Data Package Metadata View Summary

Morphological and nutritional characteristics of Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona (July-September 2015)

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	knb-lter-cap.683.1
Title:	Morphological and nutritional characteristics of Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona (July-September 2015)
Abstract:	Gambel’s Quail, Callipepla gambelii, are gregarious birds commonly found in the southwestern deserts of the United States and Northwestern Mexico. With expanding urbanization, these birds are often found in exurban and suburban areas where they have access to food sources that may differ from those used by birds living in rural-urban fringes. To investigate this question, we compared the morphology and nutritional physiology of quail sampled at sites varying with respect to land use and cover. We hypothesized that quail living in urbanized areas have access to a greater variety of food sources and to more stable food resources, and so are in better body condition, than quail residing in less urbanized areas. We sampled birds at locations in the Phoenix, Arizona (USA) area, that vary with respect to land use and cover types. Birds were weighed and we measured their body length and chest circumference. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of each individual for analysis of plasma glucose, total proteins, triglycerides, and free glycerol using commercially available kits. Consistent with our hypothesis, birds living in more urbanized environments were longer, and they had larger chest circumferences and greater circulating triglyceride concentrations than birds living in less developed areas, suggesting greater access to lipid-rich foods. In addition, the abundance of grass at the sampling sites was associated positively with plasma protein concentrations but negatively with plasma free glycerol levels. Areas with more grass may provide birds with less dietary fats than the diet of urban birds, resulting in the breakdown of triglycerides into free glycerol. These findings are the first to demonstrate an association between urbanization and the morphology and nutritional physiology of Gambel’s Quail.
Publication Date:	2020-05-22

Time Period

Begin:

2015-07-01

End:

2015-09-30

People and Organizations
Contact:	Information Manager (Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER) [ email ]
Creator:	Funk, Alexander (Arizona State University)
Creator:	Sweazea, Karen (Arizona State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	683_morphology_nutrition_e592f9f8b6f9d0e1e84affa63f149758.csv
Description:	Air and substrate temperature, and morphological and nutritional physiology measurements of Gambel's Quail (Callipepla gambelii) at sampling sites in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (July-September 2015)
Data Table Name:	683_sampling_location_beb5ca1e28c742d7a89c9752ba2e9e62.csv
Description:	textual_description

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/683/1/2c12a8bbd1b22bd59ae83a2301bc711a
Name:	683_morphology_nutrition_e592f9f8b6f9d0e1e84affa63f149758.csv
Description:	Air and substrate temperature, and morphological and nutritional physiology measurements of Gambel's Quail (Callipepla gambelii) at sampling sites in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (July-September 2015)
Number of Records:	22
Number of Columns:	12

Table Structure

Object Name:

683_morphology_nutrition_e592f9f8b6f9d0e1e84affa63f149758.csv

Size:

1827 bytes

Authentication:

e592f9f8b6f9d0e1e84affa63f149758 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

site

Animal

Air Temp

Body Length

Chest Circum

Animal Temp

Substrate Temp

Body Mass

Free Glycerol

Protein

Glucose

Definition:

sampling location identifier

study animal identifier

air temperature measured at time of collection

animal body length

animal chest circumference

animal temperature

substrate temperature measured at time of collection

animal body mass

animal plasma free glycerol

animal plasma triglycerides

animal plasma total protein

animal plasma glucose

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	sampling location id 1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	sampling location id 2
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	sampling location id 3
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	sampling location id 4
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	sampling location id 5
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Code Definition

Code	6
Definition	sampling location id 6
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Code Definition

Code	7
Definition	sampling location id 7
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	study animal id 2
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Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	study animal id 3
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 4
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 5
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 6
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 7
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 8
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 9
Source

Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 10
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 11
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 189
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 198
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 190
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 192
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 193
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Definition	study animal id 194
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Definition	study animal id 195
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Definition	study animal id 193
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Code Definition

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Definition	study animal id 197
Source

Code Definition

Code	198
Definition	study animal id 198
Source

Code Definition

Code	199
Definition	study animal id 199
Source

Code Definition

Code	200
Definition	study animal id 200
Source

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	71
Max	104

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	13.5
Max	22.5

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	15.5
Max	22

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	90.4
Max	105

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	73.5
Max	106

Unit	gram
Type	real
Min	197.57
Max	265.89

Unit	milligramPerMilliliter
Type	real
Min	0.012315
Max	0.307882

Unit	milligramPerMilliliter
Type	real
Min	0.130952
Max	1.178571

Unit	milligramPerMilliliter
Type	real
Min	8.9559
Max	47.8398

Unit	milligramPerMilliliter
Type	real
Min	15.63974
Max	38.00321

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/683/1/5383d6e53d7668a3c3e0a9fef4a174b3
Name:	683_sampling_location_beb5ca1e28c742d7a89c9752ba2e9e62.csv
Description:	textual_description
Number of Records:	7
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

683_sampling_location_beb5ca1e28c742d7a89c9752ba2e9e62.csv

Size:

833 bytes

Authentication:

beb5ca1e28c742d7a89c9752ba2e9e62 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

site

latitude

longitude

ActiveCropland

Building

Grass

InactiveCropland

Lake

Road

Shrub

Soil

SwimmingPool

Tree

meanLST

Definition:

sampling location identifier

latitude of sampling location

longitude of sampling location

number of pixels of this land use, land cover type in a 1-kilomter radius area around the sampling location

Land Surface Temperature (LST) calculated from Landsat 8 imagery (30-m resolution) from summer 2015 (2015-08-27) in a 1-kilomter radius area around the sampling location

Storage Type:

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	sampling location id 1
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	sampling location id 2
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	sampling location id 3
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	sampling location id 4
Source

Code Definition

Code	5
Definition	sampling location id 5
Source

Code Definition

Code	6
Definition	sampling location id 6
Source

Code Definition

Code	7
Definition	sampling location id 7
Source

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	33.5172
Max	33.629456

Unit	degree
Type	real
Min	-112.46139
Max	-112.393185

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	41637
Max	911431

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	2125
Max	655327

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	63099
Max	465086

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	109285
Max	1991408

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	10201
Max	10202

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	65489
Max	752481

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	499
Max	196117

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	588488
Max	2282649

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	56
Max	8231

Unit	number
Type	natural
Min	10963
Max	200386

Unit	celsius
Type	real
Min	54.463425
Max	61.521868

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabulary	physiology, land use, land cover, birds
LTER core areas	adapting to city life, land use and land cover change, population studies
Creator Defined Keyword Set	glucose, fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerol, callipepla gambelii, quail, nutrition
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az, arid land

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

# Animal capture and sampling Adult male Gambel's Quail (*Callipepla gambelii*) were captured from 7 locations around Weddell and Surprise, AZ, USA using Potter traps baited with seeds and grains as well as recordings of conspecific contact calls. All birds were captured between July and September 2015, and within 5 hours after sunrise. All birds were banded to avoid recapture and released at the site of capture immediately after sample collection and body measurements. Scientific collecting and banding permits were obtained from the Arizona Game and Fish Department, and experimental procedures were approved by the Arizona State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). # Environmental variables Ambient air and ground temperature at the time of sampling were measured (to the nearest 1 degree C) using an infrared thermometer. Because conditions at the times of capture may not reflect the environmental conditions generally, we also calculated average Land Surface Temperature (LST, degree C) from remotely-sensed data collected during summer months of 2015 (Stuhlmacher and Watkins, 2019) within a 1-km radius of the sampling locations. To assess relationships among the morphological and physiological features of quail, and resources associated with urban and rural environments, we characterized the land use and land cover (LULC) within a 1-km radius around the sampling locations. We quantified the number of pixels for twelve LULC types (Building, Road, Soil (i.e., bare ground), Tree, Grass, Shrub, Active Cropland, Inactive Cropland, Orchard, Lake, Canal, Swimming Pool) around each sampling location a using land cover classification based on 1-m resolution satellite imagery (Li, 2015). We used principal component analysis (PCA) to derive two principal components that explained >81% (PC1 = 52.4%, PC2 = 28.7%) of the variation in LULC surrounding the sampling locations. PC1 generally reflected a gradient from urban to rural, loading positively with features such as buildings, roads, and swimming pools, and negatively with cropland, particularly inactive cropland. PC2 also reflected an urbanization gradient but from other urban features, loading positively with grass and lakes (urban features in central Arizona), and negatively with shrubs and soil. # Blood collection Traps were continuously monitored, and a small sample of blood <200 microliter was collected from the jugular vein using a 27-gauge heparin-coated needle immediately upon capture to avoid stress-induced alterations to plasma metabolites. Lidocaine-containing cream was applied topically prior to blood collection as an analgesic. Blood was transferred to microcentrifuge tubes and samples were placed on ice until transport to the laboratory where they were centrifuged at 13,000 rpm (x g) to separate formed elements from plasma. Plasma was stored at -80 degree C until analyses. # Morphometrics After blood collection, skin temperature was measured under the wing to the nearest 0.1 degree using a digital infrared thermometer according to the methods of McCafferty et al. (2015). Body mass was measured to the nearest 0.01 g using a portable balance. Body length from the crown to the cloaca and chest circumference including enfolded wings were measured (in cm) using flexible tension tape. # Blood analyses Plasma triglycerides and free glycerol were measured using a commercially available kit (TR0100; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Plasma total protein concentrations were measured according to the Bradford method (BioRad, Hercules, CA). Plasma glucose concentrations were measured using a kit that detects glucose using the glucose oxidase method (10009582; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). # Literature cited - Li X. 2015. CAP LTER land cover classification using 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) Imagery. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f4aced7e801f1b5e14b43cf755199c04. - McCafferty, D.J., Gallon, S., Nord, A., 2015. Challenges of measuring body temperatures of free-ranging birds and mammals. Anim. Biotelem. 3:33. - Stuhlmacher, M. and L. Watkins. 2019. Remotely-sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) for the central Arizona region during summer months over five-year periods: 1985-2015 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/c526299a0e4e4f7d6e921aac18528e24.

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source

CAP LTER land cover classification using 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) Imagery

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source

Remotely-sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) for the central Arizona region during summer months over five-year periods: 1985-2015

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Creators:

Individual:	Alexander Funk
Organization:	Arizona State University

Individual:

Karen Sweazea

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Karen.Sweazea@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-40860

Contacts:

Organization:

Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER

Position:

Information Manager

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Web Address:

https://sustainability.asu.edu/caplter/

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Karen Sweazea

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Karen.Sweazea@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-40860

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2015-07-01

End:

2015-09-30

Geographic Region:

Description:

CAP LTER study area

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	33.6295	Southern:	33.5172
Western:	-112.4614	Eastern:	-112.3932

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:

kingdom

Rank Value:

Animalia

Classification:

Rank Name:

subkingdom

Rank Value:

Bilateria

Classification:

Rank Name:

infrakingdom

Rank Value:

Deuterostomia

Classification:

Rank Name:

phylum

Rank Value:

Chordata

Classification:

Rank Name:

subphylum

Rank Value:

Vertebrata

Classification:

Rank Name:

infraphylum

Rank Value:

Gnathostomata

Classification:

Rank Name:

superclass

Rank Value:

Tetrapoda

Classification:

Rank Name:

class

Rank Value:

Aves

Classification:

Rank Name:

order

Rank Value:

Galliformes

Classification:

Rank Name:

family

Rank Value:

Odontophoridae

Classification:

Rank Name:

genus

Rank Value:

Callipepla

Classification:

Rank Name:	species
Rank Value:	Callipepla gambelii

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research Project

Personnel:

Individual:

Daniel Childers

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

dan.childers@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-0803

Role:

Principal Investigator

Individual:

Nancy Grimm

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

nbgrimm@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-660X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Sharon Hall

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

sharonjhall@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-6691

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Billie Turner II

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Billie.L.Turner@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-521X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Abigail York

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Abigail.York@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-9262

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Abstract:

Phase IV of the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER (CAP) continues to focus on the question: How do the ecosystem services provided by urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) affect human outcomes and behavior, and how do human actions affect patterns of urban ecosystem structure and function and, ultimately, urban sustainability and resilience? The overarching goal is to foster social-ecological urban research aimed at understanding these complex systems using a holistic, ecology of cities perspective while contributing to an ecology for cities that enhances urban sustainability and resilience. This goal is being met through four broad programmatic objectives: (1) use long-term observations and datasets to articulate and answer new questions requiring a long-term perspective; (2) develop and use predictive models and future-looking scenarios to help answer research questions; (3) employ existing urban ecological theory while articulating new theory; and (4) build transdisciplinary partnerships to foster resilience and enhance sustainability in urban ecosystems while educating urban dwellers of all ages and experiences. CAP IV research is organized around eight interdisciplinary questions and ten long-term datasets and experiments, and researchers are organized into eight Interdisciplinary Research Themes to pursue these long-term research questions.

Funding:

NSF Awards: CAP I: DEB-9714833, CAP II: DEB-0423704, CAP III: DEB-1026865, CAP IV: DEB-1832016

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = '1'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'milligramPerMilliliter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'kilogramPerMeterCubed'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'massDensity'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'milligram of analyte per milliliter of material'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Morphological and nutritional characteristics of Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona (July-September 2015)

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Morphological and nutritional characteristics of Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona (July-September 2015)

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Additional Metadata