Data Package Metadata   View Summary

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Flux Tower Data

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-hbr.241.4
Title:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Flux Tower Data
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Data collected from the Hubbard Brook Flux Tower starting in August 2016 that is also uploaded to the Ameriflux website under site name US-HBK. These data are from a suite of sensors installed on the 110 ft. tower and in the soil adjacent to the tower. Flux data are collected at 10 Hz and are processed into 30-minute time steps using Licor’s Eddy Pro software. Supporting micro-meteorological data are averaged at 30 minute intervals and are included with this data set.

These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Publication Date:2023-01-13
For more information:
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2016-08-25
End:
2022-08-30

People and Organizations
Contact:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study [  email ]
Creator:Kelsey, Eric (Plymouth State University)
Creator:Green, Mark (Case Western Reserve University)
Creator:Evans, Daniel (Plymouth State University)
Creator:Wright, Ellis (Case Western Reserve University)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
Complete_Gap_Filled_HB_Flux_Tower_Set
Description:
Gapfilled flux data
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/241/4/e4b7097ab4edcd4f4d3f3419b0cae613
Name:Complete_Gap_Filled_HB_Flux_Tower_Set
Description:Gapfilled flux data
Number of Records:105408
Number of Columns:68

Table Structure
Object Name:HBR_flux_tower_data_9_2022.csv
Size:50747420 bytes
Authentication:3e84bb8601669d82ff483ff5490ca46a Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:timestamp  
FC  
LE  
H  
G  
NETRAD  
SW_IN  
SW_OUT  
LW_IN  
LW_OUT  
PAR  
USTAR  
WD  
WS  
ZL  
TA_HIGH  
RH_HIGH  
VPD_HIGH  
TA_LOW  
RH_LOW  
VPD_LOW  
SWC_1  
SWC_2  
SWC_3  
SWC_4  
SWP_1  
SWP_2  
SWP_3  
SWP_4  
TSOIL_10.1  
TSOIL_20.1  
TSOIL_30.1  
TSOIL_50.1  
TSOIL_10.2  
TSOIL_20.2  
TSOIL_30.2  
TSOIL_50.2  
TSNOW_10  
TSNOW_20  
TSNOW_30  
TSNOW_40  
TSNOW_50  
TSNOW_60  
TSNOW_70  
TSNOW_80  
TSNOW_90  
TSNOW_100  
TSNOW_110  
TSNOW_120  
TSNOW_130  
TSNOW_140  
TA3  
TA6  
TA9  
TA12  
TA15  
TA18  
TA21  
TA24  
TA27  
TA30  
TSOIL_surf  
DENDRO_1  
DENDRO_2  
DENDRO_3  
DENDRO_4  
DENDRO_5  
DENDRO_6  
Definition:Observation timestampCarbon Dioxide (CO2) turbulent flux (no storage correction)Latent heat turbulent flux (no storage correction)Sensible heat turbulent flux (no storage correction)Soil heat fluxNet radiationShortwave radiation, incomingShortwave radiation, outgoingLongwave radiation, incomingLongwave radiation, outgoingPhotosynthetically active radiationFriction velocityWind directionWind speedMonin-Obukhov StabilityAir temperature 33 meters (cs215)Relative humidity, range 0-100 33 meters (cs215)Vapor Pressure Deficit 33 meters (cs215)Air temperature 1.5 meters (cs215)Relative humidity, range 0-100 1.5 meters (cs215)Vapor Pressure deficit 1.5 meters (cs215)Soil Water Content 10 cm depthSoil Water Content 20 cm depthSoil Water Content 30 cm depthSoil Water Content 50 cm depthSoil Water Potential 10 cm depthSoil Water Potential 20 cm depthSoil Water Potential 30 cm depthSoil Water Potential 50 cm depthSoil temperature from SWC sensor 10cmSoil temperature from SWC sensor 20cmSoil temperature from SWC sensor 30cmSoil temperature from SWC sensor 50cmSoil temperature from SWP sensor 10cmSoil temperature from SWP sensor 20cmSoil temperature from SWP sensor 30cmSoil temperature from SWP sensor 50cmSnow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Snow stack air temperature 10cm (thermistors)Air temperature from 3 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 6 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 9 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 12 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 15 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 18 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 21 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 24 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 27 meters (thermistors)Air temperature from 30 meters (thermistors at snow stack)Soil temp at surface (thermistors)Tree circumferenceTree circumferenceTree circumferenceTree circumferenceTree circumferenceTree circumference
Storage Type:date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:dateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
Precision
UnitmicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Typereal
Min-99.4833 
Max99.7379 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-199.547 
Max699.508 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-882.823 
Max966.062 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-13.985 
Max37.12 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-66.7148 
Max937.1239 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-8.938131 
Max1150.624 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-7.144282 
Max213.7526 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-79.06416 
Max10.31974 
UnitwattPerMeterSquared
Typereal
Min-12.9204 
Max8.007607 
UnitmicromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
Typereal
Min-0.08305699 
Max2162.142 
UnitmetersSquaredPerSecond
Typereal
Min0.0159874 
Max2.22756 
Unitdegree
Typereal
Min0.0308029 
Max359.999 
UnitmeterPerSecond
Typereal
Min0.0106912 
Max12.3105 
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Min-2691.22 
Max1750.32 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.6921 
Max32.2242 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min12.0224 
Max99.998 
Unithectopascal
Typereal
Min8.52568812031995e-06 
Max3.15748114639887 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.3203 
Max31.5652 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min12.1059 
Max99.998 
Unithectopascal
Typereal
Min8.20018123398603e-06 
Max3.29677259642706 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min0.024 
Max0.344 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min0.098 
Max0.458 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min0.082 
Max0.341 
Unitpercent
Typereal
Min0.053 
Max0.194 
Unitkilopascal
Typereal
Min-4172 
Max-10.08 
Unitkilopascal
Typereal
Min-1653 
Max-9.76 
Unitkilopascal
Typereal
Min-1148 
Max-9.33 
Unitkilopascal
Typereal
Min-426.5 
Max-9.08 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min0.008 
Max18.85 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min0.783 
Max17.38 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min1.345 
Max16.65 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min1.91 
Max15.41 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min0.467 
Max18.27 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min1.3 
Max17.4 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min1.783 
Max16.6 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min2.4 
Max15.9 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-16.03 
Max32.89 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.24 
Max31.88 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-64.34 
Max32.03 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.2 
Max30.94 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.22 
Max30.65 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.19 
Max31.09 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-42 
Max30.75 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.17 
Max30.67 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.28 
Max30.42 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.25 
Max31.16 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.23 
Max31.23 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.2 
Max30.65 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.3 
Max30.72 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.26 
Max31.09 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.02 
Max31.57 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.13 
Max31.67 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.12 
Max31.57 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.21 
Max31.73 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.36 
Max31.87 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.25 
Max32.18 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.31 
Max33.55 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.32 
Max32.79 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.41 
Max32.27 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-25.42 
Max32.18 
Unitcelsius
Typereal
Min-0.4745 
Max20.82 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min11.6 
Max12.83 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min12.2 
Max17.66 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min13.23 
Max26.75 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min10.72 
Max19.79 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min9.32 
Max11.13 
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min11.35 
Max17.86 
Missing Value Code:  
Code-9999
ExplNo data available
Code-9999
ExplNo data available
Code-9999
ExplNo data available
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ExplNo data available
Accuracy Report:                                                                                                                                        
Accuracy Assessment:                                                                                                                                        
Coverage:                                                                                                                                        
Methods:                                                                                                                                        

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data (\"Data User\" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabularyecosystems, forests, watersheds, carbon flux, evapotranspiration
LTER Core Research Areadisturbance
HBES VocabularyHBR, Hubbard Brook LTER, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, HBES, HBEF, New Hampshire, NH, White Mountain National Forest, US-HBK, AMERIFLUX, water flux, energy flux
ISO 19115 Topic CategoryclimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
National Research & Development TaxonomyClimate change, Climate change effects, Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Sensors

On top of tower at 110 ft., 20-30 ft above top of canopy:

- Li-7500 open-path gas analyzer (C and H20 flux)

- Gill Windmaster sonic anemometer (3D wind)

- Kipp and Zonen CNR4 net radiometer

- Kipp and Zonen albedometer

- Apogee aspirated shield houses a CS 215 temperature sensor

On ground near tower base:

- 4x CS 655 soil moisture reflectometers and Teros 21 matric potential sensors at 10, 20, 30, and 50 cm

- 2x heat flux stations using 2 Huskeflux heat flux plates and two thermistors at each station

- A vertical profile of shielded air temperature sensors every 3 m from 3 to 30 m

- A vertical profile of snow temperature sensors every 10 cm from 10 to 140 cm above the soil surface.

These sensors are measuring unshielded air temperature when not covered with snow.

- Tree diameter with 6 digital recording dendrometers

Using the AMERIFLUX full dataset output AMERIFLUX defined variable names, we first added more columns to the set by partitioning TIMESTAMP_START into Year, Month, Day (of the month), and Hour columns. For data taken at the half-hour, it was reflected in the Hour column by adding 0.5 to the current hour. We set negative SW_IN and SW_OUT to NA. AT_DIFF is the difference in air temperature at 3 meters and 30 meters.

Gap Filling Methods

For the gap-filling procedure, each variable (LE, H, and FC) was assigned two models, a comprehensive model, and a limited model. The comprehensive model used more variables for prediction than the limited model. This allows for the use of the comprehensive model for predictions, but when some of those variables are not available, to rely on the limited model to make the prediction. For LE, the limited model used: USTAR, G, AT_3, AT_30, AT_DIFF, MONTH, DAY, and HOUR. Note, AT_3 and AT_30 are the air temperatures at 3 and 30 meters respectively. For the LE comprehensive model, the variables used were: AT_DIFF, SW_IN, SW_OUT, LW_IN, LW_OUT, G, VPD, USTAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, YEAR. For H, the limited model used: USTAR, AT_3, AT_30, MONTH DAY, HOUR, YEAR, G, and AT_DIFF. The comprehensive model for H used: USTAR, SW_IN, SW_OUT, LW_IN, LW_OUT, G, AT_DIFF, AT_3, AT_30. The limited model for FC used: USTAR, VPD, G, AT_DIFF, YEAR, MONTH, HOUR, and DAY. The comprehensive model for FC used: USTAR, WD, WS, VPD, SWC_1, SWC_2, NETRAD, SW_IN, SW_OUT, LW_IN, LW_OUT, G, AT_3, AT_30, AT_DIFF, YEAR, MONTH, DAY, and HOUR. Using the listed variables, we randomly split the data set into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets when all the variables' values were available. Then each model was made using the 'randomForest' package in R with the 'randomForest' function. Using the models, we compared their predictions to the testing sets using the Nash-Sutcliffe equilibrium (NSE) value. The predictions were made with the 'predict' function. Finally, the final data set was created using all the predictions from each model. When the comprehensive model had a prediction, it was used over the limited model because the comprehensive models were better predictors according to the NSE. The gap-filled values are labeled in the columns LE_METH, H_METH, and FC_METH indicating which method was used (comprehensive, limited, or measured).

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Eric Kelsey
Organization:Plymouth State University
Email Address:
ekelsey2@plymouth.edu
Individual: Mark Green
Organization:Case Western Reserve University
Email Address:
mbgreen@plymouth.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-7209
Individual: Daniel Evans
Organization:Plymouth State University
Email Address:
dmevans1@plymouth.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-1140
Individual: Ellis Wright
Organization:Case Western Reserve University
Email Address:
enw30@case.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-2715
Contacts:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
Email Address:
hbr-im@lternet.edu

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2016-08-25
End:
2022-08-30
Geographic Region:
Description:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Flux Tower
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  43.9397Southern:  44.9397
Western:  -71.718128Eastern:  -71.718128

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:Hydrological Processes in Northern Forests
Personnel:
Individual: Mark Green
Organization:Case Western Reserve University
Email Address:
mbgreen@plymouth.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-7209
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (NRS) 19-JV-11242307-056
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Long Term Ecological Research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (2016)
Personnel:
Individual: Peter M Groffman
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
groffmanp@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-6255
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1637685

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
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        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'wattPerMeterSquared'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'wattPerMeterSquared'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
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        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'metersSquaredPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'metersSquaredPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'meterPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'meterPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'meterPerSecond'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'micromolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'micromolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'micromolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'hectopascal'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'hectopascal'
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
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        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'millimolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'millimolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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        |     |     |     |     |___text 'millimolePerMole'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'percent'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'percent'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'percent'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

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