Data Package Metadata   View Summary

PFAS, Coliform, and E. coli Data from Freshwater Canals, Brackish Water in Biscayne Bay, and Ocean Salt Water from Miami Beaches, Florida, USA, July 2023

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-fce.1275.3
Title:PFAS, Coliform, and E. coli Data from Freshwater Canals, Brackish Water in Biscayne Bay, and Ocean Salt Water from Miami Beaches, Florida, USA, July 2023
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

This package contains data on levels of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), Coliform, and E. coli from samples collected at 15 water sampling sites in and around Biscayne Bay, Florida on 2023-07-27 as part of the Coastal Ecosystem-Research Experience for Teachers (CE-BIORETS) program. The sites included waterways leading to Biscayne Bay (freshwater canals), Biscayne Bay directly (marine brackish water), and ocean water from Miami beaches (marine salt water). A total of 500 mL of surface water was collected (at approximately 30 cm depth) from each site. Samples were run through a Solid Phase Extraction process (SPE) and then dried using a Nitrogen Evaporator. Extracts were then analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the quantity of each of the different PFAS (ng/L) present in the sample. The same sites were selected for Coliform and E. coli colony forming units’ detection, and samples were collected at the same time as the PFAS samples. Samples were analyzed by pouring 100 mL of collected water into the wells on a ColiPlate. The 15 plates were incubated for 1 day at 37°C to determine if Coliforms and E. coli were detected. Data collection for this project is complete.

Publication Date:2024-12-04
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2023-07-27
End:
2023-07-27

People and Organizations
Contact:Yoham, Gary (Florida International University, CE-BIORET) [  email ]
Contact:Soares Quinete, Natalia (Florida International University, Assistant Professor) [  email ]
Contact:Information Manager (Florida Coastal Everglades LTER) [  email ]
Creator:Yoham, Gary (Florida International University, CE-BIORET)
Creator:Soares Quinete, Natalia (Florida International University, Assistant Professor)
Creator:Heath, Courtney (Florida International University, PhD Student, Environmental Chemistry)
Associate:Guerra De Navarro, Maria (Florida International University, PhD Student, Field Crew)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
FCE_1275_PFAS_E_coli_levels.csv
Description:
PFAS and Coliform and E. coli levels data for July 2023 in and around Biscayne Bay in South Florida.
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-fce/1275/3/9a2a07dea9125e25528ca4c1e79af89d
Name:FCE_1275_PFAS_E_coli_levels.csv
Description:PFAS and Coliform and E. coli levels data for July 2023 in and around Biscayne Bay in South Florida.
Number of Records:15
Number of Columns:25

