Data Package Metadata View Summary

Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios from New Hampshire and Vermont

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

knb-lter-hbr.248.5

Title:

Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios from New Hampshire and Vermont

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

To quantify the effects of tree height and canopy position on delta13C and delta18O of wood cellulose, we sampled 399 trees and saplings of eight species at nine forest stands across New Hampshire and Vermont, along with nearby saplings growing in the open. Samples were collected in 2017-18, and we analyzed the combined alpha-cellulose from growth rings formed in 2013-2017 for each tree.

Carbon data are published in: Vadeboncoeur, M., K. Jennings, A. Ouimette, and H. Asbjornsen. (2020) Correcting tree-ring d13C time series for tree-size effects in eight temperate tree species. Tree Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz138

Publication Date:

2022-08-24

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

2013-01-01

End:

2017-12-31

People and Organizations
Contact:	Hubbard Brook LTER Information Manager [ email ]
Creator:	Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A (University of New Hampshire)
Creator:	Jennings, Katie A (University of New Hampshire)
Creator:	Ouimette, Andrew P (University of New Hampshire)
Creator:	Asbjornsen, Heidi (University of New Hampshire)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	NH_VT_13C_18O_tree_rings
Description:	Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/248/5/4caa99d637f5ac3e3d2583d28260e378
Name:	NH_VT_13C_18O_tree_rings
Description:	Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios
Number of Records:	399
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

NH_VT_13C_18O_tree_rings.csv

Size:

28946 bytes

Authentication:

54a33cc5277c6a6c8a1ba98b7a91ec16 Calculated By MD5

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

\r\n

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:	,
Quote Character:	"

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

tree_id

species

site

dbh_cm

ht_m

crown_class

sample_type

growthrate_mm_y_1

category

d13cp

discrim

ci_ca

iwue

d18op

Definition:

Unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to each sample

Species of sample, coded following the USDA PLANTS database

Location of sampled forest stand

Diameter of the sampled tree at a height of 1.35 meters

Height of the sampled tree

Crown illumination index, assessed following Clark and Clark (1992). Scores are ordinal and range from 1-5.

Indicator for whether the sample was an increment core or a twig . Codes: C = core, T = twig

Radial growth rate, as measured for the 2013-2017 study period. Only measured for core samples.

Category of tree size and crown position for analysis

Stable carbon isotope ratio of combined 2013-2017 cellulose extracted from the sample.

Carbon isotope discrimination relative to the atmosphere, calculated following Farquhar et al. (1982)

The ratio of foliar intracellular CO2 concentration (ci) to the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere (ca). Calculated following Farquhar et al. (1989)

Intrinsic water-use efficiency (the ratio of stomatal conductance to photosynthesis) calculated following Farquhar et al. (1989) and McCarroll and Loader (2004)

Stable oxygen isotope ratio of combined 2013-2017 cellulose extracted from the sample

Storage Type:

string

float

string

float

string

float

Measurement Type:

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

Measurement Values Domain:

Definition

Unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to each sample

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	TSCA
Definition	Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere
Source

Code Definition

Code	PIRU
Definition	Picea rubens Sarg.
Source

Code Definition

Code	PIST
Definition	Pinus strobus L.
Source

Code Definition

Code	ACRU
Definition	Acer rubrum L.
Source

Code Definition

Code	QURU
Definition	Quercus rubra L.
Source

Code Definition

Code	FAGR
Definition	Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
Source

Code Definition

Code	ACSA3
Definition	Acer saccharum Marshall
Source

Code Definition

Code	FRAM2
Definition	Fraxinus americana L.
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	J
Definition	Jones Property, Milton, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	CP
Definition	Cone Pond Watershed, White Mountain National Forest, Thornton, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	TF
Definition	Thompson Farm, Durham, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	BJ
Definition	Blue Job State Forest, Farmington, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	HB
Definition	Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (watershed 3 and adjacent areaa), Woodstock, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	SR
Definition	Sleepers River Research Watershed (watershed 9), Danville, VT
Source

Code Definition

Code	SB
Definition	Saddleback Mountain Property, Deerfield, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	EF
Definition	East Foss Farm, Durham, NH
Source

Code Definition

Code	CW
Definition	College Woods, Durham, NH
Source

Unit	centimeter
Type	real
Min	0
Max	89.1

Unit	meter
Type	real
Min	0.2
Max	33.7

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	1
Definition	Understory very little access to either direct or lateral light
Source

Code Definition

Code	1.5
Definition	Understory with some diffuse light from nearby canopy gaps
Source

Code Definition

Code	2
Definition	Understory with moderate (primarily diffuse) light from nearby canopy gaps
Source

Code Definition

Code	2.5
Definition	Understory with direct lateral light or high diffuse light from nearby canopy gaps, but not direct vertical light
Source

Code Definition

Code	3
Definition	Intermediate: between 10% and 90% of the vertical projection of the crown is exposed to vertical light
Source

Code Definition

Code	4
Definition	Codominant: more than 90% of the vertical projection of the crown is exposed to vertical light
Source

Code Definition

Code	4.5
Definition	Marginal between codominant and dominant
Source

Code Definition

Code	5
Definition	Dominant: fully exposed to vertical light and to lateral light from within a 90-degree inverted cone encompassing the crown
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	C
Definition	core
Source

Code Definition

Code	T
Definition	twig
Source

Unit	millimetersPerYear
Type	real
Min	0.083
Max	6.554

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	U
Definition	Intermediate, mid-canopy and understory trees growing in closed-canopy stands (crown classes 1-3), which are too large to count as saplings (DBH > 4 cm)
Source

Code Definition

Code	C
Definition	Co-dominant or dominant trees growing in closed-canopy stands (crown classes 4 and 5)
Source

Code Definition

Code	US
Definition	Understory saplings (crown classes 1-3; DBH < 4 cm)
Source

Code Definition

Code	LSX
Definition	Saplings growing in bedrock crevices in an open ledge environment. These samples were collected for qualitative comparison only, and are excluded from analyses.
Source

Code Definition

Code	OSX
Definition	One T. canadensis sampled in a small clearcut at Thompson Farm. Because we found no open-grown T. canadensis saplings of comparable size to those sampled for other species, this tree was excluded from analysis but is reported for qualitative comparison or inclusion in larger datasets.
Source

Code Definition

Code	SSX
Definition	Intermediate, mid-canopy and understory trees growing in closed-canopy stands (crown classes 1-3), which are too large to count as saplings (DBH > 4 cm)
Source

Code Definition

Code	OS
Definition	Open-grown saplings (crown classes 4 and 5; DBH < 4 cm)
Source

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	-33.352
Max	-21.928

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	13.79
Max	25.772

Unit	dimensionless
Type	real
Min	0.3312
Max	0.7475

Unit	micromolesPerMole
Type	real
Min	23.15
Max	149.85

Unit	permil
Type	real
Min	22.28
Max	30.06

Missing Value Code:

Code	NA
Expl	NA Indicates a value was not obtained

Code	-99.99
Expl	no data available

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Core Research Area	primary production
National Research & Development Taxonomy	Climate change effects, Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
HBES Vocabulary	water-use efficiency, carbon isotopes, ecophysiology, carbon fertilization, subcanopy gradients, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	carbon, isotopes, wood, celllulose, tree rings
Project Thesaurus	Sleepers River Waterhsed, Thompson Farm, Cone Pond Watershed, New Hampshire, Vermont
(No thesaurus)	oxygen isotopes

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Tree core samples were collected in 2017-18 from eight common northeastern U.S. tree species which have some degree of shade tolerance in the sapling stage. Sampled stands were all naturally regenerated, fairly mature secondary forests with a closed canopy and no evidence of stand-scale disturbance in the past 30 years. To reduce variation in water status unrelated to tree size, we sampled in flat or mid-slope positions, avoiding microsites with unusually high or low soil moisture.

Our sampling methods were adapted from Brienen et al. (2017). Across all size classes present in each stand, we sampled trees of representative canopy position, health, and vigor for their size. We avoided sampling trees with evidence of a substantial recent change in canopy position. Some samples were collected in or near single-tree natural canopy gaps, but we avoided forest edges and multi-tree gaps. Sapwood samples were collected with a 4.3 mm-diameter increment borer, to a depth of at most 5 cm. One sample was collected per tree, at approximately 30 cm height, to minimize the effects of sampling on timber value and hydraulic function. The height of sampling on parts of the bole below well all live branches is not thought to systematically affect wood delta13Cp (Leavitt, 2010).

Diameter at breast height and canopy position were recorded for each sampled tree. The height of each sampled tree was measured from at least two vantage points using a Haglof Vertex IV hypsometer. Crown illumination categories were adapted from Clark and Clark (1992), with a greater focus placed on diffuse light below the canopy, due to the latitude of our study sites. These categories reflect judgements about summer mid-day illumination conditions, regardless of the season in which sampling occurred.

In stands where we could find them, saplings (defined here as any tree less than 4 cm DBH but at least 5 years old) were also included in the analysis, by collecting 5-year old twig segments from the upper, middle, and lower third of the crown. Twig segments were aged by counting terminal bud scars. Bark was removed before drying, and lengths proportional to the total 2013 growth of each twig segment were composited for processing.

For most species, additional twig samples were taken opportunistically from saplings growing nearby in fully illuminated conditions (in recent clearcuts, utility rights-of-way, and clearings around meteorological stations). These samples are intended to help separate the direct effect of size from those of canopy position, and to represent the initial growth conditions of trees that regenerated following canopy-removing disturbance. A small number of young saplings were also sampled in a recent strip-cut partial harvest at the Jones site, to provide comparable data for saplings with an intermediate light environment (no canopy directly overhead, but nearby trees greater than 20 m tall providing shade for much of the day regardless).

After air-drying samples, growth rings from 2013-17 were identified, measured on a sliding-stage micrometer under 10-40X magnification, and separated with a razor blade from bark and older wood. Core and twig samples were extracted to alpha-cellulose using a Jayme-Wise procedure adapted from Leavitt and Danzer (1993) by Gregg and Brooks (2003). Homogenized samples were analyzed for delta13C on an Isoprime IRMS at the University of New Hampshire Instrumentation Center. Median delta13C precision (difference between duplicates) of 15 samples analyzed in duplicate was 0.03 per mil (maximum 0.23 per mil).

We calculated 13C discrimination and intrinsic water use efficiency for each sample following Farquhar et al. (1982, 1989) and McCarroll and Loader (2004), without attempting to account for post-photosynthetic C fractionation. For these calculations, we assumed that the atmospheric CO2 concentration was 401 ppm and the delta13C of the atmosphere was -8.44 per mil, which are the mean values observed at Mauna Loa in 2015 (Keeling et al., 2017; Scripps CO2 Program, 2019).

A subset of 80 stored samples (~20% of the total) spanning a range of sizes and canopy positions were later selected for analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios to enable a parallel analysis on an additional stable isotope system. Analyses were run at Washington State University on a TC/EA and Delta XP mass spectrometer.

Brienen, R.J.W., Gloor, E., Clerici, S., Newton, R., Arppe, L., Boom, A., Bottrell, S., Callaghan, M., Heaton, T., Helama, S., Helle, G., Leng, M.J., Mielikainen, K., Oinonen, M., Timonen, M., 2017. Tree height strongly affects estimates of water-use efficiency responses to climate and CO2 using isotopes. Nat. Commun. 8, 288. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00225-z Clark, D.A., Clark, D.B., 1992. Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest. Ecol. Monogr. 62, 315-344. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937114 Farquhar, G.D., Ehleringer, J.R., Hubick, K.T., 1989. Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40, 503-537. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.002443 Farquhar, G.D., O'Leary, M.H., Berry, J.A., 1982. On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 9, 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9820121 Gregg, J., Brooks, R., 2003. Operating procedures for holocellulose and alpha-cellulose extraction. US EPA Integrated Stable Isotope Research Facility, Corvallis, OR. Keeling, R.F., Graven, H.D., Welp, L.R., Resplandy, L., Bi, J., Piper, S.C., Sun, Y., Bollenbacher, A., Meijer, H.A.J., 2017. Atmospheric evidence for a global secular increase in carbon isotopic discrimination of land photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 201619240. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619240114 Leavitt, S.W., 2010. Tree-ring C-H-O isotope variability and sampling. Sci. Total Environ. 408, 5244-5253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.057 Leavitt, S.W., Danzer, S.R., 1993. Method for batch processing small wood samples to holocellulose for stable-carbon isotope analysis. Anal. Chem. 65, 87-89. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00049a017 McCarroll, D., Loader, N.J., 2004. Stable isotopes in tree rings. Quat. Sci. Rev. 23, 771-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.017 Scripps CO2 Program, 2019. Scripps Institution of Oceanography [WWW Document]. URL http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/mlo.html

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Individual:

Matthew A Vadeboncoeur

Organization:

University of New Hampshire

Email Address:

matt.vad@unh.edu

Individual:

Katie A Jennings

Organization:

University of New Hampshire

Email Address:

katie.jennings@unh.edu

Individual:

Andrew P Ouimette

Organization:

University of New Hampshire

Email Address:

andrew.ouimette@unh.edu

Individual:

Heidi Asbjornsen

Organization:

University of New Hampshire

Email Address:

heidi.asbjornsen@unh.edu

Contacts:

Organization:

Hubbard Brook LTER Information Manager

Email Address:

hbr-im@lternet.edu

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2013-01-01

End:

2017-12-31

Geographic Region:

Description:

New Hampshire and Vermont

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	44.5	Southern:	43.1
Western:	-72.2	Eastern:	-70.9

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Value:

Acer rubrum

Classification:

Rank Value:

Acer saccharum

Classification:

Rank Value:

Fagus grandifolia

Classification:

Rank Value:

Fraxinus americana

Classification:

Rank Value:

Picea rubens

Classification:

Rank Value:

Pinus strobus

Classification:

Rank Value:

Quercus rubra

Classification:

Rank Value:

Tsuga canadensis

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Collaborative Research: Forest Water Use and the Influence of Acid Deposition

Personnel:

Individual:

Matthew A Vadeboncoeur

Organization:

University of New Hampshire

Email Address:

matt.vad@unh.edu

Role:

Principal Investigator

Funding:

NSF EAR-1562127

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	complete
Frequency:

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'micromolesPerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'micromolesPerMole'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'permil'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'permil'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'millimetersPerYear'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'millimetersPerYear'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios from New Hampshire and Vermont

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios from New Hampshire and Vermont

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata