Data Package Metadata View Summary

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Instantaneous Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 – present

General Information

Data Package:

Local Identifier:

knb-lter-hbr.1.15

Title:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Instantaneous Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 – present

Alternate Identifier:

DOI PLACE HOLDER

Abstract:

Streamflow at 9 watersheds (12-77 Hectares) within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA has been measured continuously from as early as 1955. Streams are gaged with V-notch weirs, in some cases in combination with rectangular San Dimas flumes, at the outlet of each watershed. Through 2012, stage heights were recorded by means of a mechanical spring-wound clock and pen on a strip-chart recorder. Beginning January 1, 2013, these analog chart recorders were replaced with digital sensors. Overlap with both measurement techniques occurred for several years at all weirs. Streamflow data were gathered by the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and contributed to the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Publication Date:

2022-08-19

For more information:
Visit:	DOI PLACE HOLDER

Time Period

Begin:

1956-01-01

End:

2022-07-07

People and Organizations
Contact:	Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study [ email ]
Organization:	USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Associate:	Campbell, John (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Associated party)
Associate:	Bailey, Amey (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Associated party)
Associate:	Lany, Nina (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Associated party)
Associate:	Green, Mark (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Associated party)
Associate:	Zietlow, David (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Associated party)
Associate:	Bailey, Scott (Virginia tech, Associated party)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:	w1_stmflow_1956-2012
Description:	w1 streamflow 1956-2012
Data Table Name:	w2_stmflow_1957-2012
Description:	w2 streamflow 1957-2012
Data Table Name:	w3_stmflow_1957-2012
Description:	w3 streamflow 1957-2012
Data Table Name:	w4_stmflow_1960-2012
Description:	w4 streamflow 1960-2012
Data Table Name:	w5_stmflow_1962-2012
Description:	w5 streamflow 1962-2012
Data Table Name:	w6_stmflow_1963-2012
Description:	w6 streamflow 1963-2012
Data Table Name:	w7_stmflow_1965-2012
Description:	w7 streamflow 1965-2012
Data Table Name:	w8_stmflow_1968-2012
Description:	w8 streamflow 1968-2012
Data Table Name:	w9_stmflow_1995-2012
Description:	w9 streamflow 1995-2012
Data Table Name:	w1_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w1 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w2_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w2 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w3_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w3 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w4_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w4 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w5_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w5 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
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Description:	w6 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w7_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w7 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w8_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w8 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Data Table Name:	w9_stmflow_2013-2022_5min
Description:	w9 streamflow 2013-2022 5 minute
Other Name:	Streamflow_Constants
Description:	Streamflow constants file

Detailed Metadata

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Data Package Usage Rights

This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you.

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
LTER Controlled Vocabulary	ecosystems, forests, watersheds, stream discharge, hydrology, stream flow, streams, water
LTER Core Research Area	disturbance
HBES Vocabulary	HBR, Hubbard Brook LTER, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, HBES, HBEF, New Hampshire, NH, White Mountain National Forest, gage, gauge, weir
ISO 19115 Topic Category	biota, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
National Research & Development Taxonomy	Climate change, Climate change effects, Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package

Description:

Streamflow has been measured continuously at stream gaging stations at the outlets of nine watersheds (W1-9). The height of water passing over a 90 or 120 degree sharp-crested V-notch weir is measured with a float and pulley placed in a stilling well. Stage heights are converted to volumetric discharge using standard, published equations (Hertzler, 1938, King,1954). At weirs 1-4 and 9, when stage heights are above the V notch, high flow calculations are made based on the geometry of the upper rectangular section of the weir outlet. High flows at stations 5-8 are measured by rectangular San Dimas Flumes, oriented upstream and in series with the V-notch weirs. Flume rating curve tables, specific to widths of 2, 3 and 4 feet, were provided by the San Dimas Experimental Forest in Glendora, California where the namesake flume was developed. At weirs 1-8, low flow (stage heights < [0.15 – 0.5 ft]) values are produced with lookup tables developed from weir specific empirical calibrations. During winter, plywood hoods are placed over the V-notches and propane gas heaters keep the V-notches, flumes, and stilling wells ice-free. Over the complete record of streamflow, several technological changes have been made.

1955-2012: Stage heights at the stream gages were recorded continuously with Stevens A-35 mechanical recorders at the weirs, and Belfort FW-1 mechanical recorders at the flumes. The paper strip charts were changed every 2 weeks. Gaps in the record (e.g., due to problems such as debris and ice in the V-notch, stopped clock, poor ink trace, and erroneous resets of stage height) were filled by tracing the ink line from a chart of a similar nearby weir. The analog charts were digitized at Hubbard Brook using a Summagraphics digitizer. For each day, 2 to 130 points on the chart were digitized, depending on the rate of change of flow. During high flow periods digitized points were taken with no more than a 0.150 ft change on the strip chart.