Table Structure
Object Name:FCE_1275_PFAS_E_coli_levels.csv
Size:4374 byte
Authentication:93a9be465bab582ed713e47b39324220 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 LatitudeLongitudeWater TypeDate CollectionDate of RunPFBA (ng/L)PFPeA (ng/L)PFBS (ng/L)PFHxA (ng/L)4-2FTS (ng/L)PFPeS (ng/L)PFHpA (ng/L)PFHxS (ng/L)PFOA (ng/L)6-2FTS (ng/L)PFOS (ng/L)PFNA (ng/L)Sum PFAS (ng/L)Sum Long Chain (ng/L)Sum Short Chain (ng/L)Total Coliforms (cfu/100mL)E. coli (cfu/100mL)4_2FTS_flag6_2FTS_flag
Column Name:Sampling_Site  
Latitude  
Longitude  
Water_Type  
Date_Obtained  
Date_of_Run  
PFBA  
PFPeA  
PFBS  
PFHxA  
4_2FTS  
PFPeS  
PFHpA  
PFHxS  
PFOA  
6_2FTS  
PFOS  
PFNA  
Sum_PFAS  
Long_Chain  
Short_Chain  
Total_Coliforms  
E_coli  
4_2FTS_flag  
6_2FTS_flag  
Definition:Name of each of the 15 sampling sites around Biscayne Bay and Miami BeachLatitude of the sample taken in degreesLongitude of the sample taken in degreesWater type is either Marine or CanalThis is the date the sample was collected in fieldThis is the date the sample was run on the LC-MS/MSPerfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluoropentane sulfonic acid (PFPeS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) group6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupPerfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a long-chain member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groupThis is the sum of all PFAS listed above at each of the 16 sampling sites.Sum of all Long Chain PFAS (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids ≥7 Carbons or perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids ≥ 6 carbons) found in samples such as PFOA, 6-2FTS, PFOS, and PFNASum of all Short Chain (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids <7 Carbons or perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids < 6 carbons) PFAS found in samples such as PFBA, PFPeA, PFBS, PFHxA, 4-2FTS, PFPeS, PFHpA, and PFHxSTotal Coliform forming-units per 100 milliliter detected in sample.Total E. coli forming-units per 100 milliliter detected in sampleFlag for 4_2FTS valuesFlag for 6_2FTS values
External Measurement Definition, Link: has unit Degree has unit Degree has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre has unit Nanograms per litre
Storage Type:string  
float  
float  
string  
dateTime  
dateTime  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
string  
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Measurement Type:nominalratiorationominaldateTimedateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitiontext
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Definitiontext
FormatYYYY-MM-DD
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm
Precision
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitnanogramPerLiter
Typereal
UnitColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter
Typereal
UnitColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter
Typereal
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code<MDL
DefinitionValue below minimum detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
Source
Code Definition
CodeVALID
DefinitionSample value is above the detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code<MDL
DefinitionValue below minimum detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
Source
Code Definition
CodeVALID
DefinitionSample value is above the detection limit of 0.02 ng/L
Source
Missing Value Code:                    
Code-9999
Explbelow method detection limit
       
Code-9999
ExplBelow method detection limit
         
Code-9999
Explsample was missing or not detected
Code-9999
Explsample was missing or not detected
   
Accuracy Report:                                                  
Accuracy Assessment:                                                  
Coverage:                                                  
Methods:                                                  

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)Biscayne Bay, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS
FCE Keyword ListFCE LTER, LTER, Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
LTER Controlled Vocabularyhuman disturbance, bacteria, water quality
LTER Core Research Areasdisturbance

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

We selected 15 sites that included waterways leading to Biscayne Bay (freshwater canals), Biscayne Bay directly (marine brackish water), and ocean water (marine salt water). A total of 500 mL of surface water was collected (at approximately 30 cm depth) in clean polypropylene bottles from each site. Samples were first run through a Solid Phase Extraction process (SPE) using Strata XL-AW 100 μm polymeric weak anion cartridges (500 mg / 6 mL). For the SPE process, cartridges are first conditioned with 6 mL of 1% ammonium hydroxide in methanol, 6 mL of methanol and equilibrated with 6 mL of water. Then samples are loaded onto the cartridge for concentration of the compounds of interest. Lastly, PFAS were eluted from the cartridges with basic methanol (0.3% ammonium hydroxide in methanol), and then dried using a Nitrogen Evaporator. Dried samples were reconstituted to a final volume of 0.5 mL. Extracts were then analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the quantity of each of the different PFAS (ng/L) present in the sample. LC-MS/MS data was processed by the Agilent Software Masshunter. The same sites were selected for Coliform and E. coli colony forming units’ detection, and samples were collected at the same time as the PFAS samples but using autoclaved 500 mL glass bottles. Samples were analyzed by pouring 100 mL of collected water into the wells on a ColiPlate. The 15 plates were incubated for 1 day at 37°C. If wells on the plates turned from yellowish to blue/green color after the incubation period, this represented a positive indication for Coliforms. If the blue/green well showed fluorescence also, that well was positive for E. coli. The most probable number (MPN) table of colony forming-units per 100 mL was used to determine the number of colonies present in each sample.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Gary Yoham
Organization:Florida International University
Position:CE-BIORET
Email Address:
gyoham@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9962-550X
Individual: Natalia Soares Quinete
Organization:Florida International University
Position:Assistant Professor
Email Address:
nsoaresq@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-2995
Individual: Courtney Heath
Organization:Florida International University
Position:PhD Student, Environmental Chemistry
Email Address:
cheat009@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1425-5446
Contacts:
Individual: Gary Yoham
Organization:Florida International University
Position:CE-BIORET
Email Address:
gyoham@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9962-550X
Individual: Natalia Soares Quinete
Organization:Florida International University
Position:Assistant Professor
Email Address:
nsoaresq@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-2995
Organization:Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
Position:Information Manager
Address:
Florida International University,
11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148,
Miami, FL 33199 USA
Email Address:
fcelter@fiu.edu
Web Address:
https://fcelter.fiu.edu
Associated Parties:
Individual: Maria Guerra De Navarro
Organization:Florida International University
Position:PhD Student
Email Address:
mguer200@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3310-8439
Role:Field Crew
Metadata Providers:
Organization:Florida Coastal Everglades LTER
Address:
Florida International University,
11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148,
Miami, FL 33199 USA
Phone:
305-348-6054 (voice)
Email Address:
fcelter@fiu.edu
Web Address:
https://fcelter.fiu.edu
Id:https://ror.org/03davk141

