This dataset is associated with an experiment that was conducted on the University of Florida's campus to evaluate the role of priming in dissolved organic matter turnover. Incubations were established with dissolved organic matter substrates derived from a 13C-labeled algal substrate, mangrove peat derived dissolved organic matter leachate, and a primed condition with both algal and peat substrates. A seawater control was also included. This dataset includes measurements of water chemistry, carbon dioxide, stable isotopes, and gene counts for clusters of orthologous genes (COG). For more information, please refer to Morrison et al., Mangrove peat and algae leachates elicit rapid and contrasting molecular and microbial responses in coastal waters