Data Package Metadata View Summary

Quercus spp Tree Ring Isotopes, Midwest US

General Information

Data Package:
Local Identifier:	msb-paleon.34.2
Title:	Quercus spp Tree Ring Isotopes, Midwest US
Alternate Identifier:	DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:	Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20thcentury, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The isotope data from this package corresponds to tree ring data archived in msb-paleon packages 35-43. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2019

People and Organizations
Contact:	Peters, Jody (University of Notre Dame)
Contact:	McLachlan, Jason (University of Notre Dame)
Creator:	Heilman, Kelly (University of Arizona)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	d13C_iWUE_clean.csv
Description:	Delta 13 C stable isotope fractionation data for sites in the Upper Midwest, US

Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table


Data:	https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/msb-paleon/34/2/2b0c82f4d8e2bc7e95fb7d62b4fceab1
Name:	d13C_iWUE_clean.csv
Description:	Delta 13 C stable isotope fractionation data for sites in the Upper Midwest, US
Number of Records:	711
Number of Columns:	14

Table Structure

Object Name:

d13C_iWUE_clean.csv

Size:

62478 byte

Text Format:

Number of Header Lines:

Record Delimiter:

#x0A

Orientation:

column

Simple Delimited:

Field Delimiter:

Table Column Descriptions

Column Name:

RowID

site

year

d.13C.12C

d13C_12C_corr

d13atm

ppm

Cor.d13C.suess

iWUE

RWI

DBH

SpecCode

ageclass

Definition:

This is the rowID automatically added when using R to save the csv file.

Abbreviation of site names

year of isotope measurement

tree unique identifier that corresponds with the identification names found in the "short" column of the plot data for msp-paleon packages 35-43

Kelly fill in

measured d13C values, standard corrected (units: per mil VPDB)

d13C values estimate for the atmosphere used to estimate, and correct for the Suess effect, as in (McCarroll and Loader 2004). (units: per mil VPDB)

Atmospheric CO2 concentration in that year (ppm), determined from the composite Mauna Loa & Ice core records (Keeling et al. 2001). (units: ppm)

d13C values corrected for the Suess effect (units: per mil VPDB)

Intrinsic water use efficiency calculated from the Cor.d13C.suess values

Ring width for that year (units: mm)

diameter at breast height of tree cored that the tree rings come from (units: cm)

four letter species code

whether the year and individual is classified as modern (after 1950) or past (before 1950)

Storage Type:

Measurement Type:

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

ratio

nominal

Measurement Values Domain:

Unit	dimensionless
Type	natural

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	BON
Definition	Bonanza Prairie Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	GLA
Definition	Glacial Park, McHenry County Conservation District, IL
Source

Code Definition

Code	GLL2
Definition	Site 2 Glacial Lakes State Park, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	MOU
Definition	Mound Prairie Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	UNC
Definition	Uncas Dunes Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	AVO
Definition	Avon Hills Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	ENG
Definition	Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	GLL1
Definition	Site 1 Glacial Lakes State Park, MN
Source

Code Definition

Code	GLL3
Definition	Site 3 Glacial Lakes State Park, MN
Source

Unit	nominalYear
Type	natural

Definition

tree unique identifier that corresponds with the identification names found in the "short" column of the plot data for msp-paleon packages 35-43

Unit	per mil VPDB
Type	real

Unit	per mil VPDB
Type	real

Unit	per mil VPDB
Type	real

Unit	ppm
Type	real

Unit	per mil VPDB
Type	real

Unit	dimensionless
Type	natural

Unit	millimeter
Type	real

Unit	centimeter
Type	real

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	QUMA
Definition	Quercus macrocarpa
Source

Code Definition

Code	QUAL
Definition	Quercus alba
Source

Code Definition

Code	QUVE
Definition	Quercus velutina
Source

Code Definition

Code	QURU
Definition	Quercus rubra
Source

Allowed Values and Definitions

Enumerated Domain

Code Definition

Code	Past
Definition	tree is classified as before 1950
Source

Code Definition

Code	NA
Definition	not applicable
Source

Code Definition

Code	Modern
Definition	tree is classified as after 1950
Source

Missing Value Code:

Accuracy Report:

Accuracy Assessment:

Coverage:

Methods:

Data Package Usage Rights

PalEON uses the CC-BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International) License for data products that get archived on NIS or elsewhere. Details of this license can be found here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)	Water Use Efficiency, Forest, Savanna, Tree growth, climate sensitivity, CO2, d13C

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

To evaluate whether any changes in growth or drought sensitivity might be due to increased CO2and WUE, we measured d13C of a-cellulose extracted from annual rings of tree growth and estimated yearly values for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). The isotopic fractionation signal observed in d13C of a-cellulose is recorded during photosynthesis, and thus is a good proxy for the internal CO2 concentrations present in the leaf stomata (Ci) during carbon assimilation. High atmospheric CO2 concentrations can elevate Ci by increasing the amount of CO2 diffusion into open stomata. This can increase the ratio of CO2 uptake during assimilation (A) without changing the amount of water transpired (gs), driving increases in iWUE. Since tree ontogenetic effects, climate, and CO2can also influence d13C and iWUE, we again employed a stratified sampling design to account for these confounding factors. For each site, we sampled d13C from a-cellulose of at least 20 years with similar climate conditions from 3-5 trees in each cohort. We did this for a subset of 5 of our sites (BON, GLL1, GLL2, MOU, and UNC), resulting in 441 total d13C samples used in the following analysis. This sampling design allows us to compare d13C and iWUE in years of relative drought stress in similar sized trees, but under differing CO2 conditions. We isolated a-cellulose from wood of individual years following. 13C isotopic ratios were quantified by combustion of a-cellulose in a Thermo DeltaV Advantage with a Costech 4010 EAS at University of Notre Dame Center for Environmental Science and Technology. Standard deviation for internal standards was determined to be +/- 0.295 ppt. We use delta notation (d13C) to indicate the ratio relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite global standard (per mil VPDB). The d13C estimates are corrected for the Suess effect, which accounts for recent changes in plant d13C due to changes in atmospheric CO2d13C with the burning of fossil fuels. iWUE is estimated using d13C values and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) from composite Mauna Loa observations and ice core records. iWUE is determined where Ca is measured atmospheric CO2 concentration and a and b are the diffusion and Rubisco carboxylation fractionation factors (4.4 ppt and 27 ppt), respectively. is isotopic discrimination of carbon resulting from the preferential use of the lighter-12C during CO2 diffusion and carboxylation. It is determined from measured d13C values of atmospheric CO2 (d13Catm) and d13C of plant material (d13Cplant).

Additional details can be found in the methods sections in: Heilman et al., 2020,Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. Code for the data processing and analyses can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/Kah5/TreeRings

People and Organizations

Creators:

Individual:	Dr. Kelly Heilman
Organization:	University of Arizona

Contacts:

Individual:	Dr. Jody Peters
Organization:	University of Notre Dame

Individual:	Dr. Jason McLachlan
Organization:	University of Notre Dame

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

2015

End:

2019

Geographic Region:

Description:

Midwestern United States, Illinois to Minnesota

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	49.125	Southern:	36.25
Western:	-98.125	Eastern:	-86.375

Taxonomic Range:

Classification:

Rank Name:

Genus

Rank Value:

Quercus

Classification:

Rank Name:	Species
Rank Value:	alba
Common Name:	White Oak

Classification:

Rank Name:

Genus

Rank Value:

Quercus

Classification:

Rank Name:	Species
Rank Value:	macrocarpa
Common Name:	Bur Oak

Classification:

Rank Name:

Genus

Rank Value:

Quercus

Classification:

Rank Name:	Species
Rank Value:	rubra
Common Name:	Northern Red Oak

Classification:

Rank Name:

Genus

Rank Value:

Quercus

Classification:

Rank Name:	Species
Rank Value:	velutina
Common Name:	Black Oak

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Paleo-ecological Observatory Network (PalEON)

Personnel:

Individual:

Jason McLachlan

Address:

100 Galvin Life Sciences,

Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA

Phone:

(574) 631 1850 (voice)

Email Address:

jmclachl@nd.edu

Role:

Lead PI

Individual:

Jody Peters

Address:

100 Galvin Life Sciences,

Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA

Email Address:

peters.63@nd.edu

Role:

Co - Information Manager

Abstract:

PalEON (the PaleoEcological Observatory Network) is an interdisciplinary team of paleoecologists, ecological statisticians, and ecosystem modelers. Our goal is to reconstruct forest composition, fire regime, and climate in forests across the northeastern US and Alaska over the past 2000 years and then use this to drive and validate terrestrial ecosystem models. We will develop a coherent spatiotemporal inference framework to quantify trends and extreme events in paleoecological and paleoclimatic time series. Variables such as forest composition, fire regime, and moisture balance will be inferred from corresponding paleoecological proxies, with rigorous estimates of uncertainty.

These datasets will be applied to improve terrestrial ecosystem models in two contexts. First, we are developing specific data products, such as high- resolution settlement-era forest composition maps from witness tree and General Land Office data, that can be used to drive ecosystem models. PalEON will develop formal data assimilation tools that will allow the models we use to forecast on centennial scales to be informed by decadal- to centennial-scale data. Second, are developing data products for the purpose of model validation (e.g. fire-frequency reconstructions from sedimentary charcoal data). These long-term validation datasets will help us assess the ability of these models to capture past dynamics correctly, and will help us understand why their future projections are so divergent.

Funding:

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'per mil VPDB'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ' '
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'per mil VPDB'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'number'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'per mil Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite or parts per thousand'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'unitList'
        |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___element 'unit'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'id' = 'ppm'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'multiplierToSI' = ' '
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'name' = 'ppm'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'parentSI' = 'number'
        |     |     |     |  \___attribute 'unitType' = 'dimensionless'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n          '
        |     |     |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |     |     |___text 'parts per million'
        |     |     |     |___text '\n        '
        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |___text '\nPublications: Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. Code for the data processing and analyses can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/Kah5/TreeRings.\n'
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

Copyright 2024 Environmental Data Initiative. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #2223103 and #2223104. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Please contact us with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site or the Environmental Data Initiative. Please read our privacy policy to know what information we collect about you and to understand your privacy rights.

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Quercus spp Tree Ring Isotopes, Midwest US

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Additional Metadata

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Additional Metadata

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Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Quercus spp Tree Ring Isotopes, Midwest US

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