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2023-07-27
End:
2023-07-27
Geographic Region:
Description:Study extent of 15 water sampling sites in and around Biscayne Bay, Florida
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  25.930056Southern:  25.771333
Western:  -80.210417Eastern:  -80.118806
Taxonomic Range:
Classification:
Rank Name:Phylum
Rank Value:Pseudomonadota
Common Name:purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 1224 (Pseudomonadota)
Classification:
Rank Name:Class
Rank Value:Gammaproteobacteria
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 1236 (Gammaproteobacteria)
Classification:
Rank Name:Order
Rank Value:Enterobacterales
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 91347 (Enterobacterales)
Classification:
Rank Name:Family
Rank Value:Enterobacteriaceae
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 543 (Enterobacteriaceae)
Classification:
Rank Name:Genus
Rank Value:Escherichia
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 561 (Escherichia)
Classification:
Rank Name:Species
Rank Value:Escherichia coli
Common Name:E. coli
Identifer:National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy (NCBI)
Info for ID: 562 (Escherichia coli)

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:PFAS and Coliform/E. coli study from freshwater sources in canals, to the brackish water in Biscayne Bay in Miami and salt water from the open ocean on Miami Beach located in South Florida, Jul 27, 2023.
Personnel:
Individual: Gary Yoham
Organization:Florida International University
Position:CE-BIORET
Email Address:
gyoham@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9962-550X
Role:Researcher
Individual: Natalia Soares Quinete
Organization:Florida International University
Position:Assistant Professor
Email Address:
nsoaresq@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-2995
Role:Researcher
Individual: Courtney Heath
Organization:Florida International University
Position:PhD Student, Environmental Chemistry
Email Address:
cheat009@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1425-5446
Role:Researcher
Individual: Nick Oehm
Organization:Florida International University
Email Address:
oehmn@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-6750
Role:Principal Investigator
Abstract:

In this study, the dataset measured the levels of several different types of PFAS found at 15 water sampling sites. The first step was to determine the water sampling sites. We have selected 15 sites that included waterways leading to Biscayne Bay (freshwater canals), Biscayne Bay directly (marine brackish water), and ocean water (marine salt water). A total of 500 mL of surface water (about 30 cm) was collected in clean polypropylene bottles from each of the 15 sampling sites. The collected samples were first run through a Solid Phase Extraction process (SPE). After concentration in the cartridges, PFAS were eluted with basic methanol, and then dried using a Nitrogen Evaporator. The dried samples were reconstituted to a final volume of 0.5mL. The extracts were then analyzed by Liquid Chromatography- Triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the quantity of each of the different PFAS (ng/L) present in the sample. LC-MS/MS data was processed by the Agilent Software Masshunter. For the Coliform and E. coli colony forming units’ detection, the same 15 water sampling sites were used, and the samples were collected at the same time as the PFAS samples but using autoclaved 500 mL glass bottles. The samples were analyzed by pouring 100 mL of collected water into the wells on a ColiPlate. The 15 plates were incubated for 1 day at 37°C. If the wells on the plates turned from yellowish to blue/green color after the incubation period, this represented a positive indication for Coliforms. If the blue/green well showed fluorescence also, that well was positive for E. coli. The most probable number (MPN) table of colony forming-units per 100mL was used to determine the number of colonies present in each sample. The data collected was part of the BIORETS program.

Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Number:2240593
Title:FIU Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research Program, CE-BIORETS
Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Funder ID:https://ror.org/021nxhr62
Number:2025954
Title:LTER: Coastal Oligotrophic Ecosystem Research
URL:https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2025954&HistoricalAwards=false
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Coastal Oligotrophic Ecosystem Research
Personnel:
Individual: John Kominoski
Address:
Florida International University,
11200 S.W. 8th Street,
Miami, FL 33199 US
Email Address:
jkominos@fiu.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3326
Role:Lead Principal Investigator
Individual: James Fourqurean
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0811-8500
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Evelyn Gaiser
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-4821
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Jennifer Rehage
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-6906
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Individual: Kevin Grove
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-5050
Role:Co-Principal Investigator
Abstract:

Coastal ecosystems like the Florida Everglades provide many benefits and services to society including protection from storms, habitat and food for important fisheries, support of tourism and local economies, filtration of fresh water, and burial and storage of carbon that offsets greenhouse gas emissions. The Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE LTER) program addresses how and why coastal ecosystems and their services are changing. Like many coastal ecosystems, the Florida Everglades has been threatened by diversion of fresh water to support urban and agricultural expansion. At the same time, sea-level rise has caused saltwater intrusion of coastal ecosystems which stresses freshwater species, causes elevation loss, and contaminates municipal water resources. However, restoration of seasonal pulses of fresh water may counteract these threats. Researchers in the FCE LTER are continuing long-term studies and experiments to understand how changes in freshwater supply, sea-level rise, and disturbances like tropical storms interact to influence ecosystems and their services. The science team is guided by a diversity and inclusion plan to attract diverse scientists at all career stages. The team includes resource managers – who use discoveries and knowledge from the FCE LTER to guide effective freshwater restoration – and an active community of academic and agency scientists, teachers and other educators, graduate, undergraduate, and high school students. The project has a robust education and outreach program that engages the research team with the general public to advance science discoveries and protection of coastal ecosystems.

Additional Award Information:
Funder:National Science Foundation
Funder ID:https://ror.org/021nxhr62
Number:2025954
Title:LTER: Coastal Oligotrophic Ecosystem Research
URL:https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2025954&HistoricalAwards=false

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

knb-lter-fce.1275.3: Data collection for this project is complete.

Frequency:notPlanned
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___element 'fetchedFromEDI'
        |     |        \___attribute 'dateFetched' = '2022-12-06'
        |     |        \___attribute 'packageID' = 'FCE Template'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |        \___attribute 'dateImported' = '2022-12-06'
        |     |        \___attribute 'filename' = 'FCE Template.xml'
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Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'nanogramPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'nanogramPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
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        |     |     |___element 'unit' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:unit')
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'ColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'ColonyFormingUnitPer100Milliliter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n               '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description' in ns 'http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.2' ('stmml:description')
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'estimate number of E. coli in a sample that are viable per 100 milliliter'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n            '
        |     |     |___text '\n         '
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |___text '\n   '

Additional Metadata

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