Environmental Data Initiative logo
EDI Staging Environment

Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Time series of water column pH from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-ble.9.2
Title:Time series of water column pH from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:
Beginning in August 2018, the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (BLE LTER) program will record water column pH time series (hourly) from a benthic mooring containing a Seabird SeaFET V2 buoyed 10cm from the lagoon seafloor. pH values are logged from the instrument’s internal sensor and reported on the total hydrogen ion scale. Site bottom water is collected and analyzed in the laboratory to employ a single point calibration to the data during post-processing. Another discrete water sample is collected months after instrument deployment to determine uncertainty (0.009).
Short Name:pH
Publication Date:2020
Language:English

Time Period
Begin:
2018-08-08
End:
2019-08-11

People and Organizations
Contact:Information Manager (Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER) [  email ]
Organization:Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER, Core Program
Associate:McTigue, Nathan D (The University of Texas at Austin, data analyst, Core Program manager)
Associate:Bonsell, Christina E (The University of Texas at Austin, data analyst, Core Program manager)
Associate:Dunton, Kenneth (The University of Texas at Austin, field technician)
Associate:Kelley, Amanda (The University of Alaska at Fairbanks, data analyst)
Associate:Nguyen, An T (The University of Texas at Austin, information manager)
Associate:Whiteaker, Timothy L (The University of Texas at Austin, information manager)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
Hourly water pH record
Description:
Continuous 1-hour pH data recorded from SeaFET mooring, BLE LTER Core Program, August 2018-ongoing
Data Table Name:
pH data, personnel list
Description:
Personnel list with years involved in this data set
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-ble/9/2/0be92831cb9e173a828416a954778598
Name:Hourly water pH record
Description:Continuous 1-hour pH data recorded from SeaFET mooring, BLE LTER Core Program, August 2018-ongoing
Number of Records:8831
Number of Columns:14

Table Structure
Object Name:BLE_LTER_pH.csv
Size:1282383 byte
Authentication:6134ba7bf40d1686f67f77d414bdd5a9 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Number of Foot Lines:0
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 StationDate and time collectedpHRaw voltageTemperatureSalinitySensor depthStation nameLatitudeLongitudeHabitat typeStation typeStation lagoonStation node
Column Name:station  
date_time  
pH_tot_insitu  
voltage_int_V  
temperature_C  
salinity  
sensor_depth_m  
station_name  
latitude_degree  
longitude_degree  
habitat  
type  
lagoon  
node  
Definition:BLE LTER Core Program station codeDate time collected in ISO 8601 format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm-hh where "-hh" is the UTC offset. Instrument was deployed during the summer hence -08 offset. Switch between daylight time savings and standard time is not observed by instrument.pH value expressed as units of the total hydrogen ion scale, sometimes referred to as pHT. Value has undergone single-point laboratory calibration and is derived from sensor voltage, not the instrument pH readingraw voltage reading from SeaFET internal sensor Temperature of water at the sensor at time of measurementSalinity of water parcel measured for pH; salinity values taken from CTD data within BLE dataset knb-lter-ble.3 (title: Physiochemical water column parameters and hydrographic time series from river, lagoon, and open ocean sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing) Depth of sensor below sea surface BLE LTER's Core Program station nameLatitude in decimal degrees. Note that due to field conditions, sampling is not always carried out at these exact coordinates, but in close vicinity of the station.Longitude in decimal degrees. Note that due to field conditions, sampling is not always carried out at these exact coordinates, but in close vicinity of the station.Habitat type (river, lagoon, ocean)BLE LTER Core Program station typeLagoon where BLE LTER Core Program station is locatedOne of three research nodes in BLE LTER's research program
External Measurement Definition, Link: containsMeasurementsOfType Water pH containsMeasurementsOfType Water Temperature containsMeasurementsOfType water salinity containsMeasurementsOfType water depth
Storage Type:string  
date  
decimal  
decimal  
decimal  
decimal  
decimal  
string  
decimal  
decimal  
string  
string  
string  
string  
Measurement Type:nominaldateTimeintervalratiointervalratiorationominalintervalintervalnominalnominalnominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionany text
FormatYYYY-MM-DDThh:mm-hh
Precision1
Unitdimensionless
Precision0.004
Typereal
Min0 
Max14 
Unitvolt
Typereal
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitmeter
Typereal
Definitionany text
Unitdegree
Typereal
Min-90 
Max90 
Unitdegree
Typereal
Min-180 
Max180 
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codeocean
DefinitionOcean
Source
Code Definition
Codelagoon
DefinitionLagoon
Source
Code Definition
Coderiver
DefinitionFreshwater river
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codeprimary
DefinitionLagoon site is primarily sampled during field sampling.
Source
Code Definition
Codesecondary
DefinitionLagoon site is secondarily sampled during field sampling.
Source
Code Definition
Coderiver
DefinitionSite is river type
Source
Code Definition
Codeocean
DefinitionSite is nearshore ocean type
Source
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
Missing Value Code:                        
Codenot applicable
ExplNot applicable
  
