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Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of Streamwater – Monthly Fluxes, Watershed 1, 1963 - present

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-hbr.3.21
Title:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of Streamwater – Monthly Fluxes, Watershed 1, 1963 - present
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in stream water measured in watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in stream water are calculated as the product of the volume of stream water and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.

These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Publication Date:2021-08-05

Time Period
Begin:
1963-06-01
End:
2020-05-31

People and Organizations
Contact:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study [  email ]
Organization:Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER)
Associate:Campbell, John L (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Bernhardt, Emily S (Duke University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Driscoll, Charles T (Syracuse University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Green, Mark B (Case Western Reserve University, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Likens, Gene E (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Principal Investigator)
Associate:McDowell, William H (University of New Hampshire, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Rosi, Emma J (Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Rustad, Lindsey E (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Principal Investigator)
Associate:Bailey, Scott W (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Principal Investigator)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
ws1_stream_monthly_flux_gHa
Description:
Watershed 1 monthly stream chemistry flux
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-hbr/3/21/520d38828fe2356314e51008a5059dd4
Name:ws1_stream_monthly_flux_gHa
Description:Watershed 1 monthly stream chemistry flux
Number of Records:684
Number of Columns:29

Table Structure
Object Name:ws1_stream_monthly_flux_gHa.csv
Size:157934 bytes
Authentication:8cbe952c6853966657d328efdcc7a32e Calculated By MD5
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Year  
Month  
Year_Month  
flow_mm  
Ca_flux  
Mg_flux  
K_flux  
Na_flux  
Al_Ferron_flux  
TMAl_flux  
OMAl_flux  
Al_ICP_flux  
NH4_flux  
SO4_flux  
NO3_flux  
Cl_flux  
PO4_flux  
DOC_flux  
TDN_flux  
DON_flux  
DIC_flux  
SiO2_flux  
Mn_flux  
Fe_flux  
F_flux  
H_flux  
pH_volwt  
SpecCond_volwt  
ANC_volwt  
Definition:YearMonthYear_Monthstreamflowcalcium fluxmagnesium fluxpotassium fluxsodium fluxAluminum by the Ferron orthophenanthroline method fluxTotal Monomeric Aluminum fluxOrganic Monomeric Aluminum fluxtotal dissolved Aluminum analyzed on the ICP fluxammonium fluxsulphate fluxnitrate fluxchloride fluxphosphate fluxdissolved organic carbon fluxtotal dissolved nitrogen fluxdissolved organic nitrogen fluxdissolved inorganic carbon fluxsilicate fluxmanganese fluxiron fluxfluorine fluxhydrogen fluxpH volume weightedspecific conductivity volume weightedacid neutralizing capacity volume weighted
Storage Type:date  
date  
date  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:dateTimedateTimedateTimeratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
FormatYYYY
Precision
FormatMM
Precision
FormatYYYY-MM
Precision
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Min0 
Max425.808 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max7157.3151 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max1678.26535 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max1677.73025 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max2922.58145 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typenatural
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.3314 
Max433.4777 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.12295 
Max192.58425 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.81565 
Max727.36575 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max92.6521 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max19508.9955 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max17173.1655 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max2515.63055 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max21.2844 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min15.9261 
Max11605.134 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.4376 
Max3554.3496 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.54445 
Max544.0692 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max2260.5924773045 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max18673.8315 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max95.9486 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max16.1045 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0.2778 
Max118.3311 
UnitgramsPerHectare
Typereal
Min0 
Max138.7283 
UnitpH
Typereal
Min4.33 
Max6.13 
UnitmicrosiemensPerCentimeter
Typereal
Min9.61 
Max37.68 
UnitmicroequivalentPerLiter
Typereal
Min-19.91 
Max32.75 
Missing Value Code:      
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Code-888.88
Explno data available
Accuracy Report:                                                          
Accuracy Assessment:                                                          
Coverage:                                                          
Methods:                                                          

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabularystreams, flux, ecosystems, forests, watersheds, acid neutralizing capacity, aluminum, ammonium, calcium, chemistry, chloride, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, magnesium, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silica, sodium, streamflow, sulfate, total dissolved nitrogen, disturbance, fluorine, iron, hydrogen, manganese, specific conductivity
LTER Core Research Areadisturbance, inorganic nutrients
HBES VocabularyHBR, Hubbard Brook LTER, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, HBES, HBEF, New Hampshire, NH, White Mountain National Forest
National Research & Development TaxonomyEcology, Ecosystems, & Environment
ISO 19115 Topic Categoryenvironment

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

The stream flux calculation method traditionally used at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is a period-weighted approach that involves multiplying the chemical concentration (mg L−1) for each sample date by the daily stream flow (mm d−1) for that day. For days between sampling dates, the average of the previous and subsequent concentrations is multiplied by the daily streamflow (Buso et al. 2000). Samples for chemical analyses are generally collected on a weekly basis. Ionic fluxes are provided (e.g., NO3 -) rather than element fluxes (e.g., NO3 --N). Daily fluxes are aggregated into the monthly values provided; however daily flux data are available on request by contacting John Campbell (john.campbell2@usda.gov). Please see the chemistry (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=208) and streamflow (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=2) metadata for a description of the data used in these calculations. A description of the gaged watersheds and the experimental treatments can be found at https://hubbardbrook.org. Current detection limits for chemical analyses are available at https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=215. Historical detection limits and additional methodological details are provided in Buso et al. 2000

Buso, D. C., G. E. Likens, and J. S. Eaton. 2000. Chemistry of precipitation, streamwater, and lakewater from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: a record of sampling protocols and analytical procedures. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-275. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 52 p.

Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source
Continuous precipitation and stream chemistry data, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, 1963 – present.
Description:

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices.

This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

Data Source
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 - present

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@environmentaldatainitiative.org
Web Address:
https://environmentaldatainitiative.org
Creators:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER)
Contacts:
Organization:Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
Email Address:
hbr-im@lternet.edu
Associated Parties:
Individual: John L Campbell
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Email Address:
john.campbell2@usda.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-1696
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Emily S Bernhardt
Organization:Duke University
Email Address:
emily.bernhardt@duke.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-621X
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Charles T Driscoll
Organization:Syracuse University
Email Address:
ctdrisco@syr.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-2890
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Mark B Green
Organization:Case Western Reserve University
Email Address:
mbg78@case.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-7209
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: William H McDowell
Organization:University of New Hampshire
Email Address:
bill.mcdowell@unh.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9047
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Emma J Rosi
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
rosie@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-6368
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Lindsey E Rustad
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Email Address:
lindsey.rustad@usda.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-2374
Role:Principal Investigator
Individual: Scott W Bailey
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Email Address:
scott.bailey@usda.gov
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X
Role:Principal Investigator

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1963-06-01
End:
2020-05-31
Geographic Region:
Description:Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  43.959286Southern:  43.952053
Western:  -71.731339Eastern:  -71.726311

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:LTREB: Streams to Screens: Bringing the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HB-WatER) into the 21st Century (2019-07-01 to 2024-06-30)
Personnel:
Individual: Emma J Rosi
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
rosie@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-6368
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: NSF 1907683
Related Project:
Title:LTREB Renewal at Hubbard Brook: Hydrologic-nutrient cycle interaction in small, undisturbed and human-manipulated ecosystems (2013-03-01 to 2020-02-29)
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1256696
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Manmanipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:11/01/1984; Organization:New York Botanical Garden
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8406632
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research on Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/1983; Organization:New York Botanical Garden
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8341136
Related Project:
Title:Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Undisturbed and Man-Manipulated Watersheds, Part I; Start Date:09/01/1974; Organization:Cornell University
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 7420561
Related Project:
Title:Collaborative Research on the Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Man-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/1978; Organization:Cornell University
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 7810719
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small Undisturbed and Human-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/2003
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 315211
Related Project:
Title:Continuation LTREB at Hubbard Brook: Hydrologic-nutrient cycle interaction in small undisturbed and human-manipulated ecosystems; Start Date:09/01/2008
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 814280
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-nutrient Cycle Interaction in Small, Undisturbed and Human-manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:10/01/1993
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9308089
Related Project:
Title:LTREB: Collaborative Research: Hydrologic-Nutrient Cycle Interactions in Small, Undisturbed and Human-Manipulated Ecosystems; Start Date:10/01/1998
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9806473
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1988)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy J Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 8702331
Related Project:
Title:Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1992)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy J Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9211768
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1998)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy J Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 9810221
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBR-LTER) (2005)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy J Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 0423259
Related Project:
Title:Long-Term Ecological Research at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (2010)
Personnel:
Individual: Timothy J Fahey
Organization:Cornell University
Email Address:
tjf5@cornell.edu
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1162
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1114804
Related Project:
Title:LTER: Long Term Ecological Research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (2016)
Personnel:
Individual: Gary M Lovett
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
lovettg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-8027
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) 1637685
Related Project:
Title:Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust NA
Related Project:
Title:The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Personnel:
Individual: Gene E Likens
Organization:Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Email Address:
likensg@caryinstitute.org
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-2726
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation NA
Related Project:
Title:Hubbard Brook Long Term Hydrological Data Collection
Personnel:
Organization:USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Role:Principal Investigator
Funding: USDA Forest Service NA

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:ongoing
Frequency:
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
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        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'microsiemensPerCentimeter'
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        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'microequivalentPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'microequivalentPerLiter'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
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        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
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        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'gramsPerHectare'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'gramsPerHectare'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'gramsPerHectare'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'pH'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'pH'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = ''
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = ''
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'pH'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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