Description
This data package contains a 1 m LiDAR-derived digital elevation model
(DEM), a 1 m hydro-enforced DEM, and a filtered 1 m hydro-enforced DEM
covering the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, within the White
Mountain National Forest (WMNF) in central New Hampshire, USA.
The 1 m raster bare earth DEM (dem1m.tif) was interpolated from
returns classified as terrain points by Photo Science, Inc using
automatic classification methods available in TerraScan software. The
LiDAR was collected during leaf-off and snow-free conditions by Photo
Science, Inc. in April 2012 under contract to the WMNF using an Optech
GEMINI Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) at 1,158 meters AGL with a
30% overlap. The scan frequency was 49.3 Hz and a total scan angle of
27 degrees (+13.5 and -13.5 degrees from NADIR) resulting in a
resolution of 0.548 per meter across and along track for average point
spacing of 3 points per square meter.
The 1 m hydro-enforced DEM (hydem1m.tif) was created by removing
raised topography across road widths at bridge and culvert locations.
Bridge and culvert locations were collected with a Trimble GPS unit
equipped with a Trimble Hurricane Antenna. Continuously Operating
Reference Station (CORS) data from the National Geodetic Survey and
Trimble Pathfinder software were used to obtain approximately 1-2 m
horizontal precision after differential corrections.
After removing raised topography, the DEM was treated with a simple
low-pass smoothing filter using a mean filtering technique. Mean
low-pass filtering computes the average elevation value in a 3 × 3
cell neighborhood moving window and applies that value to the cell at
the neighborhood center. Finally, we applied a sink-filling algorithm
developed by (Wang and Liu, 2006) to the filtered DEM
(hydem1mlpns.tif), which is common in hydrologic applications that
require the derivation of flow direction and cell accumulation grids
(Gillin et al., 2015). All digital terrain analyses were conducted
using System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA, version
2.1.0) and ArcGIS© (ArcMap, version 10.5) software.
Gillin, C.P., S.W. Bailey, K.J. McGuire, and S.P. Prisley. 2015.
Evaluation of Lidar-derived DEMs through Terrain Analysis and Field
Comparison. doi: info:doi/10.14358/PERS.81.5.387.
Wang, L., and H. Liu. 2006. An efficient method for identifying and
filling surface depressions in digital elevation models for hydrologic
analysis and modelling. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 20(2): 193–213. doi:
10.1080/13658810500433453.