Data Package Metadata View Summary

Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

knb-lter-cap.714.3

Title:

Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

This data package consists of 26 years (1998-2023) of environmental data and 22 years (2000-2022) years of bioclimatic data associated with CAP-LTER long-term point-count bird censusing sites (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4777d7f0a899f506d6d4f9b5d535ba09), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). The environmental variables include land surface temperature (LST), three spectral indices of vegetation and water – the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) – and four spectral indices of impervious surface/urbanization. Impervious surface indices include the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), the normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), the enhanced normalized differences impervious surface index (ENDISI), and the normalized impervious surface index (NISI). LST and all spectral indices were derived from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. The seven bioclimatic variables (e.g., air temperature, precipitation) were sourced from 1-km resolution gridded estimates of daily climatic data from NASA Daymet V4. We created temporally-aggregated Daymet raster images by calculating mean pixel-values for each season and year, as well as seasonally and annually summed precipitation. We summarized the values of each environmental variable by generating variously-sized (100-m, 500-m, 1000-m) buffers around each bird point count location and extracting weighted mean values of each environmental variable, with each pixel's values weighted by the proportion of its area falling within the buffer. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of spectral indices, can be found in the data package metadata (see 'Methods and Protocols') and accompanying Javascript and R code.

Publication Date:

2024-07-26

Language:

english

For more information:
Visit:	https://cap.lternet.edu
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

1997-12-21

End:

2023-12-20

People and Organizations
Contact:	Information Manager (Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER) [ email ]
Creator:	Haight, Jeffrey (Arizona State University)
Creator:	de Albuquerque, Fábio (Arizona State University)
Creator:	Frazier, Amy (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Associate:	Bateman, Heather L (Arizona State University, project participant)
Associate:	Larson, Kelli (Arizona State University, project participant)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	714_envsummaries_corebirds_combined.csv
Description:	Summary statistics of environmental variables (land surface temperature and spectral indices of vegetation, water, and impervious surface) and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely sensed imagery in variously-sized buffers surrounding long-term bird censusing points
Other Name:	714_CombiningEnvSummaries_CoreBirds.R
Description:	R code to combine GEE .csv file outputs into single tabular data entity (envsummaries_corebirds_combined)
Other Name:	714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Landsat.txt
Description:	Javascript code used in Google Earth Engine to calculate and summarize land surface temperature and spectral index variables across CAP LTER long-term bird sites, based on Landsat imagery
Other Name:	714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Daymet.txt
Description:	Javascript code used in Google Earth Engine to calculate and summarize bioclimatic variables across CAP LTER long-term bird sites, based on Daymet imagery

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/714/3/8dce0c0477c9311c1ccc242b7cdb22a5
Name:	714_envsummaries_corebirds_combined.csv
Description:	Summary statistics of environmental variables (land surface temperature and spectral indices of vegetation, water, and impervious surface) and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely sensed imagery in variously-sized buffers surrounding long-term bird censusing points
Number of Records:	40950
Number of Columns:	23

Table Structure

Object Name:

714_envsummaries_corebirds_combined.csv

Size:

8351604 bytes

Authentication:

1f4fbd4db1c2cf9189e8a205183e000b Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

Comma Separated Values Text

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

site_code

loc_type

lat

long

year

season

region

statistic

LST

NDVI

SAVI

MNDWI

NDBI

NDISI

ENDISI

NISI

ppt

ppt_sum

temp_max

temp_min

dayl

srad

Definition:

bird survey location identifier

general physical or research context of the bird survey site

Latitude

Longitude

Year

The time period over imagery were temporally aggregated (one of four seasons or annual)

Type of region over which summary statistics were extracted (e.g. 500-m buffer)

Summary statistic generated (e.g. Mean)

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index

Modified Normalized Difference Water Index

Normalized Difference Built Index

Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index

Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index

Normalized Impervious Surface Index

Mean daily total precipitation per time period

Sum of daily total precipitation per time period

Mean daily maximum 2-meter air temperature per time period

Mean daily minimum 2-meter air temperature per time period

Mean duration of the daylight period per time period

Mean incident shortwave radiation flux density per time period

Mean daily average partial pressure of water vapor per time period

Storage Type:

string

float

date

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

dateTime

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	7-11A
Definition	unique location identifier 7-11A
Source

Code Definition

Code	7-11B
Definition	unique location identifier 7-11B
Source

Code Definition

Code	7-11C
Definition	unique location identifier 7-11C
Source

Code Definition

Code	AA-17
Definition	unique location identifier AA-17
Source

Code Definition

Code	AA-20
Definition	unique location identifier AA-20
Source

Code Definition

Code	AA-9
Definition	unique location identifier AA-9
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Code Definition

Code	AA-9B
Definition	unique location identifier AA-9B
Source

Code Definition

Code	AA-9C
Definition	unique location identifier AA-9C
Source

Code Definition

Code	AB-19
Definition	unique location identifier AB-19
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Code Definition

Code	AC-16
Definition	unique location identifier AC-16
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Code Definition

Code	AD-10
Definition	unique location identifier AD-10
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Code Definition

Code	AD-21
Definition	unique location identifier AD-21
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Code Definition

Code	AE-23
Definition	unique location identifier AE-23
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Code Definition

Code	AF-12
Definition	unique location identifier AF-12
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Code Definition

Code	Ave35_dwn_B1
Definition	unique location identifier Ave35_dwn_B1
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Code Definition

Code	Ave67_dwn_B1
Definition	unique location identifier Ave67_dwn_B1
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Code Definition

Code	BM_mid_B2
Definition	unique location identifier BM_mid_B2
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Code Definition

Code	DBG
Definition	unique location identifier DBG
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Code Definition

Code	EE-15A
Definition	unique location identifier EE-15A
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Code Definition

Code	EE-6A
Definition	unique location identifier EE-6A
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Code Definition

Code	EE-7C
Definition	unique location identifier EE-7C
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Code Definition

Code	EMP
Definition	unique location identifier EMP
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Code Definition

Code	EN-4B
Definition	unique location identifier EN-4B
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Code Definition

Code	EN-7B
Definition	unique location identifier EN-7B
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Code Definition

Code	F-8
Definition	unique location identifier F-8
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Code Definition

Code	G-15
Definition	unique location identifier G-15
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Code Definition

Code	I-11
Definition	unique location identifier I-11
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Code Definition

Code	I-17
Definition	unique location identifier I-17
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Code Definition

Code	IBWA
Definition	unique location identifier IBWA
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Code Definition

Code	IBWB
Definition	unique location identifier IBWB
Source

Code Definition

Code	IBWC
Definition	unique location identifier IBWC
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Code Definition

Code	L-7
Definition	unique location identifier L-7
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Code Definition

Code	M-16
Definition	unique location identifier M-16
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Code Definition

Code	M-9
Definition	unique location identifier M-9
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Code Definition

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Definition	unique location identifier N-12
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Code Definition

Code	NDV-C
Definition	unique location identifier NDV-C
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Code Definition

Code	NDV-M
Definition	unique location identifier NDV-M
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Code Definition

Code	NDV-N
Definition	unique location identifier NDV-N
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Code Definition

Code	NDV-O
Definition	unique location identifier NDV-O
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Code Definition

Code	NDV-X
Definition	unique location identifier NDV-X
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Code Definition

Code	O-9
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Code Definition

Code	P-16
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Code Definition

Code	P-18
Definition	unique location identifier P-18
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Code Definition

Code	PE-10B
Definition	unique location identifier PE-10B
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Code Definition

Code	PE-11A
Definition	unique location identifier PE-11A
Source

Code Definition

Code	PE-13A
Definition	unique location identifier PE-13A
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Code Definition