Accuracy Report:                            
Accuracy Assessment:                            
Coverage:                            
Methods:                            

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-ble/9/2/d1df0919cbe38437a09483da42e0131a
Name:pH data, personnel list
Description:Personnel list with years involved in this data set
Number of Records:6
Number of Columns:8

Table Structure
Object Name:BLE_LTER_pH_personnel.csv
Size:781 byte
Authentication:c7fe43beb43a3ecd638e7a46bbf37b88 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Number of Foot Lines:0
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 Data package IDGiven nameMiddle nameSurnameRoleBegin yearEnd yearORCID
Column Name:datasetid  
givenname  
middlename  
surname  
role  
beginyear  
endyear  
orcid  
Definition:BLE LTER's data package IDGiven nameMiddle name or middle initialSurname or last nameRole in datasetBeginning year of role in datasetEnd year of role in datasetORCID
Storage Type:string  
string  
string  
string  
string  
dateTime  
dateTime  
string  
Measurement Type:nominalnominalnominalnominalnominaldateTimedateTimenominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
FormatYYYY
Precision1
FormatYYYY
Precision1
Definitionany text
Missing Value Code:                
Accuracy Report:                
Accuracy Assessment:                
Coverage:                
Methods:                

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the “public domain” under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 “No Rights Reserved” (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). It is considered professional etiquette to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared or utilized in whole or by individual components. A generic citation is provided for this data package on the website of the repository where these data were obtained in the summary metadata page.

Communication (and collaboration) with the creators of this data package is recommended to prevent duplicate research or publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplication or inappropriate use. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation may occur if data are used outside of the context of the original study. The Data User should be aware that periodic updates of this data package may be available from the website and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This data package (with its components) is made available “as is” and with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creators of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use or misuse of the data package or its components. Thank you.

External Annotations

With link(s) out to external vocabularies
Dataset isAbout lagoon
Dataset isAbout Water pH

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Core Research Areasprimary production
LTER Controlled Vocabulary v1aquatic ecosystems, estuaries, moorings, oceans, pH, water chemistry, water column
Geographic Names Information SystemKaktovik Lagoon
BLE LTER Controlled VocabularyBeaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER, BLE, BLE LTER Core Program, LTER

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Mooring deployment

A Seabird SeaFET V2 is among the instrumentation included in the benthic mooring array for the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (BLE LTER) project. The SeaFET is buoyed from a benthic mooring so that the sensor is at 10 cm above the lagoon seafloor. Data were collected hourly. Approximately two weeks after instrument deployment and subsequent sensor conditioning, 500 mL of site bottom water was collected within the minute of instrument measurement for laboratory determination via spectrophotometry of pH (Clayton and Byrne 1993) to apply a single point calibration following the methods of Martz et al. (2010). During site occupation months later, another sample of site bottom water was collected to estimate uncertainty by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the laboratory-calculated in situ pH of the discrete water sample and the reported pH value from the calibrated SeaFET. Discrete water samples were stored in borosilicate amber bottles spiked with saturated mercuric chloride to halt microbial activity and kept at ~4 °C until analysis (Dickson et al. 2007).

