Data Package Metadata View Summary

Does water-bath cleaning affect the health of visiting birds? A study of parasite loads in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (2018)

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	knb-lter-cap.688.1
Title:	Does water-bath cleaning affect the health of visiting birds? A study of parasite loads in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (2018)
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	There is evidence that urban animals have higher parasite and pathogen burdens than those from natural areas, but the mechanism behind this pattern is unclear. One possibility for yard-visiting birds is that they drink from bird baths that have not been regularly cleaned and thus they have elevate infection risks and rates by consuming unusually soiled water. We experimentally tested this idea in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) – a common backyard visitor in North America – by implementing a rotating bath-cleaning regime, where we either left baths uncleaned for 5 weeks or cleaned them daily with dilute bleach for 5 weeks, and did so at both an urban and rural study site. We found that coccidian endoparasitism decreased in urban birds when they drank from clean baths, but the same was not true for rural birds. These results reveal a habitat-specific effect of feeder cleaning on disease status in an abundant yard-visiting songbird.
Publication Date:	2021-02-27
Language:	english

Time Period

Begin:

2018-05-29

End:

2018-08-04

People and Organizations
Contact:	Information Manager (Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER) [ email ]
Creator:	McGraw, Kevin (Arizona State University)
Creator:	Shaw, Allyson (Arizona State University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	688_summer_water_bath_1f21c609384bc5638548d10a547d90b3.csv
Description:	characteristics of birds caught in association with our experimental treatment (clean v. dirty bath) and other associated traits

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/688/1/915595e0b61a4c8fe8dd3226cc3ae134
Name:	688_summer_water_bath_1f21c609384bc5638548d10a547d90b3.csv
Description:	characteristics of birds caught in association with our experimental treatment (clean v. dirty bath) and other associated traits
Number of Records:	475
Number of Columns:	7

Table Structure

Object Name:

688_summer_water_bath_1f21c609384bc5638548d10a547d90b3.csv

Size:

20831 bytes

Authentication:

1f21c609384bc5638548d10a547d90b3 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

blind_id

oocyst count

site

week of study

treatment

days since treatment began

Definition:

bird identification number: first number corresponds to week of study; letters correspond to site (C = campus, S = South Mountain); trailing numbers correspond to unique bird number

bird identification number: haphazardly assigned number ranging from 1-500

measure of parasite burden: estimated from 0-5, with 0 being no oocysts, 1 = 1-10 oocysts, 2 = 11-100 oocysts, 3 = 101-1000 oocysts, 4 = 1001-10000 oocysts, and 5 = > 10000 oocysts

name of study site: listed as either the ASU Tempe campus or the South Mountain Environmental Education Center

weeks ranging from week 1 of the study to the last week (week 10)

experimental status of the water baths used in the study: listed as either clean baths or dirty (uncleaned) baths

days since the particular clean or dirty bath treatment began: # of days since the very start of the particular clean or dirty treatment at a particular site. Note that we changed treatments at each site halfway through the study, so the days since treatment began resets to 1 in the middle of the study

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

bird identification number: first number corresponds to week of study; letters correspond to site (C = campus, S = South Mountain); trailing numbers correspond to unique bird number

Definition

bird identification number: haphazardly assigned number ranging from 1-500

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	0
Definition	no oocysts
Source

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	1-10 oocysts
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	11-100 oocysts
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	101-1000 oocysts
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	1001-10000 oocysts
Source

Code Definition

Code	5
Definition	> 10000 oocysts
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Campus
Definition	ASU Tempe campus, Tempe, AZ 85287
Source

Code Definition

Code	South Mountain
Definition	South Mountain Environmental Education Center, 10409 S. Central Ave., Phoenix AZ 85042
Source

Unit	nominalWeek
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	10

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	clean
Definition	clean baths
Source

Code Definition

Code	dirty
Definition	dirth (uncleaned) baths
Source

Unit	nominalDay
Type	natural
Min	1
Max	41

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER controlled vocabulary	urban, parasitism, birds
LTER core areas	population studies, adapting to city life
Creator Defined Keyword Set	haemorhous mexicanus, house finch, oocysts
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az, arid land