2013-present: On January 1, 2013, we transitioned to digital streamflow sensors that record stage every 5 minutes (288 points per day). The first digital sensors to measure weir stage, Campbell Scientific CS410 Shaft Encoders (resolution 0.01 ft), were installed in 2010 and operated in parallel with the charts for several years. In 2016, Amass PSE optical shaft encoders (resolution 0.003 ft) were installed and the current version of the published data transitions from CS410 to Amass encoder data on 2017-10-04. Streamflow measurements at the flumes transitioned from mechanical chart recorders to digital shaft encoders about 2013, digital shaft encoders to sonic and radar distance sensors about 2015, and from Max Botix to Judd sonic sensors in 2018 and 2019. Transitioning from shaft encoders to sonic sensors eliminated the need for stilling wells for the flumes, which were difficult to keep ice free during winter. The digital shaft encoders at the weirs and flumes utilize the same float and weight around a pulley technology as the mechanical chart recorders. For 2013-2015, gaps in stage height were filled using a regression relationship with a nearby watershed or by linear interpolation for shorter gaps. Once stage height was gap-filled, specific discharge (mm) was calculated. For 2016-present, specific discharge was calculated first, and gaps were filled with the median of an ensemble of predictions from available watersheds (See et al. 2020).

References

Hertzler, R. A. 1938. Determination of a formula for the 120° V-notch weir. Civil Engin. 8: 756-757.

King, H.W. 1954. Handbook of hydraulics. Ed. 4, 556 pp., illus. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.

See C.R., Green M.B., Yanai R.D., Bailey A.S., Campbell J.L., Hayward J. 2020. Quantifying uncertainty in annual runoff due to missing data. PeerJ 8:e9531 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9531

Bailey, A.S., J.W. Hornbeck, J.L. Campbell, and C. Eagar. 2003. Hydrometeorological Database for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 1955-2000. GTR NE-305

People and Organizations

Publishers:

Organization:

Environmental Data Initiative

Email Address:

info@edirepository.org

Web Address:

https://edirepository.org

Id:

https://ror.org/0330j0z60

Creators:

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Contacts:

Organization:

Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study

Email Address:

hbr-im@lternet.edu

Associated Parties:

Individual:

John Campbell

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Email Address:

john.campbell2@usda.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-1696

Role:

Associated party

Individual:

Amey Bailey

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Email Address:

amey.bailey@usda.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-8550

Role:

Associated party

Individual:

Nina Lany

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Email Address:

nina.lany@usda.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-266X

Role:

Associated party

Individual:

Mark Green

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Email Address:

mbg78@case.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-7209

Role:

Associated party

Individual:

David Zietlow

Organization:

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Email Address:

david.zietlow@usda.gov

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-6744

Role:

Associated party

Individual:

Scott Bailey

Organization:

Virginia tech

Email Address:

bailey.scott@vt.edu

Id:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X

Role:

Associated party

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period

Begin:

1956-01-01

End:

2022-07-07

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.959	Southern:	43.914
Western:	-71.8062	Eastern:	-71.7022

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9593557822668	Southern:	43.9521213879054
Western:	-71.7308664206143	Eastern:	-71.7258324124589

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 2

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.960291615975	Southern:	43.9534340561576
Western:	-71.7282299018694	Eastern:	-71.7229683487338

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 3

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9621959011255	Southern:	43.9546498936508
Western:	-71.7250293131682	Eastern:	-71.7165330477456

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 4

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9584400180797	Southern:	43.9498341211195
Western:	-71.7367112535046	Eastern:	-71.7251264441362

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 5

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9571671305908	Southern:	43.9489415601898
Western:	-71.7393751346238	Eastern:	-71.7312533953862

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 6

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9570704342894	Southern:	43.9499961425669
Western:	-71.7429898339815	Eastern:	-71.7351745715318

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 7

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9275626202331	Southern:	43.9160860989369
Western:	-71.7729893372752	Eastern:	-71.7583437038186

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 8

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9295083991616	Southern:	43.9180094526026
Western:	-71.7620729780292	Eastern:	-71.7524128897013

Geographic Region:

Description:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 9

Bounding Coordinates:

Northern:	43.9259333378975	Southern:	43.9160330187155
Western:	-71.7580290674899	Eastern:	-71.7422674747308

Project

Parent Project Information:

Title:

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Long-Term Data Collection

Personnel:

Organization:	USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Role:	Principal Investigator

Funding:

USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station

Maintenance

Maintenance:

Description:	ongoing
Frequency:

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        |     |     |___text '\n      '
        |     |___text '\n    '
        |___text '\n  '

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Data Package Metadata View Summary

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Instantaneous Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 – present

Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Parent Project Information:

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata

Recently Added

Recently Updated

Data Package Metadata View Summary

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Instantaneous Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 – present

+/- Data Entities

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Data Table

Non-Categorized Data Resource

+/- Data Package Usage Rights

+/- Keywords

+/- Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

+/- People and Organizations

+/- Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

+/- Project

Parent Project Information:

+/- Maintenance

+/- Additional Metadata

+/- Additional Metadata

Data Entities

Data Package Usage Rights

Keywords

Methods and Protocols

People and Organizations

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Project

Maintenance

Additional Metadata

Additional Metadata