Data calculation and validation

pH values are reported on the total hydrogen ion scale (pHT or pH_tot) Values are derived from the instrument’s raw voltage reading on the internal sensor using the following equation:

pHT = (Vint - CalOffset - CalSlope * T) / S

where:

Vint = voltage of internal sensor

CalOffset = the calibration internal offset coefficient set by manufacturer

CalSlope = the calibration internal slope coefficient set by manufacturer

S = Nersnt slope

The Nernst slope is defined as R * T * ln(10)) / F where

T = Temperature of sample water in Kelvin, determined by the internal sensor on the SeaFET

R = Universal Gas Constant, 8.31451 J mol-1 K-1

F = Faraday Constant, 96487 C mol-1

Note that CalOffset and CalSlope will differ every time the instrument is calibrated by the manufacturer. CalOffset was determined using the following equation:

CalOffset = -[pHemp * S - Vint + (CalSlope * T)]

where:

pHemp = empirical value for pH determined in laboratory with spectrophotometer

CalSlope is determined by Martz et al. (2010) as dCalOffset/dT and applies a temperature correction for all SeaFETs assuming a 100% Nernstian response (Miller et al. 2018).

Total alkalinity (AT) is measured in duplicate with an open-cell titration of hydrochloric acid using a Metrohm Titrino 848 (Dickson et al. 2007; SOP 3b). Spectrophotometric measurements of pH are made in triplicate using a Shimadzu 1800 fitted to maintain cuvette temperature at 25°C. The spectrophotometric method employs a colorimetric methodology with m-cresol purple, following SOP 6b from Dickson et al. (2007). An impurity correction factor of the m-cresol reagent was used to adjust the final measured pH value (Douglas and Byrne 2017). A YSI 3100 Conductivity meter is used to measure salinity of each discrete seawater sample. Certified Reference Material of seawater (CRM) is used to determine the AT uncertainty. In situ temperature of each discrete seawater sample is measured during time of collection. To estimate uncertainty, the calibrated SeaFET-measured value of pH is compared to the laboratory-measured value of pH of discrete water sample. However, since pH in the laboratory is measured at 25°C, it must be “back-corrected” to in situ temperature to make the comparison. The calculation used AT, empirical pH25°C, in situ temperature, and in situ salinity using CO2Calc (Robbins et al. 2010) with CO2 constants from Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987).

2018-2019 season: Uncertainty for this dataset was determined as 0.009 units. The manufacturer reports an expected stability of the sensor to be 0.005 units.

References

Clayton, T.D., Byrne, R.H., 1993. Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results. Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 40, 2115–2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(93)90048-8.

Dickson, Andrew Gilmore, Christopher L. Sabine, and James Robert Christian. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. North Pacific Marine Science Organization, 2007.

Dickson, A. G., & Millero, F. J. (1987). A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 34(10), 1733-1743.

Martz, T. R., Connery, J. G., & Johnson, K. S. (2010). Testing the Honeywell Durafet® for seawater pH applications. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 8(5), 172-184.

Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C. H., Hawley, J. E., & Pytkowicx, R. M. (1973). Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure 1. Limnology and Oceanography, 18(6), 897-907.

Miller, C. A., Pocock, K., Evans, W., & Kelley, A. L. (2018). An evaluation of the performance of Sea-Bird Scientific’s SeaFETTM autonomous pH sensor: considerations for the broader oceanographic community. Ocean Science, 14(4), 751–768. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-751-2018

Robbins, L.L., Hansen, M.E., Kleypas, J.A., and Meylan, S.C., 2010, CO2calc—A user-friendly seawater carbon calculator for Windows, Max OS X, and iOS (iPhone): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1280, 17 p.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA
Email Address:
BLE-IM@utexas.edu
Web Address:
https://ble.lternet.edu/
Creators:
Organization:Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER, Core Program
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA
Email Address:
BLE-IM@utexas.edu
Web Address:
https://ble.lternet.edu/
Contacts:
Organization:Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER
Position:Information Manager
Address:
MC R8000 The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, TX 78712 USA
Email Address:
BLE-IM@utexas.edu
Web Address:
https://ble.lternet.edu/
Associated Parties:
Individual: Nathan D McTigue
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78383 USA
Email Address:
mctigue@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-7095
Role:data analyst, Core Program manager
Individual: Christina E Bonsell
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78383 USA
Email Address:
cbonsell@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-0618
Role:data analyst, Core Program manager
Individual: Kenneth Dunton
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78383 USA
Email Address:
ken.dunton@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-8021
Role:field technician
Individual: Amanda Kelley
Organization:The University of Alaska at Fairbanks
Address:
1764 Tanana Loop, Suite #402 College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences,
Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
Phone:
907-474-2474
Email Address:
alkelley@alaska.edu
Web Address:
https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/people/faculty/detail/index.xml?id=440
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-722X
Role:data analyst
Individual: An T Nguyen
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Email Address:
enthusiast@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-0173
Role:information manager
Individual: Timothy L Whiteaker
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Address:
Austin, TX 78783 USA
Phone:
915-747-6887
Email Address:
whiteaker@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-4158
Role:information manager
Metadata Providers:
Organization:Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER
Address:
750 Channel View Dr.,
Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA
Email Address:
BLE-IM@utexas.edu
Web Address:
https://ble.lternet.edu/

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2018-08-08
End:
2019-08-11
Sampling Site: 
Description:Kaktovik Lagoon Deep Station 2: Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -143.570900Latitude (degree): 70.100933

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:LTER: Beaufort Sea Lagoons: An Arctic Coastal Ecosystem in Transition
Personnel:
Individual: Kenneth Dunton
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Insitute
Phone:
361-749-6744 (voice)
Email Address:
ken.dunton@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-8021
Role:Lead Principal Investigator
Individual: James McClelland
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Insitute
Phone:
361-749-6756 (voice)
Email Address:
jimm@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-8194
Role:Co-Lead Principal Investigator
Individual: Byron Crump
Organization:Oregon State University
Email Address:
bcrump@coas.oregonstate.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-1273
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Amber Hardison
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Insitute
Email Address:
amber.hardison@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-3731
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Katrin Iken
Organization:University of Alaska Fairbanks
Email Address:
kbiken@alaska.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-1012
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Jeremy Kasper
Organization:University of Alaska Fairbanks
Email Address:
jlkasper@alaska.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-6114
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Vanessa Lougheed
Organization:The University of Texas at El Paso
Email Address:
vlougheed@utep.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6091-1151
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Andrew Mahoney
Organization:University of Alaska Fairbanks
Email Address:
armahoney@alaska.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8699-3175
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Bailey McMeans
Organization:University of Toronto Missisauga
Email Address:
bailey.mcmeans@utoronto.ca
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-6811
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Michael Rawlins
Organization:University of Massachusetts Amherst
Email Address:
rawlins@geo.umass.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-8256
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Yvette Spitz
Organization:Oregon State University
Email Address:
yspitz@coas.oregonstate.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-4900
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Craig Tweedie
Organization:The University of Texas at El Paso
Email Address:
ctweedie@utep.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3409-8881
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Christina Bonsell
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Email Address:
cbonsell@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-0618
Role:Project Manager
Individual: Nathan McTigue
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Email Address:
mctigue@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-7095
Role:Project Manager
Individual: Timothy Whiteaker
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Email Address:
whiteaker@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-4158
Role:Information Manager
Individual: An T. Nguyen
Organization:The University of Texas at Austin
Email Address:
enthusiast@utexas.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-0173
Role:Information Manager
Abstract:

This project established a new Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site along the Alaskan Arctic coastline. Research based out of Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Deadhorse, and Kaktovik will address how changes in shoreline erosion and freshwater inflows to the coastal ocean over seasonal, annual, and longer timeframes influence near-shore food webs. Research will be conducted in collaboration with local stakeholder groups and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This research will advance our fundamental understanding of how input of materials from land and oceanographic conditions interact to influence coastal food webs. It will also allow us to track and understand: 1) how natural climate cycles influence coastal ecosystems in the Arctic, and 2) how climate change effects such as permafrost thaw, shifting precipitation regimes, and losses of sea ice alter coastal ecosystems. Near-shore food webs along the Alaskan Arctic coastline support large populations of migratory fish and waterfowl that are essential to the culture of Iñupiat communities of northern Alaska. The research at this LTER site will create a framework for anticipating the impacts of future changes on the coastal ecosystem that are of great concern to these communities. Results from this LTER program will also be of interest to a broader science community that is working to understand potential connections between Arctic change and global carbon cycling. Finally, this LTER project includes a strong commitment to education through graduate and undergraduate student involvement, post-doctoral mentoring, continuation of a very successful Summer Science K-12 Program in Kaktovik, and establishment of a parallel K-12 program in Utqiagvik. In addition, this project will employ native high school seniors or recently graduated students living in Utqiagvik and Kaktovik as field research assistants.

Recent studies suggest that the ecological framework for understanding what controls food web structure needs to be expanded to include temporal forcing. More specifically, there is mounting evidence that differential availability of seasonally-distinct resources is critical for defining trophic linkages and maintaining stability and resilience of food webs. This new LTER program will use lagoons along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast as experimental units to test this concept, and broaden it to include temporal variations over longer timeframes. The Beaufort lagoons are ideal for testing this concept because they experience extreme variability in seasonal cycles, which are now subject to rapid directional shifts driven by climate change. Our overarching question is: How do variations in terrestrial inputs, local production, and exchange between lagoon and ocean waters over seasonal, inter-annual, inter-decadal, and longer timeframes interact to control food web structure through effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling, microbial and metazoan community composition, and trophic linkages? Arctic lagoons provide a unique opportunity to study these interactions in the absence of fringing wetlands that often modulate land-ocean interactions in other lagoon systems. In addition, barrier island geomorphology, which exerts a strong control on water exchange between lagoons and the open ocean, is highly dynamic in the Arctic because sea-ice effects on coastal geomorphology are superimposed on the effects of currents, sea level, and waves. Thus, connections between inputs from land and lagoon ecosystems are more direct, and water exchanges between lagoons and the open ocean are more variable than is typical of lower latitude systems. Specific study sites will be located in Elson Lagoon (western Beaufort), Simpson Lagoon and Stefansson Sound (central Beaufort), and Kaktovik and Jago lagoons (eastern Beaufort). The LTER will include seasonal field work during ice covered, ice break-up, and open water periods and also include sensor deployments for continuous measurements of key biogeochemical and hydrographic parameters.

Funding:

BLE LTER is supported by the National Science Foundation under award #1656026 (2017-08-01 to 2022-07-31).

Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Funder ID:http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Number:1656026
Title:LTER: Beaufort Sea Lagoons: An Arctic Coastal Ecosystem in Transition
URL:https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656026

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:Dataset will be updated every year after the summer sampling season.
Frequency:annually
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'C'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'constantToSI' = '273.18'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'celsius'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'celsius'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'kelvin'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'SI-derived unit of temperature'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'degree'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'degree'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '0.0174532924'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'degree'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'radian'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'angle'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text '360 degrees comprise a unit circle.'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'a designation asserting the absence of an associated unit'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'm'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'meter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'meter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'length'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'SI unit of length'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'abbreviation' = 'V'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'volt'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'volt'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'potentialDifference'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'volt'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

UNM logo UW-M logo