Code	PE-1D
Definition	unique location identifier PE-1D
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Code Definition

Code	PN-1B
Definition	unique location identifier PN-1B
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Code Definition

Code	PN-2A
Definition	unique location identifier PN-2A
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Code Definition

Code	PN-7A
Definition	unique location identifier PN-7A
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Code Definition

Code	Price_up_B1
Definition	unique location identifier Price_up_B1
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Code Definition

Code	Priest_dwn_B1
Definition	unique location identifier Priest_dwn_B1
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Code Definition

Code	PWP
Definition	unique location identifier PWP
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Code Definition

Code	PWRA
Definition	unique location identifier PWRA
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Code Definition

Code	PWRB
Definition	unique location identifier PWRB
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Code Definition

Code	PWRC
Definition	unique location identifier PWRC
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Code Definition

Code	Q-15
Definition	unique location identifier Q-15
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Code Definition

Code	Q-15B
Definition	unique location identifier Q-15B
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Code Definition

Code	Q-15C
Definition	unique location identifier Q-15C
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Code Definition

Code	Q-7
Definition	unique location identifier Q-7
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Code Definition

Code	R-12
Definition	unique location identifier R-12
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Code Definition

Code	R-18
Definition	unique location identifier R-18
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Code Definition

Code	R-18B
Definition	unique location identifier R-18B
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Code Definition

Code	R-18C
Definition	unique location identifier R-18C
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Code Definition

Code	Rio_mid_B2
Definition	unique location identifier Rio_mid_B2
Source

Code Definition

Code	S-16
Definition	unique location identifier S-16
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Code Definition

Code	SMW
Definition	unique location identifier SMW
Source

Code Definition

Code	SRR
Definition	unique location identifier SRR
Source

Code Definition

Code	T-11
Definition	unique location identifier T-11
Source

Code Definition

Code	T-13
Definition	unique location identifier T-13
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Code Definition

Code	T-19
Definition	unique location identifier T-19
Source

Code Definition

Code	Tonto_up_B1
Definition	unique location identifier Tonto_up_B1
Source

Code Definition

Code	TRSA
Definition	unique location identifier TRSA
Source

Code Definition

Code	TRSB
Definition	unique location identifier TRSB
Source

Code Definition

Code	TRSC
Definition	unique location identifier TRSC
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-12
Definition	unique location identifier U-12
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-13
Definition	unique location identifier U-13
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-18
Definition	unique location identifier U-18
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-18B
Definition	unique location identifier U-18B
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-18C
Definition	unique location identifier U-18C
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-21
Definition	unique location identifier U-21
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-21B
Definition	unique location identifier U-21B
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-21C
Definition	unique location identifier U-21C
Source

Code Definition

Code	U-8
Definition	unique location identifier U-8
Source

Code Definition

Code	UMP
Definition	unique location identifier UMP
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-13
Definition	unique location identifier V-13
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-14
Definition	unique location identifier V-14
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-14B
Definition	unique location identifier V-14B
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-14C
Definition	unique location identifier V-14C
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-16
Definition	unique location identifier V-16
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-18
Definition	unique location identifier V-18
Source

Code Definition

Code	V-20
Definition	unique location identifier V-20
Source

Code Definition

Code	W-15
Definition	unique location identifier W-15
Source

Code Definition

Code	W-15B
Definition	unique location identifier W-15B
Source

Code Definition

Code	W-15C
Definition	unique location identifier W-15C
Source

Code Definition

Code	W-17
Definition	unique location identifier W-17
Source

Code Definition

Code	W-6
Definition	unique location identifier W-6
Source

Code Definition

Code	WTM
Definition	unique location identifier WTM
Source

Code Definition

Code	X-17
Definition	unique location identifier X-17
Source

Code Definition

Code	X-17B
Definition	unique location identifier X-17B
Source

Code Definition

Code	X-17C
Definition	unique location identifier X-17C
Source

Code Definition

Code	X-18
Definition	unique location identifier X-18
Source

Code Definition

Code	X-8
Definition	unique location identifier X-8
Source

Code Definition

Code	Y-19
Definition	unique location identifier Y-19
Source

Code Definition

Code	Z-23
Definition	unique location identifier Z-23
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	desert_fertilization
Definition	Phoenix area mountain parks that are part of the CAP LTER Desert Fertilization study
Source

