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Tree Rings, Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, Minnesota

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:msb-paleon.37.0
Title:Tree Rings, Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, Minnesota
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in msb-paleon packages 35 and 37-43 correspond with the isotope data in msb-paleon package 34. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.


Time Period
Begin:
2015
End:
2019

People and Organizations
Contact:Peters, Jody (University of Notre Dame) 
Contact:McLachlan, Jason (University of Notre Dame) 
Creator:Heilman, Kelly (University of Arizona)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
ENGww.csv
Description:
Wholewood tree ring measurements from Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Data Table Name:
ENG_full_xy.csv
Description:
Plot-level attributes and tree ring data for Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Other Name:
EnglundTreeRings_rwl_cofecha.zip
Description:
 Earlywood (ew), latewood (lw), and wholewood (ww) tree ring growth measurement ring width files and cofecha crossdating output text files for all measured trees at Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN. In the cofecha files, we include all the measured time series in these files, but filter out cores with low correlations to a master chronology within the code for the analysis. In the rwl files the units are mm*100.
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/msb-paleon/37/0/17267cb5bee30349df200e011f13a499
Name:ENGww.csv
Description:Wholewood tree ring measurements from Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Number of Records:1312
Number of Columns:3

Table Structure
Object Name:ENGww.csv
Size:25493 byte
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:#x0A
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:year  
full_tellervo  
RingWidth  
Definition:year of the ring widthtree ID that matches the full_tellervo column in the plot-level metadata in this data packagering width of that year
Storage Type:      
Measurement Type:rationominalratio
Measurement Values Domain:
UnitnominalYear
Typenatural
Definitiontree ID
Unitmillimeter
Typereal
Missing Value Code:      
Accuracy Report:      
Accuracy Assessment:      
Coverage:      
Methods:      

Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/msb-paleon/37/0/0a7dd659dad74f33da133cc0ecc3c2ab
Name:ENG_full_xy.csv
Description:Plot-level attributes and tree ring data for Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN
Number of Records:16
Number of Columns:14

Table Structure
Object Name:ENG_full_xy.csv
Size:1952 byte
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:1
Record Delimiter:#x0A
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,

Table Column Descriptions
 
Column Name:Species_common  
short  
full_tellervo  
Year_cored  
TagID  
Core  
DBH  
ele  
x_plot  
y_plot  
x_tree  
y_tree  
Species  
SpecCode  
Definition:Common species nameShort, unique tree ID assigned to the individual tree (can have multiple cores that have the same Short tree ID, if we took multiple cores from that tree)Full tellervo ID assigned to the individual coresYear trees were cored for this plotNumber on the metal tree tag attached to the tree these cores came from at this siteNumber of cores taken from this treeDiameter at Breast Height in centimetersElevation in meters as recorded by the GPS unit (note some of the GPS points did not record elevation, so this may be NA)X coordinate of the plot center, in meters (using Great Lakes Albers projection EPSG:3175)Y coordinate of the plot center, in meters (using Great Lakes Albers projection EPSG:3175)X coordinate of the tree, in meters (using Great Lakes Albers projection EPSG:3175)Y coordinate of the tree, in meters (using Great Lakes Albers projection EPSG:3175)Full species scientific nameFour letter species code
Storage Type:                            
Measurement Type:nominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominalnominal
Measurement Values Domain:
DefinitionCommon species name
DefinitionTree ID
DefinitionTellervo ID
UnitnominalYear
Typenatural
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Unitdimensionless
Typenatural
Unitcentimeter
Typereal
Unitmeter
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
Unitdegree
Typereal
DefinitionFull species scientific name
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeQUMA
DefinitionQuercus macrocarpa
Source
Code Definition
CodeQURU
DefinitionQuercus rubra
Source
Missing Value Code:                            
Accuracy Report:                            
Accuracy Assessment:                            
Coverage:                            
Methods:                            

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:EnglundTreeRings_rwl_cofecha.zip
Entity Type:rwl and cofecha output file
Description: Earlywood (ew), latewood (lw), and wholewood (ww) tree ring growth measurement ring width files and cofecha crossdating output text files for all measured trees at Englund Ecotone Scientific and Natural Area, MN. In the cofecha files, we include all the measured time series in these files, but filter out cores with low correlations to a master chronology within the code for the analysis. In the rwl files the units are mm*100.
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:EnglundTreeRings_rwl_cofecha.zip
Compression Method:zip
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:rwl and cofecha output files
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/msb-paleon/37/0/6b1aec4f8860c91ad660984497448284

Data Package Usage Rights

PalEON uses the CC-BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International) License for data products that get archived on NIS or elsewhere. Details of this license can be found here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
(No thesaurus)Water Use Efficiency, Forest, Savanna, Tree growth, climate sensitivity, CO2, d13C

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

Our study region spans the savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest of North America.We sampled tree cores from sites across a historic sharp boundary between open savanna and closed forest ecosystems.

Tree ring growth Sampling strategy We aim to determine if stand structure drives diverse responses to either climate or elevated CO2. Thus, we selected both closed forest and open savanna sample sites across the savanna-forest boundary region. Where possible, we made efforts to spatially pair savanna sites with close forest sites, to limit climatic differences across sites. Here we report tree ring widths across 9 sites (5 savanna and 4 closed forest) that fit our full sampling criteria. Sites are situated along an increasing moisture gradient from West to East, spanning mean annual precipitations from 577 to 873 mm (95% CI = 372 – 1178 mm). Sites also vary along a North to South summer maximum temperature gradient spanning ~24.1 - 26.8 °C (95% CI = 21 – 30 °C). Within each site, we sampled 1-3 trees cores from trees >3cm DBH and censused all trees within a 15-meter radius plot. By sampling most trees in the plot, we minimize sampling biases associated with tree age, and capture an ecologically realistic range of tree-growth responses to climate.

Tree-growth measurements and crossdating Cores were dried, mounted with hide glue, sanded, and first visually crossdated to ensure correct dating of the annual rings. We measured earlywood and latewood ring widths of all Quercus spp. to the nearest micrometer using a Velmex measuring station and Tellervo Software. Whole-wood ring widths were statistically crossdated using COFECHA, and site-level summary statistics calculated using DPLR package.

Additional details can be found in the methods sections in: Heilman et al., 2020,Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. Code for the data processing and analyses can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/Kah5/TreeRings

People and Organizations

Creators:
Individual:Dr. Kelly Heilman
Organization:University of Arizona
Contacts:
Individual:Dr. Jody Peters
Organization:University of Notre Dame
Individual:Dr. Jason McLachlan
Organization:University of Notre Dame

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
2015
End:
2019
Sampling Site: 
Description:Bonanza Prairie Scientific and Natural Area, Minnesota
Site Coordinates:
Longitude (degree): -94.1541Latitude (degree): 45.6923
Taxonomic Range:
Classification:
Rank Name:Genus
Rank Value:Quercus
Classification:
Rank Name:Species
Rank Value:macrocarpa
Common Name:Bur Oak
Classification:
Rank Name:Genus
Rank Value:Quercus
Classification:
Rank Name:Species
Rank Value:rubra
Common Name:Northern Red Oak

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title: Paleo-ecological Observatory Network (PalEON)
Personnel:
Individual: Jason McLachlan
Address:
100 Galvin Life Sciences,
Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA
Phone:
(574) 631 1850 (voice)
Email Address:
jmclachl@nd.edu
Role:Lead PI
Individual: Jody Peters
Address:
100 Galvin Life Sciences,
Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA
Email Address:
peters.63@nd.edu
Role:Co - Information Manager
Abstract:

PalEON (the PaleoEcological Observatory Network) is an interdisciplinary team of paleoecologists, ecological statisticians, and ecosystem modelers. Our goal is to reconstruct forest composition, fire regime, and climate in forests across the northeastern US and Alaska over the past 2000 years and then use this to drive and validate terrestrial ecosystem models. We will develop a coherent spatiotemporal inference framework to quantify trends and extreme events in paleoecological and paleoclimatic time series. Variables such as forest composition, fire regime, and moisture balance will be inferred from corresponding paleoecological proxies, with rigorous estimates of uncertainty.

These datasets will be applied to improve terrestrial ecosystem models in two contexts. First, we are developing specific data products, such as high- resolution settlement-era forest composition maps from witness tree and General Land Office data, that can be used to drive ecosystem models. PalEON will develop formal data assimilation tools that will allow the models we use to forecast on centennial scales to be informed by decadal- to centennial-scale data. Second, are developing data products for the purpose of model validation (e.g. fire-frequency reconstructions from sedimentary charcoal data). These long-term validation datasets will help us assess the ability of these models to capture past dynamics correctly, and will help us understand why their future projections are so divergent.

Funding:

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Other Metadata

Additional Metadata

additionalMetadata
        |___text '\n    '
        |___element 'metadata'
        |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___element 'description'
        |     |     |___text '\nPublications: Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. Code for the data processing and analyses can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/Kah5/TreeRings.\n'
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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