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

We added 2 Lowe’s concrete bird baths per study site and either cleaned them daily with a dilute bleach-then-rinse-then-dry protocol (clean treatment) or left them alone (unscrubbed, unbleached, unrinsed). Baths were filled with water once daily, regardless of treatment. Weekly we aimed to catch 20 unique birds per site, but capture success varied. For these captured birds we returned them to campus and held them indoors until 4pm, at which time we could obtain a fecal sample for parasite analysis that captured a peak in the diel oocyst shedding cycle. These fecal samples were preserved in potassium dichromate until analysis. We prepared the samples by mixing with Sheather’s solution, centrifuging in large tubes with a cover slip placed on top, and then removing the cover slip and placing it (containing the parasite gametes) atop a microscope slide, which we analyzed via compound light microscopy and estimating oocyst load per slide on a 0-5 integer scale.

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@environmentaldatainitiative.org

Web Address:

https://environmentaldatainitiative.org

Creators:

Individual:

Kevin McGraw

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Kevin.McGraw@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-6620

Individual:	Allyson Shaw
Organization:	Arizona State University

Contacts:

Organization:

Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER

Position:

Information Manager

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Web Address:

https://sustainability.asu.edu/caplter/

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Kevin McGraw

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Kevin.McGraw@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-6620

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2018-05-29

End:

2018-08-04

Sampling Site:

Description:

ASU Tempe campus, Tempe, AZ 85287

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-111.9332

Latitude (degree):

33.4202

Sampling Site:

Description:

South Mountain Environmental Education Center, 10409 S. Central Ave., Phoenix AZ 85042

Site Coordinates:

Longitude (degree):

-112.0759

Latitude (degree):

33.3506

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:

kingdom

Rank Value:

Animalia

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 1

Classification:

Rank Name:

phylum

Rank Value:

Chordata

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 44

Classification:

Rank Name:

class

Rank Value:

Aves

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 212

Classification:

Rank Name:

order

Rank Value:

Passeriformes

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 729

Classification:

Rank Name:

family

Rank Value:

Fringillidae

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 5242

Classification:

Rank Name:

genus

Rank Value:

Haemorhous

Identifer:

https://gbif.org
ID: 4844128

Classification:

Rank Name:	species
Rank Value:	Haemorhous mexicanus
Identifer:	https://gbif.org ID: 8323485

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research Project

Personnel:

Individual:

Daniel Childers

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

dan.childers@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-0803

Role:

Principal Investigator

Individual:

Nancy Grimm

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

nbgrimm@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-660X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Sharon Hall

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

sharonjhall@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-6691

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Billie Turner II

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Billie.L.Turner@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-521X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Abigail York

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Abigail.York@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-9262

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Abstract:

Phase IV of the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER (CAP) continues to focus on the question: How do the ecosystem services provided by urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) affect human outcomes and behavior, and how do human actions affect patterns of urban ecosystem structure and function and, ultimately, urban sustainability and resilience? The overarching goal is to foster social-ecological urban research aimed at understanding these complex systems using a holistic, ecology of cities perspective while contributing to an ecology for cities that enhances urban sustainability and resilience. This goal is being met through four broad programmatic objectives: (1) use long-term observations and datasets to articulate and answer new questions requiring a long-term perspective; (2) develop and use predictive models and future-looking scenarios to help answer research questions; (3) employ existing urban ecological theory while articulating new theory; and (4) build transdisciplinary partnerships to foster resilience and enhance sustainability in urban ecosystems while educating urban dwellers of all ages and experiences. CAP IV research is organized around eight interdisciplinary questions and ten long-term datasets and experiments, and researchers are organized into eight Interdisciplinary Research Themes to pursue these long-term research questions.

Funding:

NSF Awards: CAP I: DEB-9714833, CAP II: DEB-0423704, CAP III: DEB-1026865, CAP IV: DEB-1832016

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

1832016

Title:

LTER: CAP IV - Investigating urban ecology and sustainability through the lens of Urban Ecological Infrastructure

URL:

https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832016&HistoricalAwards=false

Other Metadata

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Does water-bath cleaning affect the health of visiting birds? A study of parasite loads in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (2018)

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Does water-bath cleaning affect the health of visiting birds? A study of parasite loads in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (2018)

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