coastal Ecosystem in Transition

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656026

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Office of Polar Programs

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/05nwjp114

Number:

1806213

Title:

Collaborative Research: Causes and Consequences of Catastrophic Thermokarst Lake Drainage in an Evolving Arctic System

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806213

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Office of Polar Programs

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/05nwjp114

Number:

1820883

Title:

Collaborative Research: The Transition Zone of Upper Permafrost: The Frontline for Permafrost Changes across Climate and Landscape Gradients

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1820883

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation - Office of International Science and Engineering

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/01k638r21

Number:

1927553

Title:

Collaborative Research: AccelNet: Permafrost Coastal Systems Network (PerCS-Net) -- A Circumpolar Alliance for Arctic Coastal Community Information Exchange

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1927553

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	No regular updates scheduled.
Frequency:	notPlanned

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___element 'replicationPolicy' in ns 'http://ns.dataone.org/service/types/v1' ('d1v1:replicationPolicy')
        |     |     |  \___attribute 'numberReplicas' = '1'
        |     |     |  \___attribute 'replicationAllowed' = 'true'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'preferredMemberNode'
        |     |     |     |___text 'urn:node:ARCTIC'
        |     |     |___text '\n         '
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Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'centimeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '0.01'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'centimeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'meter'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'dalton'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'dalton'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'mass'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'unified atomic mass unit'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'degree'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'degree'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'angle'
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        |     |     |        \___attribute 'name' = 'inverseNanometer'
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'L mg-1 m-1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'literPerMilligramPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'literPerMilligramPerMeter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'liters per milligram per meter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'mg g-1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'milligramPerGram'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '.001'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'milligramPerGram'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'kilogramPerKilogram'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'massPerMass'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'milligrams per gram'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'mg_L'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'milligramsPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '0.001'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'milligramsPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'kilogramsPerCubicMeter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'massDensity'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'milligrams / liter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'number'
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Composition and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter leached from eroding coastal soils and permafrost in seawater, from Drew Point, Alaska

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

External Annotations

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Sample collection

Dissolved Organic Carbon Leaching

Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

Bulk Geochemical Analyses

Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Data Analyses

References

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Composition and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter leached from eroding coastal soils and permafrost in seawater, from Drew Point, Alaska

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- External Annotations

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Sample collection

Dissolved Organic Carbon Leaching

Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

Bulk Geochemical Analyses

Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Data Analyses

References

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

External Annotations

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata