Data Package Metadata View Summary

Flashiness of urban and desert streams in semi-arid Arizona watersheds (2003-2016)

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	knb-lter-cap.663.1
Title:	Flashiness of urban and desert streams in semi-arid Arizona watersheds (2003-2016)
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	The general consensus that urbanization results in dramatic changes in stream hydrology, such as higher peak flows and greater flashiness, has not been definitively tested for aridlands, which are themselves characterized by these very same hydrograph properties. This study analyzed streamflow records from 33 watersheds of central and southern Arizona, USA to determine how hydrograph characteristics varied across a range of development. Relationships of hydrologic parameters to urbanization were not evident when all catchments were considered. However, when only catchments small enough (<100 km2; n=16) to escape damming or diversion were considered, flashiness index and coefficient of variation of daily flow both decreased with increased extent of development. Examining flow data at sub-daily temporal resolution indicated that the magnitude of hydrograph rise and fall rates decreased with development. This relationship is opposite that found for many streams in more humid regions. Evidence suggests that engineered retention basins are one driver behind this observation. As in humid systems, there were more high-flow events in the urban desert streams compared to non-urban streams. However, this was linked to the high quantity of zero-flow days in desert systems where urban streams had more days with measurable flow. This may be due to novel urban sources of baseflow, such as irrigation overflow. Results of the study suggest that the urban stream syndrome manifests differently in aridland systems where urbanization appears to increase water retention and lead to less variable flows in stream ecosystems. The data presented here include characteristics of the study catchments, and metrics of flashiness derived from hydrographs of these systems during the study period (2003-2016).
Publication Date:	2019-04-17

Time Period

Begin:

2013-10-01

End:

2015-09-30

People and Organizations
Contact:	Data Manager (Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University) [ email ]
Creator:	McPhillips, Lauren (The Pennsylvania State University)
Creator:	Hale, Rebecca (Idaho State University)
Creator:	Earl, Stevan (Arizona State University)
Creator:	Grimm, Nancy (Arizona State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	663_daily_flashiness_5d7344b3dc4ee6d2d71451186413a3a6.csv
Description:	hydrologic metrics related to flow magnitude or flashiness calculated from daily flow data for thirty-three watersheds in central and southern Arizona
Data Table Name:	663_discharge_66359166938c93de4c303b79a7c1934f.csv
Description:	raw dischage data for watersheds; data for most watersheds extends beyond the 2003-2016 period of record analyzed
Data Table Name:	663_instantaneous_flashiness_4ed8a7e5b9fc97b284c30fc780716d83.csv
Description:	hydrologic metrics related to flow magnitude or flashiness calculated from instantaneous measurements of discharge for thirty-one ephemeral watersheds in central and southern Arizona
Data Table Name:	663_stream_gages_d51249446c0392ded89154aa02bf8f41.csv
Description:	name and source of stream gages, and select watershed characteristics

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/663/1/eebade7022cacec9f246f927963c8421
Name:	663_daily_flashiness_5d7344b3dc4ee6d2d71451186413a3a6.csv
Description:	hydrologic metrics related to flow magnitude or flashiness calculated from daily flow data for thirty-three watersheds in central and southern Arizona
Number of Records:	33
Number of Columns:	13

Table Structure

Object Name:

663_daily_flashiness_5d7344b3dc4ee6d2d71451186413a3a6.csv

Size:

4698 bytes

Authentication:

5d7344b3dc4ee6d2d71451186413a3a6 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

ZFD

RBFlashDaily

CV_cms

CV_nozero_cms

RiseRate_mmhrd

FallRate_mmhrd

POT95per

POT99per

Exceed99per

POTcum99per

Exceed95per

POTcum95per

Definition:

Abbreviation of full basin name

Number of days per year with no measurable flow

Richards-Baker flashiness index

Average rate of increase in flow for rising limb of storm hydrograph, in mm per hour per day

Average rate of decrease in flow for rising limb of storm hydrograph, in mm per hour per day

Number of times that flow exceeds the 95th percentile threshold (as determined from normalized flow data from all basins)

Number of times that flow exceeds the 99th percentile threshold (as determined from normalized flow data from all basins)

Exceedance of 99th percentile flow, in cubic meters per second per square kilometer

Number of consecutive days in exceedance of 99th percentile flow threshold

Exceedance of 95th percentile flow, in cubic meters per second per square kilometer

Number of consecutive days in exceedance of 95th percentile flow threshold

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	AGC
Definition	Agua Caliente Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	ALA
Definition	Alamo Wash at Glenn St
Source

Code Definition

Code	BER
Definition	Berneil Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAC
Definition	Cave Creek @ Cactus Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAV
Definition	Cave Creek blw Cottonwood Dr
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAW
Definition	Casandro Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CIE
Definition	Cienega
Source

Code Definition

Code	DAV
Definition	Davidson Canyon Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	DEL
Definition	Delaney Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	EFC
Definition	East Fork Cave Cr near 7th Ave
Source

Code Definition

Code	EST
Definition	Estrella Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	FLE
Definition	Flying E Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAR
Definition	Hartman Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAS
Definition	Hassayampa R near Morristown
Source

Code Definition

Code	IBW
Definition	Indian Bend Wash at Curry Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	JAC
Definition	Jackrabbit Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	POW
Definition	Powder House Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	QCR
Definition	Queen Creek at Rittenhouse Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAW
Definition	Rawhide Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	REA
Definition	Reata Pass Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	RIC
Definition	Rillito Cholla
Source

Code Definition

Code	SAU
Definition	Sauceda Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SCA
Definition	Scatter Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SKN
Definition	Skunk Creek near Phoenix
Source

Code Definition

Code	SMF
Definition	South Mountain Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	SOL
Definition	Sols Wash near Matthie
Source

Code Definition

Code	STA
Definition	Stagecoach Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SYC
Definition	Sycamore Creek near Ft McDowell
Source

Code Definition

Code	TAV
Definition	Tanque Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	TBI
Definition	Tatum Basin Inflow
Source

Code Definition

Code	TIG
Definition	Tiger Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEK
Definition	Vekol Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEN
Definition	Ventana Canyon Wash
Source

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	2.066666667
Max	364.5

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.68233085
Max	1.960118804

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0.114163436
Max	0.485871985

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0.032734275
Max	0.230612399

Unit	millimeterPerHourPerDay
Type	real
Min	3.88E-05
Max	13.0259384

Unit	millimeterPerHourPerDay
Type	real
Min	-12.00363386
Max	-4.5E-05

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0.785714286
Max	130.2666667

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0
Max	21.14285714

Unit	meterCubedPerSecondPerKilometerSquared
Type	real
Min	0.004812811
Max	0.56896771

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0.75
Max	2.853030303

Unit	meterCubedPerSecondPerKilometerSquared
Type	real
Min	0.000730564
Max	0.307601166

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0.916666667
Max	27.56259259

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/663/1/4e606ca3953c0a01ef2d5e89bd3173ec
Name:	663_discharge_66359166938c93de4c303b79a7c1934f.csv
Description:	raw dischage data for watersheds; data for most watersheds extends beyond the 2003-2016 period of record analyzed
Number of Records:	4490024
Number of Columns:	3

Table Structure

Object Name:

663_discharge_66359166938c93de4c303b79a7c1934f.csv

Size:

128751682 bytes

Authentication:

66359166938c93de4c303b79a7c1934f Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

site

DateTime

Qcfs

Definition:

Abbreviation of full basin name

Date and time of stage height/discharge reading (rounded to the nearest minute)

Discharge

Storage Type:

string

date

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

dateTime

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	AGC
Definition	Agua Caliente Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	ALA
Definition	Alamo Wash at Glenn St
Source

Code Definition

Code	BER
Definition	Berneil Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAC
Definition	Cave Creek @ Cactus Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAV
Definition	Cave Creek blw Cottonwood Dr
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAW
Definition	Casandro Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CIE
Definition	Cienega
Source

Code Definition

Code	DAV
Definition	Davidson Canyon Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	DEL
Definition	Delaney Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	EFC
Definition	East Fork Cave Cr near 7th Ave
Source

Code Definition

Code	EST
Definition	Estrella Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	FLE
Definition	Flying E Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAR
Definition	Hartman Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAS
Definition	Hassayampa R near Morristown
Source

Code Definition

Code	IBW
Definition	Indian Bend Wash at Curry Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	JAC
Definition	Jackrabbit Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	POW
Definition	Powder House Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	QCR
Definition	Queen Creek at Rittenhouse Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAW
Definition	Rawhide Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	REA
Definition	Reata Pass Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	RIC
Definition	Rillito Cholla
Source

Code Definition

Code	SAU
Definition	Sauceda Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SCA
Definition	Scatter Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SKN
Definition	Skunk Creek near Phoenix
Source

Code Definition

Code	SMF
Definition	South Mountain Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	SOL
Definition	Sols Wash near Matthie
Source

Code Definition

Code	STA
Definition	Stagecoach Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SYC
Definition	Sycamore Creek near Ft McDowell
Source

Code Definition

Code	TAV
Definition	Tanque Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	TBI
Definition	Tatum Basin Inflow
Source

Code Definition

Code	TIG
Definition	Tiger Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEK
Definition	Vekol Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEN
Definition	Ventana Canyon Wash
Source

Format	YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm
Precision

Unit	cubicFeetPerSecond
Type	real
Min	-0.48
Max	39000

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/663/1/e7cfd989f3fb65e4c61909a7c706067c
Name:	663_instantaneous_flashiness_4ed8a7e5b9fc97b284c30fc780716d83.csv
Description:	hydrologic metrics related to flow magnitude or flashiness calculated from instantaneous measurements of discharge for thirty-one ephemeral watersheds in central and southern Arizona
Number of Records:	31
Number of Columns:	8

Table Structure

Object Name:

663_instantaneous_flashiness_4ed8a7e5b9fc97b284c30fc780716d83.csv

Size:

2082 bytes

Authentication:

4ed8a7e5b9fc97b284c30fc780716d83 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

RBFlashInst

CV_cms

POT9999per_inst

POT999per_inst

POT99per_inst

RiseRate_mmhrd

FallRate_mmhrd

Definition:

Abbreviation of full basin name (see gage data for more characteristics)

Richards-Baker flashiness index

Coefficient of variation, in cubic meters per second

Number of times that flow exceeds the 99.99th percentile threshold (as determined from normalized flow data from all basins; min interval between POT= 6 hours)

Number of times that flow exceeds the 99.9th percentile threshold (as determined from normalized flow data from all basins; min interval between POT= 6 hours)

Number of times that flow exceeds the 99th percentile threshold (as determined from normalized flow data from all basins; min interval between POT= 6 hours)

Rate of increase in flow for rising limb of storm hydrograph, in mm per hour per day

Rate of decrease in flow for rising limb of storm hydrograph, in mm per hour per day

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	AGC
Definition	Agua Caliente Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	ALA
Definition	Alamo Wash at Glenn St
Source

Code Definition

Code	BER
Definition	Berneil Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAC
Definition	Cave Creek @ Cactus Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAV
Definition	Cave Creek blw Cottonwood Dr
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAW
Definition	Casandro Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	DAV
Definition	Davidson Canyon Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	DEL
Definition	Delaney Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	EFC
Definition	East Fork Cave Cr near 7th Ave
Source

Code Definition

Code	EST
Definition	Estrella Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	FLE
Definition	Flying E Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAR
Definition	Hartman Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	IBW
Definition	Indian Bend Wash at Curry Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	JAC
Definition	Jackrabbit Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	POW
Definition	Powder House Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	QCR
Definition	Queen Creek at Rittenhouse Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAW
Definition	Rawhide Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	REA
Definition	Reata Pass Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	RIC
Definition	Rillito Cholla
Source

Code Definition

Code	SAU
Definition	Sauceda Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SCA
Definition	Scatter Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SKN
Definition	Skunk Creek near Phoenix
Source

Code Definition

Code	SMF
Definition	South Mountain Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	SOL
Definition	Sols Wash near Matthie
Source

Code Definition

Code	STA
Definition	Stagecoach Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SYC
Definition	Sycamore Creek near Ft McDowell
Source

Code Definition

Code	TAV
Definition	Tanque Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	TBI
Definition	Tatum Basin Inflow
Source

Code Definition

Code	TIG
Definition	Tiger Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEK
Definition	Vekol Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEN
Definition	Ventana Canyon Wash
Source

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.038767274
Max	0.628172554

Unit	cubicMetersPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0.25792242
Max	2.037706759

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0
Max	3.5

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0
Max	24

Unit	number
Type	real
Min	0
Max	38.5

Unit	millimeterPerHourPerDay
Type	real
Min	0.078814194
Max	6195.496989

Unit	millimeterPerHourPerDay
Type	real
Min	-4564.305961
Max	-0.105982665

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/663/1/8041ca2dfe3c20f59eeaafaaecfd12f5
Name:	663_stream_gages_d51249446c0392ded89154aa02bf8f41.csv
Description:	name and source of stream gages, and select watershed characteristics
Number of Records:	33
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

663_stream_gages_d51249446c0392ded89154aa02bf8f41.csv

Size:

3090 bytes

Authentication:

d51249446c0392ded89154aa02bf8f41 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

Site

SiteName

GageNum

DataSource

BasinSizeSqMi

MeanQ_cfs

MedianQ_cfs

SlopeAvg

ElevAvg_ft

MAP_in

PerDev2011

PerImperv2011

SCMcount

SCMarea_km2

Definition:

Abbreviation of full basin name

Name of stream gage from which data was obtained

Identification number associated with stream gage, according to operating agency

Agency which operates stream gage, where FCDMC= Flood Control District of Maricopa County, FCDPC= Flood Control District of Pima County, and USGS= US Geological Survey

Size of basin draining to stream gage, expressed in square miles

Mean daily discharge (cubic feet per second) over 2002 to 2016 water years

Median daily discharge (cubic feet per second) over 2002 to 2016 water years

Average slope of basin

Average elevation of basin, in feet

Mean annual precipitation in basin, in inches

Percent development in basin, based on 2011 National Land Cover Dataset

Percent impervious cover in basin, based on 2011 National Land Cover Dataset

Number of stormwater control measures (SCMs) in the basin

Surface area, in square kilometers, of stormwater control measures (SCMs) in the basin

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	AGC
Definition	Agua Caliente Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	ALA
Definition	Alamo Wash at Glenn St
Source

Code Definition

Code	BER
Definition	Berneil Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAC
Definition	Cave Creek @ Cactus Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAV
Definition	Cave Creek blw Cottonwood Dr
Source

Code Definition

Code	CAW
Definition	Casandro Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	CIE
Definition	Cienega
Source

Code Definition

Code	DAV
Definition	Davidson Canyon Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	DEL
Definition	Delaney Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	EFC
Definition	East Fork Cave Cr near 7th Ave
Source

Code Definition

Code	EST
Definition	Estrella Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	FLE
Definition	Flying E Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAR
Definition	Hartman Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	HAS
Definition	Hassayampa R near Morristown
Source

Code Definition

Code	IBW
Definition	Indian Bend Wash at Curry Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	JAC
Definition	Jackrabbit Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	POW
Definition	Powder House Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	QCR
Definition	Queen Creek at Rittenhouse Rd
Source

Code Definition

Code	RAW
Definition	Rawhide Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	REA
Definition	Reata Pass Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	RIC
Definition	Rillito Cholla
Source

Code Definition

Code	SAU
Definition	Sauceda Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SCA
Definition	Scatter Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SKN
Definition	Skunk Creek near Phoenix
Source

Code Definition

Code	SMF
Definition	South Mountain Fan
Source

Code Definition

Code	SOL
Definition	Sols Wash near Matthie
Source

Code Definition

Code	STA
Definition	Stagecoach Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	SYC
Definition	Sycamore Creek near Ft McDowell
Source

Code Definition

Code	TAV
Definition	Tanque Verde
Source

Code Definition

Code	TBI
Definition	Tatum Basin Inflow
Source

Code Definition

Code	TIG
Definition	Tiger Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEK
Definition	Vekol Wash
Source

Code Definition

Code	VEN
Definition	Ventana Canyon Wash
Source

Definition

Name of stream gage from which data was obtained

Definition

Identification number associated with stream gage, according to operating agency

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	FCDMC
Definition	Flood Control District of Maricopa County
Source

Code Definition

Code	FCDPC
Definition	Flood Control District of Pima County
Source

Code Definition

Code	USGS
Definition	US Geological Survey
Source

Unit	squareMile
Type	real
Min	0.58
Max	912.27

Unit	cubicFeetPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0.05570006
Max	24.4

Unit	cubicFeetPerSecond
Type	real
Min	0
Max	0.66

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.82
Max	53

Unit	foot
Type	real
Min	1417
Max	4973.655

Unit	inch
Type	real
Min	8.47
Max	24.3

Unit	dimensionless
Type	whole
Min	0
Max	99

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0
Max	50.55

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	944

Unit	squareKilometers
Type	real
Min	0.01
Max	1.38

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

Copyright Board of Regents, Arizona State University. This information is released to the public and may be used for academic, educational, or commercial purposes subject to the following restrictions. While the CAP LTER will make every effort possible to control and document the quality of the data it publishes, the data are made available 'as is'. The CAP LTER cannot assume responsibility for damages resulting from mis-use or mis-interpretation of datasets, or from errors or omissions that may exist in the data. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists that has resulted in data used in subsequent research. The CAP LTER expects that any use of data from this server will be accompanied with the appropriate citations and acknowledgments. The CAP LTER encourages users to contact the original investigator responsible for the data that they are accessing. Where appropriate, researchers whose projects are integrally dependent on CAP LTER data are encouraged to consider collaboration and/or co-authorship with original investigators. The CAP LTER requests that users submit to the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability at Arizona State University reference to any publication(s) resulting from the use of data obtained from this site.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabulary	storms, streams, streamflow, urban, runoff
LTER core areas	water and fluxes, disturbance patterns, human-environment interactions
Creator Defined Keyword Set	richards-baker flashiness index, zero flow days, peaks-over-threshold, stream flashiness, maricopa county, pima county, desert stream, aridland stream, arid land stream
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az, arid land

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

We limited our study area to central and southern Arizona to minimize geologic and climatic differences. This region includes the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. We obtained flow records from USGS gauges as well as those from Maricopa County and Pima County Flood Control Districts to capture a wide range of development and basin size. USGS data were obtained at 15-minute and daily intervals. Flood Control District data had variable time intervals with higher-resolution data collected during periods of flow; these data were interpolated to 15-minute intervals and averaged at daily time steps. We chose sites that had at least 14 years of recent data and restricted the dataset to 2003 to 2016 water years (where the water year was 1 October to 30 September). This yielded 33 sites, which drained watersheds ranging in size from 1.5 to 2363 km2. Fifteen of these watersheds had greater than 10% development by area.

For each watershed, we calculated various hydrologic metrics related to flow magnitude or flashiness. We used the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software to generate metrics based on daily flow data. Such metrics included zero flow days (ZFDs), rise rate, and fall rate. We separately calculated rise and fall rate for sub-daily flow data. We applied a similar algorithm as is used in the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software, where we examined the change in discharge between each timepoint and calculated the median annual rate of increase (rise rate) and decrease (fall rate). This was applied to the original (uninterpolated) sub-daily data in order to associate a given discharge change with the most accurate time interval. We also calculated the Richards-Baker Flashiness Index (R-B Flashiness Index), coefficient of variation (CV), and peaks-over-threshold (POT) on both daily and sub-daily flow data. These metrics were output as yearly total (ZFDs or POT) or median values. Given the ephemeral nature of these basins, we further explored the relationship of ZFDs with some of the other examined hydrologic metrics. For CV calculations, we suspected that ZFDs were inflating CV values, and thus also evaluated CV for flow records after removal of ZFDs. POT was calculated for flow data that were normalized by basin area, and thresholds were determined by calculating various percentiles for all data at a given time interval aggregated for all sites. For sub-daily data, only one POT was counted per six-hour interval. For daily data, each day exceeding the chosen threshold was counted as a POT. We used the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds for daily data, and 99th, 99.9th, and 99.99th percentile thresholds for sub-daily data. At 0.51 m3 s-1 km-2, the 99.99th percentile was still below the threshold of 1 m3 s-1 km-2 used to examine flashiness in an analysis of streams across the United States (Smith and Smith 2015). However, we could not examine the 99.999th percentile of 1.96 m3 s-1 km-2 as there were too few POTs for statistical analysis.

Smith, B. K., and Smith, J. A. (2015). The Flashiest Watersheds in the Contiguous United States. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16(6), 2365–2381. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14- 0217.1

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Arizona State University, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability

Address:

PO Box 875402,

Tempe, AZ 85287 USA

Creators:

Individual:

Lauren McPhillips

Organization:

The Pennsylvania State University

Email Address:

lmcphillips@engr.psu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-7979

Individual:

Rebecca Hale

Organization:

Idaho State University

Email Address:

halereb3@isu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3691

Individual:

Stevan Earl

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

stevan.earl@asu.edu

Id:

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-452X

Individual:

Nancy Grimm

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

nbgrimm@asu.edu

Id:

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-660X

Contacts:

Organization:

Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University

Position:

Data Manager

Address:

PO Box 875402,

Tempe, AZ 85287 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Lauren McPhillips

Organization:

The Pennsylvania State University

Email Address:

lmcphillips@engr.psu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-7979

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2013-10-01

End:

2015-09-30

Geographic Region:

Description:

central and southern Arizona

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	34.501	Southern:	31.5859
Western:	-113.3468	Eastern:	-110.4068

Project

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'millimeterPerHourPerDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'millimeterPerHourPerDay'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'millimeter per hour per day'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'meterCubedPerSecondPerKilometerSquared'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'meterCubedPerSecondPerKilometerSquared'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'unknown'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'cubic meters per second per square kilometer'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Flashiness of urban and desert streams in semi-arid Arizona watersheds (2003-2016)

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Flashiness of urban and desert streams in semi-arid Arizona watersheds (2003-2016)

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Additional Metadata