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Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of Precipitation – Monthly Fluxes, Watershed 1, 1963 - present

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-hbr.15.12
Title:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of Precipitation – Monthly Fluxes, Watershed 1, 1963 - present
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in precipitation measured in Watershed 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The solute fluxes in precipitation are calculated as the product of the volume of precipitation and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. Watershed 1 was amended with wollastonite (CaSiO3) in November 1999 to replace the calcium that has been depleted from soil due to inputs of acid rain.

The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term precipitation record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term chemistry record is currently supervised by Emma Rosi (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies) and Emily Bernhardt (Duke University). At present, field samples are collected by Tammy Wooster (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies), chemical analyses are performed by Jeff Merriam (US Forest Service). Data management and archiving is performed by Mary Martin (University of New Hampshire).

Precipitation flux data are provided as part of HBWatER, which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. Currently, this record is supported by NSF LTREB funding (for sample collection and processing), US Forest Service funding (for maintenance of precipitation gauges, analytical chemistry and sample archiving), and LTER (for disposable supplies). The HBWatER supervisory team currently includes Emma Rosi (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies), Emily Bernhardt (Duke University), John Campbell (US Forest Service), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse University), Mark Green (Case Western Reserve University), Bill McDowell (University of New Hampshire), and Lindsey Rustad (US Forest Service).

These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Publication Date:2021-06-21

Time Period
Begin:
1963-08-01
End:
2020-05-31

People and Organizations
Contact:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study [  email ]
Organization:Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER)
Associate:Campbell, John (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Bernhardt, Emily (Duke University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Driscoll, Charles (Syracuse University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Green, Mark (Case Western Reserve University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Likens, Gene (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Principal Investigator)
Associate:McDowell, William (University of New Hampshire, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Rosi, Emma (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Rustad, Lindsey (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Principal Investigator)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
ws1_precip_monthly_flux_gHa
Description:
Watershed 1 monthly precipitation chemistry flux
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/15/12/d195eb2c33ea4b141e2e518f27fd3ec9
Name:ws1_precip_monthly_flux_gHa
Description:Watershed 1 monthly precipitation chemistry flux
Number of Records:682
Number of Columns:27

Table Structure
Object Name:ws1_precip_monthly_flux_gHa.csv
Size:125752 bytes
Authentication:f3309d412cbe562b6a2cab23333cfb26 Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Year  
Month  
Year_Month  
precip_mm  
Ca_flux  
Mg_flux  
K_flux  
Na_flux  
Al_Ferron_flux  
TMAl_flux  
OMAl_flux  
Al_ICP_flux  
NH4_flux  
SO4_flux  
NO3_flux  
Cl_flux  
PO4_flux  
DOC_flux  
TDN_flux  
DON_flux  
SiO2_flux  
Mn_flux  
Fe_flux  
F_flux  
H_flux  
pH_volwt  
SpecCond_volwt  
Definition:YearMonthYear_Monthstreamflowcalcium fluxmagnesium fluxpotassium fluxsodium fluxAluminum by the Ferron orthophenanthroline method fluxTotal Monomeric Aluminum fluxOrganic Monomeric Aluminum fluxtotal dissolved Aluminum analyzed on the ICP fluxammonium fluxsulphate fluxnitrate fluxchloride fluxphosphate fluxdissolved organic carbon fluxtotal dissolved nitrogen fluxdissolved organic nitrogen fluxsilicate fluxmanganese fluxiron fluxfluorine fluxhydrogen fluxpH volume weightedspecific conductivity volume weighted
Storage Type:date  
date  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:dateTimedateTimedateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY
Precision
FormatMM
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM
Precision
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min11.4 
Max362.2 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min8.08 
Max845.58 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min2.38 
Max334.99 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min2.17 
Max830.03 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min5.35 
Max956.19 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max126.19 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max40.63 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max47.2 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max119.5 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min6.07 
Max4011.06 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min96.04 
Max11590.2 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min16.7 
Max5575.18 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min18.865 
Max6912.62 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max3842.16 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min15.86 
Max5030.16 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min76.155 
Max1672.64 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max669.84 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max498.6 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max26.2 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max26.76 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min2.23 
Max84.01 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min2.8872 
Max217.873 
UnitpH
Typereal
Min3.33 
Max5.42 
UnitmicrosiemensPerCentimeter
Typereal
Min-888.888 
Max90.879 
Missing Value Code:      
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Accuracy Report:                                                      
Accuracy Assessment:                                                      
Coverage:                                                      
Methods:                                                      

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabularyprecipitation, rain, snow, flux, ecosystems, forests, watersheds, aluminum, ammonium, calcium, chemistry, chloride, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, magnesium, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silica, sodium, sulfate, total dissolved nitrogen, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, manganese, iron, fluorine, hydrogen, specific conductivity
LTER Core Research Areadisturbance
HBES VocabularyHBR, Hubbard Brook LTER, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, HBES, HBEF, New Hampshire, NH, White Mountain National Forest
National Research & Development TaxonomyEcology, Ecosystems, & Environment

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

The precipitation flux calculation method traditionally used at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest involves multiplying the daily precipitation volume (mm d−1) by the corresponding concentration (mg L-1) of the sample collected at the end of the sampling interval (Buso et al. 2000). Precipitation volume is measured at a network of precipitation gages distributed throughout the area of the experimental watersheds. Volume for individual watersheds is determined by spatial interpolation. Samples for chemical analyses are generally collected on a weekly basis. Ionic fluxes are provided (e.g., NO3 -) rather than element fluxes (e.g., NO3 --N). Daily fluxes are aggregated into the monthly values provided; however daily flux data are available on request by contacting John Campbell (john.campbell2@usda.gov). Please see the chemistry (http://portal.edirepository.orgnis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=208) and precipitation (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=14) metadata for a description of the data used in these calculations. A description of the gaged watersheds and the experimental treatments is provided at https://hubbardbrook.org. Current detection limits for chemical analyses are available at https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=215. Historical detection limits and additional methodological details are provided in Buso et al. 2000

Buso, D. C., G. E. Likens, and J. S. Eaton. 2000. Chemistry of precipitation, streamwater, and lakewater from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: a record of sampling protocols and analytical procedures. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-275. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 52 p.

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source
Continuous precipitation and stream chemistry data, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, 1963 – present.
Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Total Daily Precipitation by Watershed, 1956 - present

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Creators:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER)
Contacts:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
Email Address:
hbr-im@lternet.edu
Associated Parties:
Individual: John Campbell
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Email Address:
john.campbell2@usda.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-1696
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Emily Bernhardt
Organization:Duke University
Email Address:
emily.bernhardt@duke.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-621X
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Charles Driscoll
Organization:Syracuse University
Email Address:
ctdrisco@syr.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-2890
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Mark Green
Organization:Case Western Reserve University
Email Address:
mbg78@case.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-7209
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: William McDowell
Organization:University of New Hampshire
Email Address:
bill.mcdowell@unh.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9047
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Emma Rosi
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
rosie@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-6368
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Lindsey Rustad
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Email Address:
lindsey.rustad@usda.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-2374
Role:Principal Investigator

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1963-08-01
End:
2020-05-31
Geographic Region:
Description:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  43.959286Southern:  43.952053
Western:  -71.731339Eastern:  -71.726311

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:LTREB: Streams to Screens: Bringing the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HB-WatER) into the 21st Century (2019-07-01 to 2024-06-30)
Personnel:
Individual: Emma Rosi
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
rosie@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-6368
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: NSF 1907683
Related Project:
Title:LTREB Renewal at Hubbard Brook: Hydrologic-nutrient cycle interaction in small, undisturbed and human-manipulated ecosystems (2013-03-01 to 2020-02-29)
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1256696
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Manmanipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:11/01/1984; Organization:New York Botanical Garden
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8406632
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research on Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/1983; Organization:New York Botanical Garden
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8341136
Related Project:
Title:Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Undisturbed and Man-Manipulated Watersheds, Part I; Start Date:09/01/1974; Organization:Cornell University
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 7420561
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research on the Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Man-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/1978; Organization:Cornell University
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 7810719
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Human-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/2003
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 315211
Related Project:
Title:Continuation LTREB at Hubbard Brook: Hydrologic-nutrient cycle interaction in small undisturbed and human-manipulated ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/2008
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 814280
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small, Undisturbed and Human-manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:10/01/1993
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9308089
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interactions in Small, Undisturbed and Human-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:10/01/1998
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9806473
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1988)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8702331
Related Project:
Title:Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1992)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9211768
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1998)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9810221
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBR-LTER) (2005)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 0423259
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (2010)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1114804
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Long Term Ecological Research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (2016)
Personnel:
Individual: Gary Lovett
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
lovettg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-8027
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1637685
Related Project:
Title:Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust NA
Related Project:
Title:The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Personnel:
Individual: Gene Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation NA
Related Project:
Title:Hubbard Brook Long Term Hydrological Data Collection
Personnel:
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA Forest Service NA

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'pH'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'pH'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'pH'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
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        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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