Code Definition

Code	ESCA
Definition	colocated with CAP LTER Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) project sites
Source

Code Definition

Code	NDV
Definition	colocated with CAP LTER experimental sites at the North Desert Village on the ASU Polytechnic Campus
Source

Code Definition

Code	PASS
Definition	colocated with CAP LTER Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) study neighborhoods
Source

Code Definition

Code	riparian
Definition	urban riparian habitat
Source

Code Definition

Code	SRBP
Definition	colocated with CAP LTER Salt River Biological Project (SRBP) study sites
Source

Unit	DEG
Type	real
Min	33.20731
Max	33.88142

Unit	DEG
Type	real
Min	-112.7419
Max	-111.5795

Format	YYYY
Precision

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1_winter
Definition	the cool and wet Winter season (December 21th-March 19th)
Source

Code Definition

Code	2_spring
Definition	the hot and dry Spring/early summer (March 20th-June 20th)
Source

Code Definition

Code	3_summer
Definition	the hot and wet Summer (June 21st-September 21st)
Source

Code Definition

Code	4_fall
Definition	the warm and dry Fall season (September 22nd-December 20th)
Source

Code Definition

Code	annual
Definition	annual
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	100 m buffer
Definition	Summary statistics calculated within a 100-m radius buffer of the site
Source

Code Definition

Code	1000 m buffer
Definition	Summary statistics calculated within a 1000-m radius buffer of the site
Source

Code Definition

Code	500 m buffer
Definition	Summary statistics calculated within a 500-m radius buffer of the site
Source

Definition

Summary statistic generated (e.g. Mean)

Unit	DEG_C
Type	real
Min	11.99195
Max	63.70725

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	0.017342
Max	0.7927198

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	0.0121816
Max	0.6154256

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	-0.5377561
Max	0.3694895

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	-0.5486518
Max	0.2466606

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	0.2571867
Max	0.5616969

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	-0.823711
Max	0.0199462

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	-0.4770837
Max	0.4176553

Unit	MilliL-PER-DAY
Type	real
Min	0
Max	4.073985

Unit	MilliM
Type	real
Min	0
Max	526.525

Unit	DEG_C
Type	real
Min	16.43299
Max	42.95315

Unit	DEG_C
Type	real
Min	2.877386
Max	27.57957

Unit	UNITLESS
Type	real
Min	37949.53
Max	48275.22

Unit	W-PER-M2
Type	real
Min	276.2657
Max	499.6432

Unit	PA
Type	real
Min	302.32
Max	2534.267

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Code	NA
Expl	missing value

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

714_CombiningEnvSummaries_CoreBirds.R

Entity Type:

Description:

R code to combine GEE .csv file outputs into single tabular data entity (envsummaries_corebirds_combined)

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

714_CombiningEnvSummaries_CoreBirds.R

Size:

5467 byte

Authentication:

fcc0b0881399ae3e51c186bb47c9a423 Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/714/3/5ec91d5ce908d69473cbb9c9082dd5d8

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Landsat.txt

Entity Type:

txt

Description:

Javascript code used in Google Earth Engine to calculate and summarize land surface temperature and spectral index variables across CAP LTER long-term bird sites, based on Landsat imagery

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Landsat.txt

Size:

37120 byte

Authentication:

99ed669343bf0209c349b4ef70200794 Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

txt

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/714/3/782a5f2ea8b6062b1799f1cc7271c386

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:

714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Daymet.txt

Entity Type:

txt

Description:

Javascript code used in Google Earth Engine to calculate and summarize bioclimatic variables across CAP LTER long-term bird sites, based on Daymet imagery

Physical Structure Description:

Object Name:

714_SummarizingEnv_CoreBirds_Daymet.txt

Size:

20801 byte

Authentication:

22a244d797a470ad12c87f771713dd5b Calculated By MD5

Externally Defined Format:

Format Name:

txt

Data:

https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-cap/714/3/1a177f5b9748a2162c9240dba981d128

Data Package Usage Rights

This data package is released to the "public domain" under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 "No Rights Reserved" (see: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or coauthorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
CAPLTER Keyword Set List	cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az, arid land
CAP LTER IRT	ecosystem structure and functioning, adapting to city life, environment and well-being
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	urban, geographic information systems, vegetation, climate, temperature, land cover, land use, land surface properties, seasonality, long term, remote sensing, satellite imagery, landsat, normalized vegetation index, landscape change, deserts
LTER core areas	land use and land cover change
Geographic Names Information System	Phoenix

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

This data package contains two types of variables from distinct sources: (1) environmental variables processed from Landsat imagery (1998-2023), and (2) bioclimatic variables processed from Daymet data (2000-2022). All variables are temporally aggregated by calendar year (annually) and by the four meteorological seasons of the Sonoran Desert: the cool and wet Winter (December 21th-March 19th); the hot and dry Spring/early summer (March 20th-June 20th); the hot and wet Summer (June 21st-September 21st), and the warm and dry Fall (September 22nd-December 20th). These seasons generally align with the timing of bird point count survey periods and the astronomical seasons. All datasets were processed using Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017). The first group of variables includes seven spectral indices and land surface temperature (LST) derived from 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. We first generated median composite Landsat images for annual and seasonal timesteps. Based on these annual and seasonal composite images, we used the visible (RED; GREEN; BLUE), near-infrared (NIR), first and second shortwave infrared (SWIR1 and SWIR2), and thermal (THERM) bands to calculate the spectral indices as follows: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Following https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-normalized-difference-vegetation-index, we calculated NDVI as… NDVI = (NIR - RED) / (NIR + RED) Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI): Using a USGS-recommended soil brightness adjustment factor of 0.5 (https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-soil-adjusted-vegetation-index), we calculated SAVI as… SAVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED + 0.5) * 1.5 Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI): Following the methods of Xu (2006), we calculated MNDWI as… MNDWI = (GREEN – SWIR1) / (GREEN + SWIR1) Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI): Following the methods of Zha et al. (2003), we calculated NDBI as… NDBI = (SWIR1 – NIR) / (SWIR1 + NIR) Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDISI): following the methods of Sun et al. (2017): NDISI = [THERM – (MNDWI + NIR + SWIR1)/3] / [THERM + (MNDWI + NIR + SWIR1)/3] Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (ENDISI): Following the methods of Chen et al. 2019, we calculated ENDISI as… ENDISI = [BLUE – α *(SWIR1/SWIR2 + (MNDWI)^2)] / [BLUE + α *(SWIR1/SWIR2 + (MNDWI)^2)] α = (2*BLUEmean) / ((SWIR1/SWIR2)mean + [(MNDWI)^2mean) where α is a correction factor used to obtain an index value of -1 to 1, based on whole-image mean values of the blue band, the ratio between the shortwave infrared bands, and squared values of MNDWI. Normalized Impervious Surface Index (NISI): Following the methods of Su et al. (2022), we calculated NISI as… NISI = ((RED + GREEN + BLUE) – NIR)/((RED + GREEN + BLUE) + NIR) The second group included seven bioclimatic variables sourced from 1-km resolution gridded estimates of daily climatic data (e.g., air temperature, precipitation) from NASA Daymet V4 (Thornton et al. 2020). We included temporally aggregated values of the following variables: | variable | description | |----------|------------------------------------------------------| | ppt | Daily total precipitation (mm/day); mean per period | | ppt_sum | Daily total precipitation (mm); total sum per period | | temp_max | Daily maximum 2-meter air temperature (C) | | temp_min | Daily minimum 2-meter air temperature (C) | | dayl | Duration of the daylight period (seconds) | | srad | Incident shortwave radiation flux density (W/m^2) | | vp | Daily average partial pressure of water vapor (Pa) | For each year and season, we summarized all climatic variables as the mean of their daily values, except for ‘ppt_sum’, which was calculated as the sum of daily precipitation values in each time period. For raster datasets of all Landsat- and Daymet-based variables, including LST (derived from the Landsat thermal band), we overlaid the bird point count locations (Lerman et al. 2023). We generated variously-sized (100-m, 500-m, 1000-m) buffers around the points, with buffering performed in a spherical coordinate system (the default for Google Earth Engine; https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-feature-buffer). For each buffer, we then extracted weighted mean values of each environmental variable at each site, with each pixel's values weighted by the proportion of its area falling within the buffer. When extracting summary statistics of all Landsat-based environmental variables except for MNDWI, we excluded open water pixels (identified as MNDWI > 0.10) from the composite Landsat image. We subsequently excluded MNDWI from the final list of variables. Lastly, we exported the tabular for additional data cleaning in R prior to publication (see accompanying R scripts), including rescaling land surface temperature values from degrees Kelvin to degrees Celsius and renaming variables. **Citations:** - Chen, J., Yang, K., Chen, S., Yang, C., Zhang, S., & He, L. (2019). Enhanced normalized difference index for impervious surface area estimation at the plateau basin scale. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 13(01), 1. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.13.016502 - Earth Resources Observation And Science (EROS) Center (1999) Collection-2 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Level-2 Science Products - Earth Resources Observation And Science (EROS) Center (2013) Collection-2 Landsat 8-9 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) Level-2 Science Products - Earth Resources Observation And Science (EROS) Center (2020) Collection-2 Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products - Gorelick N, Hancher M, Dixon M, et al. (2017) Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment 202:18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031 - Lerman, S.B., P.S. Warren, H. Bateman, M. Katti, and E. Shochat. 2023. Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 2000 ver 23. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4777d7f0a899f506d6d4f9b5d535ba09 - Su, S., Tian, J., Dong, X., Tian, Q., Wang, N., & Xi, Y. (2022). An Impervious Surface Spectral Index on Multispectral Imagery Using Visible and Near-Infrared Bands. Remote Sensing, 14(14), 3391. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143391 - Sun, Z., Wang, C., Guo, H., & Shang, R. (2017). A Modified Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (MNDISI) for Automatic Urban Mapping from Landsat Imagery. Remote Sensing, 9(9), 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090942 - Thornton, M. M., Shrestha, R., Wei, Y., Thornton, P.E., Kao, S., & Wilson, B.E. (2020). Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 (Version 4) [netCDF]. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1840 - Xu, H. (2006). Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025–3033. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179 - Zha, Y., Gao, J., & Ni, S. (2003). Use of normalized difference built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from TM imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160304987

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Jeffrey Haight

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

jhaight@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-1566

Individual:

Fábio de Albuquerque

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Fabio.Albuquerque@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-4757

Individual:

Amy Frazier

Organization:

University of California, Santa Barbara

Email Address:

afrazier@ucsb.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-4935

Contacts:

Organization:

Central Arizona–Phoenix LTER

Position:

Information Manager

Address:

Arizona State University,

Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5402 USA

Email Address:

caplter.data@asu.edu

Web Address:

https://sustainability-innovation.asu.edu/caplter/

Id:

https://ror.org/020zjmd13

Associated Parties:

Individual:

Heather L Bateman

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

heather.l.bateman@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-3824

Role:

project participant

Individual:

Kelli Larson

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

kelli.larson@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-2687

Role:

project participant

Metadata Providers:

Individual:

Jeffrey Haight

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

jhaight@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-1566

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

1997-12-21

End:

2023-12-20

Geographic Region:

Description:

CAP LTER study area: greater Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert region

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	33.8904	Southern:	33.1983
Western:	-112.7527	Eastern:	-111.5687

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:

Species

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research Project

Personnel:

Individual:

Daniel Childers

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

dan.childers@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-0803

Role:

Principal Investigator

Individual:

Nancy Grimm

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

nbgrimm@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-660X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Sharon J Hall

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

sharonjhall@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-6691

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Billie Turner II

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Billie.L.Turner@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-521X

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Individual:

Abigail York

Organization:

Arizona State University

Email Address:

Abigail.York@asu.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-9262

Role:

Co-principal Investigator

Abstract:

Humankind is increasingly an urban species and urban ecosystems are therefore profoundly important. Cities are concentrated consumers of energy and resources and producers of various wastes, but they are also centers of social networks, innovation, efficiency, and solutions. The Central Arizona?Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research program (CAP V) is a research project that includes scientists from a variety of disciplines focused on understanding cities as hybrid ecosystems including both environmental and human components, and their interactions. Understanding urban ecosystems remains the central focus of CAP V after 25 years of innovative research. The interconnectedness of human motivation, behavior, actions, and outcomes with urban ecosystem structure and function leads to a fundamental question addressed by this project. How have/are human-environment interactions mediated by urban ecological infrastructure to shape past, present, and future ecosystem functions? This project will further indicate how we can use knowledge of these relationships to inform more just, transformative, and sustainable futures. Broader societal impacts are intentionally integrated in CAP V research, with many activities involving explicit partnerships with practitioners and communities that historically have had little voice in the future of their city and environment. This work forms a translational link among social-ecological research outcomes, city institutions, and communities with the goal of ultimately making Phoenix, and cities in general, better and more sustainable places to live. CAP research will extend its focus on the theory of Urban Ecological Infrastructure (UEI) as a critical bridge between the system?s biophysical and human/social domains. CAP researchers will continue to explore interdisciplinary urban ecology in residential landscapes, urban waterbodies, desert parks and preserves, while examining the plants, animals, climate, urban design and governance across the metropolitan Phoenix region. New research initiatives will include a focus on environmental justice and equity, as well as urban air quality. The research will develop both knowledge and solutions in underserved and historically neglected communities, including local Indigenous communities. CAP V research is organized around five interdisciplinary areas: 1) ecosystem structure and function and biogeochemical cycling; 2) adaptation and eco-evolutionary dynamics; 3) urban climate, and air quality; 4) urban nature and human perceptions, decisions, and wellbeing; and 5) environmental justice, governance, and transformative futures. Investigating these questions, in the context of the previous 25 years of CAP research, will guide the CAP research endeavor towards more sustainable and resilient futures for U.S. cities and for our increasingly urban society. This award is jointly funded by the Division of Environmental Biology and the Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Funding:

NSF Awards: CAP I: DEB-9714833, CAP II: DEB-0423704, CAP III: DEB-1026865, CAP IV: DEB-1832016, CAP V: DEB-2224662

Additional Award Information:

Funder:

National Science Foundation

Funder ID:

https://ror.org/021nxhr62

Number:

2224662

Title:

LTER: CAP V: Investigating how relationships between urban ecological infrastructure and human-environment interactions shape the structure and function of urban ecosystems

URL:

https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224662&HistoricalAwards=false

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	this dataset is complete and or updates are not anticipated
Frequency:	notPlanned

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n      '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'UNITLESS'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'MilliL-PER-DAY'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'MilliM'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'DEG_C'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'W-PER-M2'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'PA'
        |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |        \___attribute 'id' = 'DEG'
        |     |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)

Data Entities

Data Table

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Non-Categorized Data Resource

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata