Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Red spruce foliar response to N, Ca, and N+Ca additions in a plot level study from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest NH, Adirondack State Park, NY and Groton State Forest, VT from 1997-2000.

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-hbr.219.2
Title:Red spruce foliar response to N, Ca, and N+Ca additions in a plot level study from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest NH, Adirondack State Park, NY and Groton State Forest, VT from 1997-2000.
Alternate Identifier:knb-lter-hbr.219
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Plot Level Ca, N, Ca+N Study

Background: Three mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) – balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands with closed canopies from across the northeastern United States were selected to assess the effects of N and Ca additions on forest growth. These sites included Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Big Moose Lake, NY (Adirondack State Park) and Watershed 9 in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH.

Site descriptions can be found in the pdf file included in this dataset. Full site descriptions have been published in Kulmatiski et al, 2007, Nitrogen and calcium additions increase forest growth in northeastern USA spruce–fir forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 1574-1585. This publication also provides more in-depth site and soil descriptions.

In 1992, three replicate 30 m by 30 m plots were randomly assigned to each of four treatment levels: control (control), Ca addition (Ca), N addition (N), or Ca + N addition (Ca + N) in NY and NH (for a total of 12 plots at each site). In VT, only control and Ca treatments were established due to limited space and research goals (for a total of 6 plots). Beginning in July 1992 through July 2000, N amendments (100 kilograms of NH4NO3-N per hectare per year), Ca amendments (80 kilograms of CaSO4-Ca plus 80 kilograms of CaCl2-Ca per hectare per year), and Ca + N (same dosage as separate applications) amendments were hand broadcast as commercial grade salts. Applications were made in June, July, and August to each plot in each year.

SUMMARY: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate changes over time (1997-2000) in foliar metabolism of mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees in response to additions of nitrogen, Ca, or N +Ca supplementation. N was applied as NH4NO3 and Ca was applied as gypsum [CaSO4 .2H2O (2X) + CaCl2 .2H2O (1X)] and Ca + N treatment was a combination of both at the same concentrations Three sites received these treatments; Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Big Moose Lake, NY (Adirondack State Park) and Watershed 9 in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. In NH and NY there were 3 plots for each of the 4 treatments, and in VT there were 3 plots for each of the 2 treatments (control and Ca only). Ten trees were sampled per plot in 1997, 1999, and 2000. Samples were analyzed for perchloric acid (5%) extractable ions, polyamines and amino acids. N-treated spruce foliage had a reduction in Ca and Mg. It was accompanied by significantly higher concentrations of putrescine, proline and γ-aminobutyric acid, all of which are known indicators of a variety of physiological stress factors including ammonia exposure. Ca treatment did not have an effect on inorganic ions and amino acid concentrations, but when added with N it positively modulated the effects of N on tree physiology and ion uptake. We concluded that even in the absence of knowledge about red spruce tolerance limits for nutrients and critical N loads for these sites, metabolic monitoring using a suite of biochemical parameters can be a very useful tool in assessing current forest health. (Unpublished data)

Short Name:MinochaRedSpruce
Publication Date:2020-02-26
Language:English

Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
2009-09-30

People and Organizations
Contact:Information Manager (Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study) [  email ]
Creator:Minocha, Rakesh 
Creator:Long, Stephanie 

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
red spruce foliar amines
Description:
Concentration of amino acids, polyamines, exchangeable ions and chlorophyll in red spruce foliar samples from 3 fertilized sites in the northeastern US.
Other Name:
Site Descriptions
Description:
Project site description for NY, NH, VT study areas
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/219/2/94a68efa5bc70bce2091a7bf2566573a
Name:red spruce foliar amines
Description:Concentration of amino acids, polyamines, exchangeable ions and chlorophyll in red spruce foliar samples from 3 fertilized sites in the northeastern US.
Number of Records:1652
Number of Columns:35

Table Structure
Object Name:redspruce_foliar_fertstudy.csv
Size:391754 byte
Authentication:6e44980f4748a485a89ce6ea012b5b3f Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 SiteNameYearSpeciesAgeClassSampleYypeTreatmentPlotNumTreeNumPutSpdSpmSpd/PutAspGluArgProGABAIleLeuOrnLysExch CaExch KExch MgExch MnExch PExch AlExch FeExch ZnExch NaTot ChloroChloro aChloro bChloro a/bSol Proteins
Column Name:SiteName  
Year  
Species  
AgeClass  
SampleType  
Treatment  
PlotNum  
TreeNum  
Put  
Spd  
Spm  
Spd/Put  
Asp  
Glu  
Arg  
Pro  
GABA  
Ile  
Leu  
Orn  
Lys  
Exch Ca  
Exch K  
Exch Mg  
Exch Mn  
Exch P  
Exch Al  
Exch Fe  
Exch Zn  
Exch Na  
Tot Chloro  
Chloro a  
Chloro b  
Chloro a/b  
Sol Proteins  
Definition:Collection site as designated by name, watershedYear samples were collectedSpecies of treeAge Class of needles collectedType of sample collected & analyzedTreatmentsAssigned Plot numberAssigned Tree number5% PCA (Perchloric Acid) soluble Putrescine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Spermidine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Spermine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)Ratio of Spermidine to Putrescine (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Aspartic Acid by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Glutamic Acid by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Arginine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Proline by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble g-Aminobutyric Acid by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Isoleucine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Leucine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Ornithine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Lysine by HPLC, nmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Ca, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble K, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Mg, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Mn, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble P, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Al, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Fe, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Zn, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)5% PCA soluble Na, by DCP (1997) & ICP, mmol g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)Total Chlorophyll by spectrophotometer, mg g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)Chlorophyll A by spectrophotometer, mg g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)Chlorophyll B by spectrophotometer, mg g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)Ratio of Chlorophyll A to Chlorophyll B (per gram fresh weight)Soluble proteins by spectrophotometer, mg g-1 FW (per gram fresh weight)
Storage Type:string  
date  
string  
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float  
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Measurement Type:nominaldateTimenominalnominalnominalnominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeGroton VT
DefinitionGroton State Forest
Source
Code Definition
CodeHBEF-WS9
DefinitionWatershed 9, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
Source
Code Definition
CodeBig Moose NY
DefinitionMig Moose Lake, Adirondack National Park
Source
FormatYYYY
Precision
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodePicea rubens
DefinitionRed Spruce
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code1-YR
Definition1 Year old growth
Source
Code Definition
CodeCY
DefinitionCurrent year growth
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Codefoliage
DefinitionFoliage is the only sample type for this data set
Source
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeControl
Definitionuntreated plots
Source
Code Definition
CodeCa+N
Definitioncalcium + nitrogen treated plots 100 kg NH4NO3-N + 80 Kg CaSo4-Ca per ha per year
Source
Code Definition
CodeCa
Definitioncalcium amended plots, 80 kilograms of CaSO4-Ca + 80 kilograms of CaCl2-Ca per hectare per year
Source
Code Definition
CodeN
Definitionnitrogen treated plots, 100 kilograms of NH4NO3-N per hectare per year
Source
Definitionany text
Definitionany text
UnitnanomolePerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitnanomolePerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitnanomolePerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
Unitnumber
Precision0.01
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Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitnanomolePerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision1.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision2.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision3.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision4.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision5.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision6.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision7.01
Typereal
UnitmicromolePerGram
Precision8.01
Typereal
UnitmicrogramPerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitmicrogramPerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitmicrogramPerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
Unitnumber
Precision0.01
Typereal
UnitmilligramPerGram
Precision0.01
Typereal
Missing Value Code:                
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Accuracy Report:                                                                      
Accuracy Assessment:                                                                      
Coverage:                                                                      
Methods:                                                                      

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Site Descriptions
Entity Type:otherEntity
Description:Project site description for NY, NH, VT study areas
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:NH-VT-NY_SiteDescriptions.pdf
Size:114460 byte
Authentication:e0d6cee45a68c93bf8a9cb9744bfd7d8 Calculated By MD5
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:pdf file
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/219/2/245886d5a324d63c7877574ba377263a

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem StudyHBEF Watershed 6, HBR, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook LTER
LTER Network Controlled Vocabularyamino acids, biology, chemistry, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, ecosystems, fertilization, forest ecology, plant physiology
LTER Network Core Research Areasdisturbance, inorganic nutrients, populations
ISO 19115 Topic Categorybiota
US Forest Service National Research & Development TaxonomyEcology, Ecosystems, & Environment, Plant ecology

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Extractions: Soluble ions, free PAs and free AAs were extracted from the foliage collected in 5% perchloric acid (PCA) by three cycles of freezing and thawing according to procedures described in (Minocha et al. 2000; Minocha et al. 1994). All samples were stored at -20 ºC until analysis. Separate analyses were performed on the same 5% PCA extract for each individual foliar sample.

Polyamine analysis (1997-2000): Perchloric acid extracts were dansylated and quantified according to the procedure described in Minocha et al. (1990). A PerkinElmer (Norwalk, CT, USA) HPLC system consisting of Series 200 pump, autosampler and, LC 240 fluorescence detector fitted with a 20 µl injection loop (10 µl injection volume) was used for quantification. A Pecosphere – 3 x 3 CR C18, 3 μm, 33 x 4.6 mm I.D. analytical column was used for the separation of PAs. Excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 340 and 510 nm, respectively. A Gilson (Middleton, WI, USA) 712 HPLC System Controller (version 1.2) was used to integrate the data.

Amino Acid analysis (1999-2000): Amino acids data were analyzed starting in 1999 using PCA extracts that were dansylated and quantified according to the procedure described in Minocha and Long (2004) with a PerkinElmer Pecosphere Reduced Activity RP C18, 3µm, 100 x 4.6 mm analytical column.

References:

Exchangeable/5% PCA Soluble Inorganic Ion analysis (1997-2000): Soluble inorganic ions of Ca, Mg, Mn, K, Al and P (defined as the fraction of total ions within cells that is extractable in 5% PCA) were quantified using Environmental Protection Agency method number 66-AE0029 (1986) using a Beckman Spectrospan V ARL DCP ([Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer], Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA) in 1997, and a simultaneous axial Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrophotometer (Vista CCD, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with Vista Pro software (version 4.0) in 1999 and 2000. Supernatants of 3x frozen/ thawed PCA extracts were diluted 100xwith distilled deionized water for estimation of soluble ions.

Minocha R, Long S, Magill A, Aber J, McDowell W. Foliar free polyamine and inorganic ion content in relation to soil and soil solution chemistry in two fertilized forest stands at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts. Plant and Soil. 2000;222:119-37.

Minocha R, Shortle WC, Long SL, Minocha SC. A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 1994;13:187-93.

Minocha SC, Robie CA, Khan AJ, Papa NS, Samuelsen AI, Minocha R. Polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in relation to somatic embryogenesis in carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures. In: Flores HE, Arteca RN, Shannon JC, editors. Polyamines and Ethylene: Biochemistry, Physiology and Interactions: American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1990. p. 339-42.

Minocha R, Long S. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single high-performance liquid chromatography run using dansyl derivatization. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004;1035:63-73.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
Address:
234 Mirror Lake Road,
North Woodstock, NH 03262 United States
Creators:
Individual: Rakesh Minocha
Email Address:
rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Individual: Stephanie Long
Email Address:
stephanie.long2@usda.gov
Contacts:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
Position:Information Manager
Address:
234 Mirror Lake Road,
North Woodstock, NH 03262 United States
Email Address:
hbr-im@lternet.edu
Web Address:
https://hubbardbrook.org

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
2009-09-30
Geographic Region:
Description:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 9
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  43.948246Southern:  43.915962
Western:  -71.758507Eastern:  -71.687683
Sampling Site: 
Description:Adirondack State Park, Big Moose Lake
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -74.853Latitude (degree): 43.849
Sampling Site: 
Description:Groton State Forest
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -72.817Latitude (degree): 44.816

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:Hubbard Brook Metabolic Studies
Personnel:
Individual: Rakesh Minocha
Role:principalInvestigator
Funding:

This work has been funded by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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