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Grass exposure, mesquite height, and plant greenness, Jornada Basin LTER, July and September, 2019

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-jrn.210539001.1
Title:Grass exposure, mesquite height, and plant greenness, Jornada Basin LTER, July and September, 2019
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Two large wind storms in March and April, 2019 caused severe erosion and exposed the roots of many grass patches in the wind-erodible "sand sheet" of the Jornada LTER. These data are from these wind-affected areas. Field transect measurements of grass cover (line-point intercept, grass plants with exposed roots (1-m belt transect), grass plants with green shoots (1-m belt transect), mesquite (PRGL) height (maximum height of cord on transect for each individual) for 18 transects in the sandy loam "sand sheet" geomorphic surface of Jornada. Also included are histograms of UAV-based measurements of green chromatic coordinate (GCC) and grass patch size (cm2) for individual grass patches within each 1-m belt transect.

Publication Date:2022-07-21
Language:English
For more information:
Visit: https://jrn.lternet.edu
Visit: DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period
Begin:
2019-07-01
End:
2019-09-30

People and Organizations
Contact:Information Manager (Jornada Basin LTER) [  email ]
Creator:Payne, Sarah (University of California Los Angeles)
Creator:Okin, Gregory S (University of California Los Angeles)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
Vegetation cover data
Description:
Vegetation cover data
Data Table Name:
ROI Green area histogram data
Description:
ROI Green area histogram data
Data Table Name:
ROI Grass patch size histogram data
Description:
ROI Grass patch size histogram data
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-jrn/210539001/1/84d60280e25ee73f723a0fa879e8fc4a
Name:Vegetation cover data
Description:Vegetation cover data
Number of Records:18
Number of Columns:12

Table Structure
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Table Column Descriptions
 sitetransect_start_lontransect_start_lattransect_end_lontransect_end_latjuly_grass_covjuly_frac_exposedjuly_frac_greensjuly_prgl_htsept_grass_covsep_frac_exposedsep_frac_greens
Column Name:site  
transect_start_lon  
transect_start_lat  
transect_end_lon  
transect_end_lat  
july_grass_cov  
july_frac_exposed  
july_frac_greens  
july_prgl_ht  
sept_grass_cov  
sep_frac_exposed  
sep_frac_greens  
Definition:SiteTransect Start LongitudeTransect Start LatitudeTransect Stop LongitudeTransect Stop LatitudeJULY Grass CoverJULY Fraction Plants with Exposed Roots JULY Fraction Plants with Green ShootsJULY PRGL HeightSEPTEMBER Grass CoverSEPTEMBER Fraction Plants with Exposed Roots SEPTEMBER Fraction Plants with Green Shoots
Storage Type:string  
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Measurement Type:nominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionany text
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Unitfraction
Typereal
Missing Value Code:                
CodeNA
ExplMissing value - data not collected or otherwise unavailable
      
Accuracy Report:                        
Accuracy Assessment:                        
Coverage:                        
Methods:                        

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-jrn/210539001/1/992abc349c4f47b09032b8d5ba8dfa95
Name:ROI Green area histogram data
Description:ROI Green area histogram data
Number of Records:101
Number of Columns:7

Table Structure
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Size:2197 byte
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Table Column Descriptions
 gcc_binlow_cover_pdfmed_cover_pdfhigh_cover_pdflow_cover_cdfmed_cover_cdfhigh_cover_cdf
Column Name:gcc_bin  
low_cover_pdf  
med_cover_pdf  
high_cover_pdf  
low_cover_cdf  
med_cover_cdf  
high_cover_cdf  
Definition:Green Chromatic Coordinate (unitless) binlow-cover sites PDFmedium-cover sites PDFhigh-cover sites PDFlow-cover sites CDFmedium-cover sites CDFhigh-cover sites CDF
Storage Type:float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:ratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
Unitdimensionless
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Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Missing Value Code:              
Accuracy Report:              
Accuracy Assessment:              
Coverage:              
Methods:              

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-jrn/210539001/1/5ff337847c7c53d709ac62be2a3cb2ad
Name:ROI Grass patch size histogram data
Description:ROI Grass patch size histogram data
Number of Records:3001
Number of Columns:7

Table Structure
Object Name:JRN539001_gpatch_size_hist.csv
Size:102586 byte
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Table Column Descriptions
 grass_patch_sizelow_cover_pdfmed_cover_pdfhigh_cover_pdflow_cover_cdfmed_cover_cdfhigh_cover_cdf
Column Name:grass_patch_size  
low_cover_pdf  
med_cover_pdf  
high_cover_pdf  
low_cover_cdf  
med_cover_cdf  
high_cover_cdf  
Definition:Grass patch size (cm^2) binlow-cover sites PDFmedium-cover sites PDFhigh-cover sites PDFlow-cover sites CDFmedium-cover sites CDFhigh-cover sites CDF
Storage Type:float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
float  
Measurement Type:ratioratioratioratioratioratioratio
Measurement Values Domain:
UnitcentimeterSquared
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Unitdimensionless
Typereal
Missing Value Code:              
Accuracy Report:              
Accuracy Assessment:              
Coverage:              
Methods:              

Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Core Research Areasdisturbance, land use and land cover change
LTER Controlled Vocabulary v1aerial imagery, deserts, erosion, grasses, plant cover, plant height, roots, shrubs, storms, vegetation, wind
noneMesquite , Prosopsis glandulosa , UAV, drone, sUAS, unmanned aircraft
Jornada Basin LTER dataset keywordsAeolian (Wind Related)
Jornada Basin project namesstudy 539
Jornada Basin place namesSand sheet

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Field methods

Measurements were made in July and again in September 2019, which is typically near peak annual biomass in the region (Huenneke et al. 2002).

Vegetation cover

We recorded vegetation cover (grass+shrub vs litter+soil) using line point intercept (LPI) measurements along the transects at every half meter. Start and stop lat/lon coordinates for these transect are included with the dataset.

Mesquite (PRGL) height

The height of shrubs that intersected the LPI transects were measured using the disk-drop method (Li et al. 2013).

Grass root exposure and green shoots

A belt transect was centered along the same transect tape as LPI to characterize patterns of root exposure recording a grass if it was within 50-cm from the transect. Grasses with overlapping canopies were considered a single patch because they function as a single roughness element for the wind. For each patch, we noted if a grass had any green shoots and whether roots were exposed.

UAV Imagery

Between September 5th and 12th, 2019, we captured high resolution aerial imagery of the transects. We flew a Phantom 4 quadcopter (DJI, Shenzen, China), over the established 18 transects at a height of 10-m with 80% overlap between each flight path. Flights were between 10 AM to 2 PM to establish similar lighting conditions and limit canopy shadow.

UAV data reduction

Approximately 120 images per transect were collected to generate orthomosaics of 3.5 mm/pixel resolution using PhotoScan (Agisoft Metashape Pro 1.6). In ENVI 5.5 (L3Harris Geospatial, Boulder, CO), we placed region of interest (ROI) polygons covering every grass patch within one meter of the transect tape, which was visible in the orthomosaic. These ROIs were used to estimate grass cover. For each ROI, we calculated the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC):

$GCC = \frac{DN_{green}}{DN_{red} + DN_{green} + DN_{blue}}$

where DN is the digital number for each of the three color channels (red, green, and blue) (Richardson et al. 2007). The GCC is a greenness index that is a measure of the proportion of the reflected light that is green, irrespective of total amount of visible light reflected (i.e., irrespective of total brightness)

References

Huenneke, L. F., J. P. Anderson, M. Remmenga, and W. H. Schlesinger. 2002. Desertification alters patterns of aboveground net primary production in Chihuahuan ecosystems. Global Change Biology 8:247-264.

Li, J., G. S. Okin, J. E. Herrick, J. Belnap, M. E. Miller, K. Vest, and A. E. Draut. 2013. Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 118:288-306.

Richardson, A. D., J. P. Jenkins, B. H. Braswell, D. Y. Hollinger, S. V. Ollinger, and M. L. Smith. 2007. Use of digital webcam images to track spring green-up in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Oecologia 152:323-334.

People and Organizations

Publishers:
Organization:Environmental Data Initiative
Email Address:
info@edirepository.org
Web Address:
https://edirepository.org
Id:https://ror.org/0330j0z60
Creators:
Individual: Sarah Payne
Organization:University of California Los Angeles
Individual: Gregory S Okin
Organization:University of California Los Angeles
Id:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-3537
Contacts:
Organization:Jornada Basin LTER
Position:Information Manager
Phone:
575-322-2430
Email Address:
jornada.data@nmsu.edu
Web Address:
https://lter.jornada.nmsu.edu/information-management/
Metadata Providers:
Organization:Jornada Basin LTER
Position:Jornada Basin LTER program
Address:
P.O. Box 30003; MSC 3JER New Mexico State University,
Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 USA
Email Address:
jornada.lter@nmsu.edu
Web Address:
https://lter.jornada.nmsu.edu
Id:https://ror.org/pending

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2019-07-01
End:
2019-09-30
Geographic Region:
Description:Sand Sheet: Study occurred in the sand sheet geomorphic zone in the Jornada Basin. More precise geographic coordinates for this study may be requested from the JRN LTER Data Manager (jornada.data@nmsu.edu).
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  32.752157Southern:  32.611234
Western:  -106.844154Eastern:  -106.601697

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:Jornada Basin LTER
Personnel:
Individual:Dr. Niall Hanan
Address:
P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER,
New Mexico State University,
Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 United States
Phone:
575-646-3335 (voice)
Email Address:
nhanan@nmsu.edu
Role:Principal Investigator
Abstract:

The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program is part of a national network of long-term ecological research sites funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF). The Jornada LTER program has been continuously funded since 1982 to develop general principles governing changes between grassland and shrubland ecosystems based on long-term data collected in the Chihuahuan Desert. We translate our findings to dryland ecosystems around the world, and forecast the dynamics of future ecosystem states in response to changing climate and land use.

Funding:

JRN LTER is funded by the National Science Foundation under award DEB 2025166.

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:complete
Frequency:notPlanned
Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

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